Health advice in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Medforth ◽  
Linda Ball ◽  
Angela Walker ◽  
Sue Battersby ◽  
Sarah Stables
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Gain Body Mass ◽  
Current Advice ◽  
In Pregnancy

This chapter begins with a discussion of the concepts of fetal programming and epigenetics and the relevance of both to health advice in pregnancy. The topics of smoking (including e-cigarettes), alcohol intake, diet and nutrition, weight gain, body mass index, food safety, folic acid, iron and vitamin D supplementation, nut allergies, exercise, and employment during pregnancy are each covered in depth. The current advice and guidance which should be given to women and their families during pregnancy relative to each topic are also discussed.

Can Iron and Folic Acid-IFA and Ca & Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy be Fitted into Habitual Pattern of Three Meals A Day?

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Prema Ramachandran ◽  
Amrita Pramanik ◽  
K. Kalaivani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Meal Pattern ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid ◽  
Habitual Pattern ◽  
In Pregnancy

In India prevalence of anaemia and vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy are widespread. National programmes recommend that two tablets of iron and folic acid (IFA) and two tablets of calcium and vitamin D (Ca & Vit D) to be given every day from second trimester till delivery. To minimize the side effects and increase compliance, it is advised that each tablet should be taken after a meal. Most households follow a three meal pattern. A study was taken up to find out how IFA and Ca & Vit D supplementations can be fitted into the habitual three meal pattern. A short term crossover supplementation study was carried out on 38 pregnant women to assess side effects following consumption after lunch of one or two tablets containing 500mg elemental calcium (as calcium carbonate) and 250 IU vitamin D or 60 mg of elemental iron as ferrous sulphate. Prevalence of side effects was higher in women who received iron supplements as compared to Ca & Vit D supplements. Taking two tablets of Ca & Vit D together after meal was associated with significantly higher prevalence of side effects as compared to taking one tablet after meal. Taking two tablets of iron together after meal was not associated with any significant increase in prevalence of side effects as compared to one tablet. Giving two tablets of iron together after one meal and giving one tablet of calcium and vitamin after two meals is feasible option for providing two tablets each of iron and Ca & Vit D to pregnant women who habitually follow a three meal pattern.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density at age 7 years does not associate with adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in infancy or vitamin D status in pregnancy and childhood: An Odense Child Cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Signe Monrad Nørgaard ◽  
Christine Dalgård ◽  
Malene Søborg Heidemann ◽  
Anders Jørgen Schou ◽  
Henrik Thybo Christesen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Vitamin D supplementation in infancy is recommended to prevent rickets. At the population level, its effects on bone mineralisation are largely unknown. We aimed to explore whether adherence to national vitamin D supplementation guidelines (10 µg/day up to age 2 years), supplementation at ages 5 and 7 years, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) at various time points associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at age 7 years in the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark (n=1,194). High adherence was defined as supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D 6-7 times per week during ≥ 80 % of the observation time. S-25(OH)D was analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Total-body-less-head (TBLH) BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. At median age 18.1 months, 53.9 % (n=475/881) reported high adherence. The median s-25(OH)D was 64.7, 78.8, 46.0, and 71.8 nmol/l in early pregnancy, late pregnancy, cord blood, and at 5 years, respectively. The mean (SD) TBLH BMD at median age 7.1 years was 0.613 (0.049) g/cm2 (z-score +0.363 (0.824)). In adjusted analyses, vitamin D supplementation up to 18 months, and at 5 and 7 years, was not associated with TBLH BMD. Similarly, no robust associations were found between TBLH BMD and s-25(OH)D at any time point. No associations were found for TBLH bone mineral concentration or bone area. In this population with relatively high s-25(OH)D concentrations, no consistent associations were found between adherence to vitamin D supplementation recommendations or vitamin D status in pregnancy or childhood, and bone mineralisation at age 7 years.

Vitamins for the First 1000 Days: Preparing for Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Alexa L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type I ◽  
In Pregnancy

Vitamins are essential nutrients for many body functions and particularly important during growth. Adequate supply in pregnancy and in early infancy is therefore crucial, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the needed amounts of vitamins of children older than six months and also during pregnancy. Recommendations for intake levels are generally derived by extrapolation from data for infants based in turn on the contents in breast milk and those for adults. A vitamin of particular importance in pregnancy is folic acid due to its role in the development of the brain and nerve system and the prevention of fetal neural tube defects (NTD). Mandatory fortification of flour and certain other grain products in many countries has been associated with a reduction in NTD incidence. However, other deficiencies or suboptimal status of B vitamins, especially B6 and B12 have been repeatedly reported in pregnant women also in high-income countries. Vitamin A is one of the three most critical micronutrients globally and pregnant women and young children are especially vulnerable to deficiencies. Night blindness, anemia, and immunodeficiency are major consequences of inadequate supply in these populations. Much attention has recently been accorded vitamin D that is also critical in pregnant women and young children for instance because of its involvement in bone mineralization but also its more recently discovered immune-modulating function that is thought to prevent development of autoimmune diseases like diabetes mellitus type I. A healthy balanced diet provides the best basis for optimal pregnancy outcome, lactation performance, and complementary feeding. However, supplements or fortified foods may be needed to cover the high requirements especially of critical vitamins such as vitamin D and folic acid and to correct unfavorable dietary patterns in women or to adapt foods to the needs of young children.

scholarly journals Effects of Preventive Nutrition Interventions among Adolescents on Health and Nutritional Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana A Salam ◽  
Jai K Das ◽  
Wardah Ahmed ◽  
Omar Irfan ◽  
Sana Sadiq Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Evidence

The objective of this review was to assess the impact of preventive nutrition interventions on health and nutritional status of adolescents aged 10–19 years in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched the databases until 5 February 2019 without any restrictions on publication, date, language, or publication status. A total of 10 studies (15 papers) including 10,802 participants assessing the impact of micronutrient supplementation/fortification were included in this review. We did not find any study assessing the impact of nutrition education and counseling or macronutrient supplementation among adolescents. Among primary outcomes, we are uncertain of the effect of iron supplementation with or without folic acid on anemia (daily supplementation; relative risk (RR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42, 2.57; one study; 1160 participants; low-quality evidence; weekly supplementation; RR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.46, 2.52; one study; 1247 participants; low-quality evidence). We are also uncertain of the effect of various micronutrient supplementation/fortification on body mass index (BMI) (calcium/vitamin D supplementation; (MD: −0.01 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.20, 1.17; two studies; 730 participants; I2 94%; very-low-quality evidence, iron supplementation with or without folic acid; MD: 0.47 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.17, 1.11; two studies; 652 participants; I2 37%; very-low-quality evidence, zinc supplementation; MD: 0.35 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.15, 0.85; one study; 382 participants; very-low-quality evidence) and multiple micronutrient (MMN) fortification; MD: 0.23 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.11, 0.57; two studies; 943 participants; I2 22%; very-low-quality evidence). None of the included studies reported any other primary outcomes including morbidity or adverse effects. Among secondary outcomes, iron supplementation with or without folic acid may improve hemoglobin concentrations, and calcium/vitamin D supplementation may improve serum 25(OH)D levels, while calcium only supplementation and calcium and vitamin D supplementation may marginally improve total body bone mineral density (BMD). We are uncertain of the effect of MMN fortification on hemoglobin concentrations, calcium supplementation on total body bone mineral content (BMC), calcium + vitamin D supplementation on total body BMC, and zinc supplementation on zinc levels. There is limited evidence of micronutrient supplementation/fortification among adolescents, especially adolescent boys, on health and nutritional status in LMICs. These findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low quality and limited number of studies.

Periconceptional use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, could decrease the risk of CHD in offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1445-1451
Author(s):  
Anda Zhao ◽  
Kena Zhao ◽  
Yuanqing Xia ◽  
Yong Yin ◽  
Jianzhen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Periconceptional Period

AbstractObjective:To explore if there is association between vitamin D supplementation through cod liver oil ingestion around the periconceptional period and the risk of developing severe CHD in offspring. Furthermore, we would examine the interaction between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation in the association.Methods:A case–control study was conducted in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, in which, a total of 262 severe CHD cases versus 262 controls were recruited through June 2016 to December 2017. All children were younger than 2 years. To reduce potential selection bias and to minimise confounding effects, propensity score matching was applied.Results:After propensity score matching, vitamin D supplementation seemed to be associated with decreased odds ratio of severe CHD (odds ratio = 0.666; 95% confidence intervals: 0.449–0.990) in the multivariable conditional logistic analysis. Furthermore, we found an additive interaction between vitamin D and folic acid supplementation (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.810, 95% confidence intervals: 0.386–1.235) in the association.Conclusion:The results suggested that maternal vitamin D supplementation could decrease the risk of offspring severe CHD; moreover, it could strengthen the protective effect of folic acid. The significance of this study lies in providing epidemiological evidence that vitamin D supplementation around the periconceptional period could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to meet the challenge of increasing CHD.

Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and Lactation and Infant Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Roth ◽  
Shaun K. Morris ◽  
Stanley Zlotkin ◽  
Alison D. Gernand ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
In Pregnancy
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