Animal models to study pathophysiology of the vasculature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenduo Gu ◽  
Yao Xie ◽  
Qingbo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Vascular Disorder ◽  
Transplant Arteriosclerosis ◽  
Major Progress ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Animal models are designed to be preliminary tools for a better understanding of the pathogenesis, improvement in diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of vascular diseases in humans. Animal models are easily manageable, as compounding effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled experimentally. Blood vessel samples can be taken for detailed experimental and biomolecular examination. A thorough understanding of the animal models used is necessary and complete analysis must be validated so that the data can be extrapolated to humans. There are several species that are used for studying vascular pathophysiology, including mice, rats, rabbits, and pigs. Attracted by the well-defined genetic systems, a number of investigators have begun to use the mouse as an experimental system for arteriosclerosis research. Because vascular disorder is a complicated disease, which includes spontaneous (native) atherosclerosis, transplant arteriosclerosis, vein graft atherosclerosis, and angioplasty-induced restenosis, several models for studying all types of vascular disease have recently been established. Using these animal models, much knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of the disease and therapeutic intervention has been gained. This chapter will not attempt to cover all aspects of animal models, but will rather focus on the major progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the vasculature, the (dis)advantages of a variety of models, and how specific models can be appropriately chosen for different purposes of study.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

scholarly journals Antiartherosclerotic Effects of Plant Flavonoids

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamala Salvamani ◽  
Baskaran Gunasekaran ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Yunus Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Heart Attacks ◽  
Synthetic Drug

Atherosclerosis is the process of hardening and narrowing the arteries. Atherosclerosis is generally associated with cardiovascular diseases such as strokes, heart attacks, and peripheral vascular diseases. Since the usage of the synthetic drug, statins, leads to various side effects, the plants flavonoids with antiartherosclerotic activity gained much attention and were proven to reduce the risk of atherosclerosisin vitroandin vivobased on different animal models. The flavonoids compounds also exhibit lipid lowering effects and anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties. The future development of flavonoids-based drugs is believed to provide significant effects on atherosclerosis and its related diseases. This paper discusses the antiatherosclerotic effects of selected plant flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, naringenin, catechin, fisetin, and gossypetin.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics of Vascular Disease in Animal Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Acuna ◽  
Alycia G. Berman ◽  
Frederick W. Damen ◽  
Brett A. Meyers ◽  
Amelia R. Adelsperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
The Impact

Recent applications of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applied to the cardiovascular system have demonstrated its power in investigating the impact of hemodynamics on disease initiation, progression, and treatment outcomes. Flow metrics such as pressure distributions, wall shear stresses (WSS), and blood velocity profiles can be quantified to provide insight into observed pathologies, assist with surgical planning, or even predict disease progression. While numerous studies have performed simulations on clinical human patient data, it often lacks prediagnosis information and can be subject to large intersubject variability, limiting the generalizability of findings. Thus, animal models are often used to identify and manipulate specific factors contributing to vascular disease because they provide a more controlled environment. In this review, we explore the use of CFD in animal models in recent studies to investigate the initiating mechanisms, progression, and intervention effects of various vascular diseases. The first section provides a brief overview of the CFD theory and tools that are commonly used to study blood flow. The following sections are separated by anatomical region, with the abdominal, thoracic, and cerebral areas specifically highlighted. We discuss the associated benefits and obstacles to performing CFD modeling in each location. Finally, we highlight animal CFD studies focusing on common surgical treatments, including arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and pulmonary artery grafts. The studies included in this review demonstrate the value of combining CFD with animal imaging and should encourage further research to optimize and expand upon these techniques for the study of vascular disease.

Basic Science in Multiple Sclerosis Research

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Gilmore ◽  
Leslie P. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Gender

Through the lens of basic science, this chapter provides an overview of research in multiple sclerosis, with a focus on progress and promise in the study of neuropathological and immunological characteristics of the disease and the influence of genetics, environmental factors, and gender. The stage for discussion is set with consideration for the challenges presented by the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in multiple features of the disease. Key research questions are identified and discussed, along with the importance of contributions from advancements in technology and from animal models. The chapter seeks to illuminate the overall goals of basic research, which are to develop new insights into the causes, triggers, and mechanisms of disease activity in multiple sclerosis and to translate them into strategies to prevent, treat, and ultimately cure this enigmatic disease.

Obesity: epigenetic regulation – recent observations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Remely ◽  
Ana Laura de la Garza ◽  
Ulrich Magnet ◽  
Eva Aumueller ◽  
Alexander G. Haslberger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Obesity Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors, especially nutrition and lifestyle, have been discussed in the literature for their relevance to epidemic obesity. Gene-environment interactions may need to be understood for an improved understanding of the causes of obesity, and epigenetic mechanisms are of special importance. Consequences of epigenetic mechanisms seem to be particularly important during certain periods of life: prenatal, postnatal and intergenerational, transgenerational inheritance are discussed with relevance to obesity. This review focuses on nutrients, diet and habits influencing intergenerational, transgenerational, prenatal and postnatal epigenetics; on evidence of epigenetic modifiers in adulthood; and on animal models for the study of obesity.

The Study on Personalized Guidance in Intelligent Library Based on Multi-Agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 143-144 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Personal Favorite ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Moving Path ◽  
Time Information

The system integrated RFID technique, wireless and mobile phone which apply in the intelligent guidance and book management of large scale of library, and to collate the real time information by different functional mobile agents to provide customized information and service, according to the favorite of each reader. Meanwhile, to display forgoing information by multimedia video of book introduction for readers to replace traditional looking for some particular book provide the customized knowledge search style and effective book introduction. In addition, our article set forth System Environment Aware and Recommending Mechanism which bring up considerations for customized information, besides to analyzing personal favorite, should think about the environmental factors in the library, such as, moving path of readers, service and so on such synthetic factors to have a complete analysis and consideration, so as to know what the most appropriate guided service and information is for readers and to make it as a customized intellectual guided service.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Experimental Research on Multi-Layer Vessel-like Structure Printing Based on 3D Bio-Printing Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Huanbao Liu ◽  
Xianhai Yang ◽  
Xiang Cheng ◽  
Guangxi Zhao ◽  
Guangming Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Material

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional autologous transplantation has become a severe issue due to insufficient donors. Artificial blood vessel is an effective method for the treatment of major vascular diseases, such as heart and peripheral blood vessel diseases. However, the traditional single-material printing technology has been unable to meet the users’ demand for product functional complexity, which is not only reflected in the field of industrial manufacturing, but also in the field of functional vessel-like structure regeneration. In order to achieve the printing and forming of multi-layer vessel-like structures, this paper carries out theoretical and experimental research on the printing and forming of a multi-layer vessel-like structure based on multi-material 3D bioprinting technology. Firstly, theoretical analysis has been explored to research the relationship among the different parameters in the process of vessel forming, and further confirm the synchronous relationship among the extrusion rate of material, the tangential speed of the rotating rod, and the movement speed of the platform. Secondly, sodium alginate and gelatin have been used as the experimental materials to manufacture the vessel-like structure, and the corrected parameter of the theoretical analysis is further verified. Finally, the cell-loaded materials have been printed and analyzed, and cell viability is more than 90%, which provides support for the research of multi-layer vessel-like structure printing.

GENE THERAPY WITH NAKED PLASMID DNA ENCODING VEGF121 LEADS TO REVASCULARIZATION OF ISCHEMIC TISSUE IN ANIMAL MODELS OF VASCULAR DISEASES

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nelson Santiago Vispo ◽  
Ariana Garcia Ojalvo ◽  
Alina Seralena ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
Yaquelin Puchades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
Ischemic Tissue ◽  
Naked Plasmid ◽  
Naked Plasmid Dna

Characteristics of Irreversibly Constricted Cerebral Blood Vessels

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
T.M. Liszczak ◽  
V.G. Varsos ◽  
P.Mcl. Black ◽  
R.C. Heros ◽  
N.T. Zervas
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessel

Cerebral vasospasm is a biphasic event resulting in most cases in an irreversibly constricted cerebral blood vessel. The major initiator of vasoconstriction is subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or trauma. Several animal models have been developed but none approximates the pathological sequellae seen in man after SAH. We have refined a dog SAH model which possesses many of the physiological and ultrastructural features seen in man after SAH induced vasospasm and report some clinically relevant findings.

Survey on Ocular Blood Vessel Segmentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
R. Hannah Roseline ◽  
R. Jemina Priyadarsini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessels ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Vessel Extraction

The eye is sometimes said to provide a window into the health of a person for it is only with the eye that one can actually see the exposed flesh of the subject without using invasive procedures. There are a number of diseases, particularly vascular disease that leave telltale markers in the retina. The retina can be photographed relatively straightforwardly with a funds camera and now with retinal image processing there is much interest in computer analysis of retinal images for identifying and quantifying the effects of diseases such as cardio vascular diseases. A retinal image provides a snapshot of what is happening inside the human body. In particular, the ceremonial of the retinal blood vessels has been shown to imitate the cardiovascular condition of the body. Retinal images provide considerable information on pathological changes caused by local ocular disease which reveals diabetes, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Computer-aided study of retinal image plays a central role in diagnostic procedures. However, automatic retinal segmentation is complicated by the fact that retinal images are often noisy, poorly contrasted, and the vessel widths can vary from very small to very large. So in this survey we can review various segmentation techniques to improve the accuracy in blood vessel extraction.

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