Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 526-607
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Nitrogenous Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from a wide range of disease processes that vary in prevalence across the world. However, the manifestations and complications of CKD are broadly common to all causes of CKD and result from the accumulation of nitrogenous waste products, abnormal electrolyte, water, and acid-base regulation, and loss of regulated production of erythropoietin, renin, and vitamin D. This chapter provides an overview of the approach to the patient with CKD and then provides a structured description of the pathogenesis of the complications of CKD according to the organ or system affected, including the cardiovascular system, the liver and gastrointestinal tract, the endocrine system, the skin, the nervous system, and the blood.

Vitamin D levels in patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A. P. Lichacheva ◽  
N. V. Agranovich ◽  
A. T. Klassova ◽  
A. S. Anopchenko ◽  
E. L. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

BACKGROUND. Vitamin D has been known since 1928. The wide range of its metabolic effects paradoxically contrasts with the high prevalence of insufficiency and deficiency in the population of different regions of the world. A number of publications have demonstrated information about the relationship between vitamin D and insulin production by beta cells of the pancreas, as well as the excretory function of the kidneys.THE AIM: to assess the level of vitamin D in patients with diabetes mellitus in combination with chronic kidney disease (CKD).PATIENTS AND METHODS. A questionnaire and a study of the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, urea, and glucose in the blood were conducted in 117 patients aged 18 to 84 years who gave voluntary consent. All patients were divided into three study groups: group 1 - patients with long-term DM, group 2 - patients with newly diagnosed DM, and 3 - control group. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is calculated by the formula CKD-EPI.RESULTS. As a result of the study, it was found that patients with DM, regardless of the duration of its course, were more likely to suffer from vitamin D deficiency, compared with the control group, where D-deficiency and D-deficiency occurred with the same frequency. In addition, patients with DM were more likely to have stage 2-3A CKD, in contrast to the control group, where preserved kidney function prevailed. We also identified and confirmed the direct dependence of GFR on the level of vitamin D in the blood of patients with DM.CONCLUSION. In the patients studied by us, a clear association was found between a lower vitamin D index in the blood serum and the presence of a history of diabetes. They also showed a tendency to decrease the excretory function of the kidneys and the formation of CKD. Consequently, a full-fledged diagnosis of vitamin D-deficient conditions and timely initiated therapy can prevent or at least slow down the progression of CKD in these patients, which will certainly improve their quality of life and reduce the costs of health services for renal replacement therapy and rehabilitation of this group of patients.

Mineral metabolism

2018 ◽  
pp. 297-329
Author(s):  
Helen E. Turner ◽  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Ashley Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Hypophosphataemic Rickets ◽  
Serum Pth

This chapter discusses skeletal functions and interactions between the endocrine system and the body’s mineral store. It describes minerals like calcium, phosphate, and magnesium’s regulation by hormones like parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, and calcitonin. It also investigates mineral-related disorders, such as hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and hypophosphataemic rickets, describing their relations with serum PTH, symptoms, genetic causes, and treatment options. Separating disorders of phosphate homeostasis into hypophosphataemia, hyperphosphataemia, and chronic kidney disease, this chapter offers clinical advice on treating mineral–hormonal disorders and describes the symptoms and causes of disruptions in mineral homeostasis.

No effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters but on lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jiwoon Kim ◽  
Ji Sun Nam ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Hye Sun Lee ◽  
Jung Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Injection Group ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract. Background/Aims: Trials on the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease patients were underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and metabolic parameters in vitamin D-deficient Korean diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: 92 patients completed this study: the placebo group (A, n = 33), the oral cholecalciferol 1,000 IU/day group (B, n = 34), or the single 200,000 IU injection group (C, n = 25, equivalent to 2,000 IU/day). 52% of the patients had less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 of glomerular filtration rates. Laboratory test and pulse wave velocity were performed before and after supplementation. Results: After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the patients who received vitamin D supplementation were significantly increased (A, -2.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. B, 10.7 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. C, 14.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL; p < 0.001). In addition, the lipid profiles in the vitamin D injection group (C) showed a significant decrease in triglyceride and a rise in HDL cholesterol. However, the other parameters showed no differences. Conclusions: Our data indicated that two different doses and routes of vitamin D administration significantly and safely increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations in vitamin D-deficient diabetes patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease. In the group that received the higher vitamin D dose, the lipid profiles showed significant improvement, but there were no beneficial effects on other metabolic parameters.

FGF23, iron and vitamin D metabolism in chronic kidney disease

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Piec ◽  
Allison Chipchase ◽  
Holly Nicholls ◽  
Jonathan Tang ◽  
Christopher Washbourne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism

Role of Vitamin D in Vascular Complications and Vascular Access Outcome in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 1698-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Santoro ◽  
Vincenzo Pellicanò ◽  
Valeria Cernaro ◽  
Viviana Lacava ◽  
Antonio Lacquaniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Vascular Complications

Vitamin D Metabolism and Potential Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Modulation in Chronic Kidney Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bellasi ◽  
Andrea Galassi ◽  
Michela Mangano ◽  
Luca Di Lullo ◽  
Mario Cozzolino
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Receptor Modulation

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination: From Interesting Agent to the Patient

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Anis Daou
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The vaccination for the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is undergoing its final stages of analysis and testing. It is an impressive feat under the circumstances that we are on the verge of a potential breakthrough vaccination. This will help reduce the stress for millions of people around the globe, helping to restore worldwide normalcy. In this review, the analysis looks into how the new branch of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came into the forefront of the world like a pandemic. This review will break down the details of what COVID-19 is, the viral family it belongs to and its background of how this family of viruses alters bodily functions by attacking vital human respiratory organs, the circulatory system, the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. This review also looks at the process a new drug analogue undergoes, from (i) being a promising lead compound to (ii) being released into the market, from the drug development and discovery stage right through to FDA approval and aftermarket research. This review also addresses viable reasoning as to why the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may have taken much less time than normal in order for it to be released for use.

scholarly journals Vitamin K and D Supplementation and Bone Health in Chronic Kidney Disease—Apart or Together?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Marta Ziemińska ◽  
Beata Sieklucka ◽  
Krystyna Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Combined Supplementation

Vitamin K (VK) and vitamin D (VD) deficiency/insufficiency is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to impaired bone quality and a higher risk of fractures. CKD patients, with disturbances in VK and VD metabolism, do not have sufficient levels of these vitamins for maintaining normal bone formation and mineralization. So far, there has been no consensus on what serum VK and VD levels can be considered sufficient in this particular population. Moreover, there are no clear guidelines how supplementation of these vitamins should be carried out in the course of CKD. Based on the existing results of preclinical studies and clinical evidence, this review intends to discuss the effect of VK and VD on bone remodeling in CKD. Although the mechanisms of action and the effects of these vitamins on bone are distinct, we try to find evidence for synergy between them in relation to bone metabolism, to answer the question of whether combined supplementation of VK and VD will be more beneficial for bone health in the CKD population than administering each of these vitamins separately.

Vitamin D and immune function in chronic kidney disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Cai-Mei Zheng ◽  
Chien-Lin Lu ◽  
Yuh-Feng Lin ◽  
Jia-Fwu Shyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document