Public health in rural Asia II

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Ying Yang Chan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Health

This chapter summarizes the public health status quo in another eight developing Asia–Pacific countries, highlighting the challenges faced to provide empirical background for organizing health and emergency and disaster risk reduction programmes. These are: Mongolia Uls (Republic of Mongolia/Mongolia); Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Myanmar); the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (Nepal); Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Pakistan); the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (PNG); Republic of the Philippines (the Philippines); Kingdom of Thailand (Thailand); and Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam). While Asia hosts the largest population size of the continents, it also presents major health disparities and needs among its rural communities. It remains a challenge to address the multiple health needs and engage in health protection through health promotion in these contexts.

Facilities technology management framework for public health-care institutions in a developing country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Z. Dela Cruz ◽  
Ruth A. Ortega-Dela Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Care Institutions

Purpose This study aims to develop a Facilities technology management framework for public health-care institutions in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach The study used descriptive research design to identify the specifications of the framework via strategic initiatives anchored on efficiency, sustainability, ecological-friendliness and technological innovation. These measures are wrapped into a facilities TM framework which incorporates concepts and practices on risk management, facility management (FM) and TM. Findings Results of the survey of the public HCIs in the Philippines, show high levels of acceptability of proposed measures which identify the technologies, innovations and materials which are in the viable context of public hospital circumstances in the country. Research limitations/implications The findings of this study are limited to the public HCIs in a developing country, and thus cannot be generalized to other HCIs particularly the private institutions. Practical implications The framework seeks to help improve the operational efficiency and sustainability of public HCIs in a developing country like the Philippines. The discussions on TM revolve around the application of TM approaches. Also, the study incorporates discussions on sustainability, technology innovation and the conformity of these with HCI standards, best practices and government requirements. Social implications The study takes into consideration the identification of FM principles and practices that are deemed suitable and applicable for public HCIs in a developing country. This study is intended to develop a TM framework for FM services which is cost-effective but not sacrificing safety, security, employees and the environment. Then the foremost consideration is the perceived suitability of the framework in the public HCI environment. Originality/value This is an original study. It has as its scope the fusion of FM and TM approaches that would help in the identification of challenges, requirements for manpower, processes and technologies (especially, information and communications technolog-based technologies), and a corresponding TM system framework for public HCI facilities in a developing country.

Fiscal woes to stymie South Africa's new health plan

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discussion Document ◽  
Core Issues

Subject Outlook for public health policy in South Africa. Significance Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi released the National Health Insurance (NHI) White Paper on December 11 -- the latest possible date to fulfill his pledge to deliver a plan for universal insurance by end-2015. It represents little progress on the discussion document presented in 2011, leaving core issues unanswered. Impacts The lack of a clear funding plan for the government's ambitious nuclear power expansion will add to fiscal concerns. The public health system will struggle to handle growing incidence of chronic diseases, increasing pressure to find more funding. Social stigmas attached to HIV/AIDS could discourage individuals in traditional rural communities from seeking treatment.

When Stalin's Nations Sang: Writing the Soviet Ukrainian Anthem (1944–1949)

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhy Yekelchyk
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

In February 1944, as the victorious Red Army was preparing to clear the Nazi German forces from the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, a surprise official announcement stunned the population. The radio and the newspapers announced amendments to the Soviet constitution, which would enable the union republics to establish their own armies and maintain diplomatic relations with foreign states. While the Kremlin did not elaborate on the reasons for such a reform, Radianska Ukraina, the republic's official newspaper, proceeded to hail the announcement as “a new step in Ukrainian state building.” Waxing lyrical, the paper wrote that “every son and every daughter of Ukraine” swelled with national pride upon learning of the new rights that had been granted to their republic. In reality, the public was confused. In Ukraine's capital, Kiev, the secret police recorded details of rumors to the effect that the USA and Great Britain had forced this reform on Stalin and that Russians living in Ukraine would be forced to assimilate or to leave the republic. Even some party-appointed propagandists erred in explaining that the change was necessitated by the fact that Ukraine's “borders have widened and [it] will become an independent state.”

Patterns of Health Services Utilization in Rural Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Pong ◽  
M DesMeules ◽  
D Heng ◽  
C Lagacé ◽  
JR Guernsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Public Health Agency ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Public

Canadians value ease of access to their health services. Although many studies have focused on accessibility to health services in Canada, few have examined rural-urban differences in this aspect, particularly from a national perspective. Yet disparities in access to health services exist between rural and urban populations, as do the challenges of delivering health care to more remote areas or to those with small populations. “Canada’s Rural Communities: Understanding Rural Health and Its Determinants” is a three-year research project co-funded by the Canadian Population Health Initiative (CPHI) of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). It involves investigators from the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research (CRaNHR) at Laurentian University, and other researchers. The first publication of the research project was How Healthy Are Rural Canadians? An Assessment of Their Health Status and Health Determinants;Footnote 1a1a this, the second publication, is a descriptive analysis of the utilization patterns of a broad range of health services by rural residents compared to their urban counterparts.

scholarly journals Monsters in our food: Foodborne trematodiasis in the Philippines and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-485
Author(s):  
Jan Clyden B. Tenorio ◽  
◽  
Elizabeth C. Molina ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Foodborne Trematodes

Foodborne trematodiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by zoonotic trematodes that persist mainly in impoverished areas in the Asia-Pacific region. Globally, about 2 million disability life years (DALYs) are lost due to these parasitic infections. Four groups of foodborne trematodes are known to cause significant illness: fish-borne liver fluke infections caused by Opisthorchis and Clonorchis spp.; water vegetable-borne Fasciola spp. infections; crustacean-vectored paragonimiasis; and those caused by intestinal trematodes. In the Philippines, endemic foodborne trematodes of public health concern include Paragonimus westermani, some members of Heterophyidae and Echinostomatidae, and Fasciola hepatica/ F. gigantica. Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis have also been reported in the country. Data on the epidemiology of these zoonotic illnesses remain scarce and in need of research attention in the Philippines. Culturally rooted eating behaviors in endemic areas are important risk factors to acquiring and perpetuating foodborne trematodiasis. The combination of mass drug administration (MDA), provision of clean water and maintenance of good sanitation and hygiene (WASH), community health education towards modification of risky behaviors, surveillance, and veterinary public health interventions have been shown to be effective in combatting these zoonotic parasitoses. An integrated control and prevention program anchored on the One Health paradigm is a must to address these illnesses. This paper aims to review the biology and epidemiology of, and public health interventions against zoonotic foodborne trematodiasis in the Philippines and its neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Monopolizando el derecho a la vida: Un estudio sobre las injusticas del sistema de salud mexicano y cómo otras países latinoamericanos están aborando generaciones de inequidad

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Molina ◽  
Class of 2020
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Health Legislation

El propósito de este estudio es resaltar el efecto de las décadas de inequidad que han sobrecargado al sistema de salud mexicano y por consiguiente, las consecuencias que tienen en los individuos quienes sufren como resultado. A través de la privatización de los sectores públicos en el país, ahora es más difícil que nunca para los ciudadanos mexicanos recibir una de las formas más básicas de derechos humanos: los servicios de salud pública y seguridad social. Y como resultado de esta problemática, las comunidades rurales sufren una gran falta de acceso a los recursos adecuados y como consecuencia nutren las tasas de mortalidad sin precedentes en todas las edades. El gobierno mexicano ha fallado a su gente y esto se puede observar, destaca en informes de agencias como la Medicina Social y la Salud Colectiva de América Latina (LASM / CH) y la Administración de Salud Pública. Sin embargo, a la luz de estas circunstancias, numerosos países latinoamericanos están dando un paso hacia un futuro mejor a medida que buscan aprobar reformas y legislaciones de salud pública más efectivas y eficientes. Esta mejora en base a la atención médica que ha provocado un impulso en la salud de la población mayoritaria. Además, a partir del uso de artículos académicos y datos primarios y secundarios, esta investigación proporcionada tiene como objetivo arrojar luz sobre lo que depara el futuro para la salud pública mexicana. ____________________________________________________________________________   The purpose of this study is to highlight the effects of the decades of inequity that has burdened the Mexican health system and, consequently, the effects it has on the individuals who suffer as a result. Through the privatization of the public sectors in the country, it is now more difficult than ever for Mexican citizens to receive some of the most basic forms of human rights: public health and social security services. And as a result of this problem, rural communities suffer from a great lack of access to adequate resources, and, as a consequence, feed unprecedented mortality rates at all ages. The Mexican government has failed its people, and this can be observed, as it is highlighted in reports from agencies such as Social Medicine and Collective Health of Latin America (LASM/CH) and the Public Health Administration. However, in light of these circumstances, many Latin American countries are taking a step toward a better future, as they seek to pass more effective and efficient public health legislation and reforms. This improvement based on medical care has caused a boost in the health of a majority of the population. In addition, from the use of academic articles, as well as primary and secondary data, this research aimed to shed light on what the future holds for Mexican public health.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Patterns of Scrub Typhus, an Emerging Disease in Bhutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kezang Dorji ◽  
Yoenten Phuentshok ◽  
Tandin Zangpo ◽  
Sithar Dorjee ◽  
Chencho Dorjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Scrub Typhus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Level

Scrub typhus (ST) is a vector-borne rickettsial infection causing acute febrile illness. The re-emergence of ST in the Asia-Pacific region represents a serious public health threat. ST was first detected in Bhutan in 2008. However, the disease is likely to be under-diagnosed and under-reported, and the true impact is difficult to estimate. At the end of 2014, the SD Bioline Tsutsugamushi TestTM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits became available in all hospitals to assist clinicians in diagnosing ST. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study, reviewing records from all hospitals of Bhutan to identify all RDT-positive clinical cases of ST in Bhutan in 2015. The aim was to evaluate the burden of ST in Bhutan, describe the demographic, spatial and temporal patterns of disease, and identify the typical clinical presentations. The annual incidence of RDT-positive cases of ST reporting to Bhutanese hospitals in 2015 was estimated to be 62 per 100,000 population at risk. The incidence of disease was highest in the southern districts with a subtropical climate and a high level of agricultural production. The highest proportion of cases (87%) was rural residents, with farmers being the main occupational category. The disease was strongly seasonal, with 97% of cases occurring between June and November, coinciding with the monsoon and agricultural production seasons. Common ST symptoms were not specific, and an eschar was noted by clinicians in only 7.4% of cases, which is likely to contribute to an under-diagnosis of ST. ST represents an important and neglected burden, especially in rural communities in Bhutan. The outcomes of this study will inform public health measures such as timely-awareness programmes for clinicians and the public in high-risk areas, to improve the diagnosis, treatment and clinical outcomes of this disease.

scholarly journals Major health service transformation and the public voice: conflict, challenge or complicity?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P Martin ◽  
Pam Carter ◽  
Mike Dent
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Function

Objectives Calls for major reconfigurations of health services have been accompanied by recommendations that wide ranging stakeholders be involved. In particular, patients and the wider public are seen as critical contributors as both funders and beneficiaries of public health care. But public involvement is fraught with challenges, and little research has focused on involvement in the health service transformation initiatives. This paper examines the design and function of public involvement in reconfiguration of health services within the English NHS. Methods Qualitative data including interviews, observation and documents were collected in two health service ‘transformation’ programmes; interviews include involved public and professional participants. Data were analysed using parallel deductive and inductive approaches. Results Public involvement in the programmes was extensive but its terms of reference, and the individuals involved, were restricted by policy pressures and programme objectives. The degree to which participants descriptively or substantively represented the wider public was limited; participants sought to ‘speak for’ this public but their views on what was ‘acceptable’ and likely to influence decision-making led them to constrain their contributions. Conclusions Public involvement in two major service reconfiguration programmes in England was seen as important and functional, and could not be characterized as tokenistic. Yet involvement in these programmes fell short of normative ideals, and could inadvertently reduce, rather than enlarge, public influence on health service reconfiguration decisions.

scholarly journals Civil-Military Engagement During Public Health Emergencies: A Comparative Analysis of Domestic Responses to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Boland ◽  
Rob Grace ◽  
Josiah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Military Engagement ◽  
Policy Guidance

Abstract Background Despite the central role that domestic militaries regularly play in supporting civilian disease outbreak responses, the dynamics of domestic civil-military engagement (CME) during major health emergencies remain largely under-explored in public health, humanitarian, and security literatures. Previous research has found, furthermore, that existing international and domestic civil-military guidelines hold limited relevance during public health emergencies, including epidemics and pandemics, currently evidenced by the observable lack of coherence and high variance in both international and domestic military approaches to supporting COVID-19 responses worldwide. Methods This article presents a comparative analysis of three of these approaches—in China, the United Kingdom, and the Philippines—and maps these countries’ military contributions to the COVID-19 response across a number of domains. Results Analysis of these case studies provides important insights into the ways that CME exists in unacknowledged contexts and forms; how militaries, particularly domestic forces acting as first responders, play an important role in major health crisis contexts; the confusion surrounding how to understand various non-military armed and security actors; and how pandemics, in particular—and other types of largescale health emergencies more broadly—represent a unique domain for CME that tests both the international system and international norms. Conclusion This paper concludes with policy, guidance development, and research recommendations for improved practice for localised CME during public health emergencies.

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