Breast

2021 ◽  
pp. 565-582
Author(s):  
Ali Kubba
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Breast Pain ◽  
Breast Awareness ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

This chapter begins with a short introduction to the role of the breast complaint in a gynaecological setting, and how nurses can encourage breast awareness and participation in screening programmes. It then goes on to cover breast pain (mastalgia), various benign breast conditions, and breast history and examination. It describes screening and diagnosis of breast disease, the current clinical picture and treatment options for breast cancer, alongside associated risk factors and prevention.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Tumor Microenvironment: Key Players in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Immunomodulation

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Hongmei Zheng ◽  
Sumit Siddharth ◽  
Sheetal Parida ◽  
Xinhong Wu ◽  
Dipali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and is highly related to immunomodulation. As we know, the most effective approach to treat TNBC so far is still chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling; therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the relationship between chemotherapy-induced TME changes and TNBC immunomodulation. In this review, we focus on the immunosuppressive and immunoreactive role of TME in TNBC immunomodulation and the contribution of TME constituents to TNBC subtype classification. Further, we also discuss the role of chemotherapy-induced TME remodeling in modulating TNBC immune response and tumor progression with emphasis on DAMPs-associated molecules including high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), exosomes, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), which may provide us with new clues to explore effective combined treatment options for TNBC.

Abstract PS1-54: Risk factors for lymph node metastasis and the role of SLNB in microinvasive breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pill Sun Paik ◽  
Min Kyung Cho ◽  
Juneyoung Ahn ◽  
Chang Ik Yoon ◽  
Tae-Kyung Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Microinvasive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Growth hormone-binding protein is directly and IGFBP-3 is inversely associated with risk of female breast cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Pazaitou-Panayiotou ◽  
Theodore Kelesidis ◽  
Iosif Kelesidis ◽  
Athina Kaprara ◽  
Jennifer Blakeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Igfbp 3

Objective: Several components of the GH and IGF systems have been implicated in the development of malignancies. All components of these hormonal systems have never been jointly evaluated in female breast cancer, and previous studies have not examined the role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6) or GH-binding protein (GHBP). Design: Hospital-based case–control study. Methods: In this sample of primarily postmenopausal women, we obtained serum measures of IGF-I, IGF-II, and binding proteins IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6, as well as GHBP, insulin, and leptin from 74 breast cancer cases and 76 control subjects. Results: In crude analyses, we found lower age-standardized mean IGF-I, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6, and higher IGFBP-1 and GHBP in breast cancer cases when compared with controls. Multivariate models mutually adjusted for other GH–IGF system components and classical breast cancer risk factors demonstrated an inverse association between IGFBP-3 and risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.2, P < 0.01) and a direct association between GHBP and disease risk (OR = 3.3, P < 0.01). No significant associations were detected in multivariate analyses among IGF-I, IGF-II or IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6 with risk of breast cancer, indicating that these factors may not have effects independent of and/or comparable with IGFBP-3 and GHBP. Conclusions: These results support a protective role of IGFBP-3 and demonstrate for the first time an increased risk of breast cancer with higher GHBP, after accounting for variation in IGFs, IGFBPs, and classical breast cancer risk factors.

Osteopathic considerations in pneumonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Taner B. Celebi ◽  
Jeffrey Muller ◽  
Michael J. Terzella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Pneumonia contributed to nearly 3 million deaths worldwide in 2016 and 56,000 deaths in the United States alone in 2017, and as such, it is imperative for physicians to understand the causes, subtypes, associated risk factors and treatment options. This article will address each of these, as well as special consideration for the osteopathic approach to care.

Breast disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 663-676
Author(s):  
Chantal Simon ◽  
Hazel Everitt ◽  
Françoise van Dorp ◽  
Nazia Hussain ◽  
Emma Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Benign Breast Disease ◽  
Breast Disease

This chapter in the Oxford Handbook of General Practice explores breast disease in general practice. It covers breast symptoms, benign breast disease, breast cancer screening, risk factors for breast cancer, and diagnosis and care for breast cancer.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and breast cancer: Risk factors and the role of inflammation and endocrine function

Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (14) ◽  
pp. 3181-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Brown ◽  
Amy R. Murphy ◽  
Chloe S. Lalonde ◽  
Preeti D. Subhedar ◽  
Andrew H. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
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