Nursing patients with pain

2009 ◽  
pp. 787-812
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions

Definition and overview of pain788 Acute pain790 Chronic pain792 Pain assessment794 Pain assessment tools796 Methods of relieving pain800 Issues relating to drug use in pain control802 Non-pharmacological interventions to manage pain804 Complementary therapies for pain relief806...

2022 ISFM Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Acute Pain in Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-30
Author(s):  
Paulo V Steagall ◽  
Sheilah Robertson ◽  
Bradley Simon ◽  
Leon N Warne ◽  
Yael Shilo-Benjamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Analgesic Drugs

Practical relevance: Increases in cat ownership worldwide mean more cats are requiring veterinary care. Illness, trauma and surgery can result in acute pain, and effective management of pain is required for optimal feline welfare (ie, physical health and mental wellbeing). Validated pain assessment tools are available and pain management plans for the individual patient should incorporate pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Preventive and multimodal analgesia, including local anaesthesia, are important principles of pain management, and the choice of analgesic drugs should take into account the type, severity and duration of pain, presence of comorbidities and avoidance of adverse effects. Nursing care, environmental modifications and cat friendly handling are likewise pivotal to the pain management plan, as is a team approach, involving the cat carer. Clinical challenges: Pain has traditionally been under-recognised in cats. Pain assessment tools are not widely implemented, and signs of pain in this species may be subtle. The unique challenges of feline metabolism and comorbidities may lead to undertreatment of pain and the development of peripheral and central sensitisation. Lack of availability or experience with various analgesic drugs may compromise effective pain management. Evidence base: These Guidelines have been created by a panel of experts and the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM) based on the available literature and the authors’ experience. They are aimed at general practitioners to assist in the assessment, prevention and management of acute pain in feline patients, and to provide a practical guide to selection and dosing of effective analgesic agents.

Acute Pain Management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Postoperative Setting

Age-appropriate pain assessment and management is vital in the care of children with acute pain. Pain in children should be routinely and regularly assessed, documented, treated and reassessed with clear documentation. Poor pain management in the acute and postoperative setting can result in both short- and long-term consequences. The most effective analgesia plans are multimodal. This chapter focuses on the variety of treatment options for pain in the acute setting. Topics covered include age-appropriate pain assessment tools for children; the basics of age-appropriate pain management in children; as well as the role of opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and patient-controlled analgesia in acute and postoperative pain management in children.

Considerations for neonatal and pediatric pain management

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 1511-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Shah ◽  
Anita Siu
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
Unique Challenge

Abstract Purpose Current literature and clinical practice guidelines on pediatric pain management are reviewed. Summary Acute pain is commonly present in neonatal and pediatric patients due to underlying disease states or procedures. Especially in institutions with limited pediatric pain services, it is imperative to describe the appropriate management of pain and pharmacotherapy options that are effective and safe in pediatric patients. Despite the knowledge of pain being an important aspect in the management of children, barriers exist, leading to suboptimal treatment. Addressing these barriers through education of healthcare practitioners, families, and patients will lead to optimizing the patient pain experience. Tools for pain assessment vary depending on the type of pain, the child’s age and understanding of pain, and the clinical situation. Pharmacotherapy options for pain management in neonates and pediatric patients include opioid and nonopioid agents. Efficacy and safety data on the use of medications for the treatment of pain in pediatric patients is described. The delivery of medication encompasses patient-specific factors and preferences. Strategies for opioid stewardship and management of iatrogenic withdrawal pose a unique challenge in pediatric patients. Conclusion The management of acute pain in neonates and pediatric patients should be a priority for all practitioners caring for these patients. Use of age-appropriate pain assessment tools and understanding of the mechanisms of action and roles in therapy of various nonopioid and opioid therapies can help optimize treatment of pain in neonatal and pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Perioperative Pain Management: Present outlook

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Javaid A Zargar ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Lone
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
Developed World

The individuals rights in the United States, and the rise of democratic states, has created an environment in which individual pursuit of better health care, including pain relief, became explicit goals in the civilized world. The 'right to pain relief' has now multidimensional foundations in the developed world. Knowingly, acute pain is a universal phenomenon. All emergency and elective surgery, severe medical illness, trauma, childbirth, burns, natural calamities, war and torture, all contribute to its burden. In many countries political conflict, social dislocation, and inadequate availability of analgesics conspire to make the relief of acute pain sporadic at best. Effective and efficient pain control, however, is an ethical responsibility and moral obligation of a caring physician, whether working in the developed or developing world . JMS 2011;14(1):1-3

Pain in children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wager ◽  
Boris Zernikow
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Specialized Service ◽  
Pain Patients

Pain management in children is a specialized service. Pain aetiology, assessment, and treatment vary at every age from pre-term foetuses at 23 weeks gestation to adolescence. In this chapter of European Pain Management advances in our understanding of pain assessment are reviewed, particularly in the use of developmentally relevant technology. Advances in acute pain, cancer pain, and in chronic pain are also reviewed, with a special focus on innovations in multidisciplinary treatments for chronic pain. There is a need to raise awareness and understanding of the needs of paediatric pain patients, and their family members. Education for all professionals who interact with pain patients is essential, as is the need to invest in specialized pain management services, and professionals, across Europe.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Quality of Chronic Pain: A Preliminary Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gagliese ◽  
Ronald Melzack
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mcgill Pain Questionnaire ◽  
Age Related

BACKGROUND: Recent studies of the relationship between age and the intensity of chronic pain report increases, decreases or no change in pain intensity as a function of age. These inconsistencies may be due in part to the pain assessment tools employed and their appropriateness with different age groups.OBJECTIVES: To assess age differences in chronic pain by using several measures of pain intensity and a multidimensional measure of pain qualities in the same sample; to assess the consistency of pain intensity estimates obtained from different scales within age groups; to determine whether the failure rates for appropriately completing the scale (such as choosing more than one descriptor or making more than one mark on the Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) differ among age groups.SUBJECTS: Seventy-nine adults aged 27 to 79 years with chronic arthritis pain.MEASUREMENTS: The unidimensional pain intensity scales used were the VAS, the Verbal Descriptor Scale and the Behavioural Rating Scale. The multidimensional pain scale used was the short form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). The Beck Depression Inventory was also administered.RESULTS: Age-related decreases were found in the sensory and affective dimensions of chronic pain as measured with the SF-MPQ. No age differences in pain intensity were measured with any of the unidimensional scales. These results were maintained after controlling for the effects of concurrent depressive symptomatology. Pain intensity estimates differed within groups, with verbal descriptors yielding the most consistent estimates in the elderly group. The elderly were significantly more likely to fail on the VAS than younger subjects. There were no age differences on any other measure.CONCLUSIONS: There may be age-related changes in the quality but not in the intensity of chronic arthritis pain. Implications for clinical pain assessment in the elderly are discussed.

scholarly journals Post – operative analgesia in patients under thoracotomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Evangelos Giavasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Postoperative Pain Control ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Respiratory Physiotherapy

The thoracotomy is one of the most painful surgery operations, and the final outcome is directly associated with the postoperative pain control, because it allows quick mobilization, intense respiratory physiotherapy and reduces postoperative morbidity. Unfortunately, patients under thoracotomy, incur a significant risk of chronic pain. Although there are guidelines for the management of post-operative pain relief in these patients, however there is no widespread surgical or anesthetic "gold standard."  In the present article it has been investigated the current literature related to the proposed therapies and other interventions that were recommended for  post-operative pain relief  after thoracotomy. The treatment of chronic pain after thoracotomy is difficult and includes physical rehabilitation techniques and multimodal approach. More and more researchers support that minimization of acute post-operative pain is the best method so as to avoid, prevent or reduce post- thoracotomy pain syndrome.

scholarly journals Cancer pain assessment and management in ambulatory patients at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Akua A. Abruquah ◽  
Robert P. Biney ◽  
Ernest B. Osei-Bonsu ◽  
Kofi M. Boamah ◽  
Eric Woode
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cancer Pain Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Medications

Background: Adequate cancer pain assessment using valid and reliable pain assessment tools is essential for effective cancer pain management. This study evaluated the common types, effectiveness as well as adherence to prescribed analgesics in oncology outpatients in a tertiary oncology centre in Ghana.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 204 oncology outpatients with different confirmed cancer diagnosis attending clinic at the Oncology Directorate of a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana. The research instruments used were the medical folders of patients, a hospital-based electronic drug database system; hospital administration management systems (HAMS) and the Brief Pain Inventory Long-Form (BPI-LF).Results: More than half (63.7%) of the participants reported moderate pain, 37.8% received opioid analgesics: 31.4% strong opioids and 6.4% weak opioids. Less than one-fourth (21.6%) had complete pain relief and 18.1% felt they needed a stronger pain medication. A little more than one-fourth (28.4%) of participants took their pain medications 1-2 times per day. Almost half (45.6%) of participants did not experience side effects from taking pain medications and 27.9% needed more information about their pain medications.Conclusions: Enhancing effective cancer symptom management approaches in healthcare practitioners and incorporating existing knowledge and guidelines on cancer pain management into routine clinical practice should be done to enhance efficient pain relief. 

scholarly journals Balancing Knowledge Among Resident Specialties: Lecture-Based Training and the OUCH Card to Treat Children's Pain

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Saroyan ◽  
William S. Schechter ◽  
Mary Ellen Tresgallo ◽  
Adrienne G. Pica ◽  
Matthew D. Erlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Pediatric Pain ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Children's Pain ◽  
Resident Learning

Abstract Background There are well-established deficiencies in residents' knowledge of acute-pain assessment and treatment in hospitalized children. Methods Among residents in 3 specialties (anesthesiology, orthopedics, and pediatrics), we investigated whether a pediatric pain management (PPM) curriculum that offered a lecture combined with a demonstration of how to use the OUCH card would yield higher performance on a subsequent PPM knowledge assessment. The OUCH card was created as a portable reference tool for trainees to provide analgesic dosing information, pain-assessment tools, and treatment of opioid-induced adverse effects. There was an initial convenience sample of 60 residents randomized to Form A or B of the pretest. From this, 39 residents (15 anesthesiology, 13 orthopedic, 11 pediatric) completed a PPM knowledge posttest approximately 4 weeks after the pretest, PPM lecture, and OUCH card instruction. Results Using a repeated measure design, the interaction of resident specialty and pretest to posttest scores was significant (P  =  .01) along with the covariate of residency year (P  =  .026). Conclusions These preliminary data based on a convenience sample of residents suggest that PPM training along with use of the OUCH card may help to reduce knowledge differences among residents. Faculty whose clinical practice includes children with acute pain should consider including learning or performance aids like the OUCH card in education and clinical care for its potential benefit in resident learning.

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