scholarly journals Perioperative Pain Management: Present outlook

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Javaid A Zargar ◽  
Abdul Qayoom Lone
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
The Right ◽  
Developed World

The individuals rights in the United States, and the rise of democratic states, has created an environment in which individual pursuit of better health care, including pain relief, became explicit goals in the civilized world. The 'right to pain relief' has now multidimensional foundations in the developed world. Knowingly, acute pain is a universal phenomenon. All emergency and elective surgery, severe medical illness, trauma, childbirth, burns, natural calamities, war and torture, all contribute to its burden. In many countries political conflict, social dislocation, and inadequate availability of analgesics conspire to make the relief of acute pain sporadic at best. Effective and efficient pain control, however, is an ethical responsibility and moral obligation of a caring physician, whether working in the developed or developing world . JMS 2011;14(1):1-3

Implications for a Deeply Divided United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Abrajano ◽  
Zoltan L. Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Racial Tension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clear Majority

This conclusion summarizes the book's main findings and considers their implications for the areas of race, immigration, and American politics. The results confirm the important role that immigration plays in American politics and also highlight the enduring though shifting role of race in the nation. Where African Americans once dominated the political calculus of white Americans, Latinos appear more likely to do so today. The movement of so many white Americans to the right has wide-ranging ramifications for both the future balance of partisanship and likely trajectory of race relations in the country. With a clear majority of the white population now leaning towards the Republican Party and a clear majority of the minority population now favoring the Democratic Party, political conflict in the United States is increasingly likely to be synonymous with racial conflict—a pattern that threatens ever-greater racial tension.

The Nature of Partisan Conflict in Public Opinion: Asymmetric or Symmetric?

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Maria Narayani Lasala Blanco ◽  
Robert Y. Shapiro ◽  
Joy Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Partisan Conflict ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shed Light

What are the dynamics of partisan conflict in the mass public in the United States? Has this conflict been driven by Republicans moving to the right across a wide range of issues, or have Democrats contributed to this as well? Have these changes been symmetric, occurring for both sides, or asymmetric, occurring for just one side? Understanding how the partisan gaps have widened may shed light on potential prospects for reversing extreme political conflict in public opinion. This paper examines this question with an analysis of opinion trend data over the last 40 years. It includes an original analysis of these trends among racial and ethnic groups. We find that symmetric partisan changes have only occurred among whites. Overall partisan differences have been less for Blacks and Hispanics than for whites.

scholarly journals Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Perioperative Pain Management of Geriatric Patients with Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hao-yang Wan ◽  
Su-yi Li ◽  
Wei Ji ◽  
Bin Yu ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Perioperative Pain Management ◽  
Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block

Background. With continuous increase of the aging population, the number of geriatric patients with fragility hip fractures is rising sharply, and timely surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. However, adequate and effective pain control is the precondition of satisfactory efficacy. This systematic review aimed to summarize the use of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) as an analgesic strategy for perioperative pain management in geriatric patients with hip fractures. Methods. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for English published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting application of FICB for pain control of the older adults with hip fractures between January 1st, 2000, and May 31st, 2020. The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate quality of the RCTs included. Primary outcomes of the eligible RCTs were presented and discussed. Results. A total of 27 RCTs with 2478 cases were included finally. The present outcomes suggested, after admission or in the emergency department (ED), FICB can provide patients with equal or even better pain relief compared with the conventional analgesia methods, which can also reduce additional analgesic consumptions. While, before positioning for spinal anesthesia (SA), FICB is able to offer superior pain control, facilitating SA performance, after surgery FICB can effectively alleviate pain with decreased use of additional analgesics, promoting earlier mobilization and preventing complications. Conclusions. FICB is a safe, reliable, and easy-to-conduct technique, which is able to provide adequate pain relief during perioperative management of geriatric patients with hip fractures.

Technologies of Expertise: Opioids and Pain Management’s Credibility Crisis

2022 ◽  
pp. 000312242110695
Author(s):  
Jane Pryma
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
The Right

Journalistic accounts of the opioid crisis often paint prescription opioids as the instrument of profit-minded pharmaceutical companies who enlisted pain specialists to overprescribe addictive drugs. Broadening beyond a focus on pharmaceutical power, this article offers a comparative-historical explanation, rooted in inter- and intra-professional dynamics, of the global increase in rates of opioid prescribing. Through archival analysis and in-depth interviews with pain specialists and public-health officials in the United States and France, I explain how and why opioids emerged as the “right tool for the job” of pain relief in the 1980s and 1990s, affecting how pain science is produced, pain management is administered, and a right to pain relief is promised in different national contexts. I argue that opioids, selected and destigmatized as the technology for pain relief, helped establish a global network of pain expertise, linking a fledgling field of pain specialists to the resources of global-health governance, public-health administration, humanitarian organizations, and pharmaceutical companies. I then compare how U.S. and French pain specialists leveraged opioids to strengthen the boundaries of their emergent fields. Pain specialists’ differing degrees of autonomy in each country’s network of pain expertise shaped the extent to which opioids could dominate pain management and lead to crisis. Tracing the relationship between opioids and pain expertise, I show how technologies can drive crises of expert credibility if and when they escape the control of the networked fields that selected them.

Nursing patients with pain

2009 ◽  
pp. 787-812
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions

Definition and overview of pain788 Acute pain790 Chronic pain792 Pain assessment794 Pain assessment tools796 Methods of relieving pain800 Issues relating to drug use in pain control802 Non-pharmacological interventions to manage pain804 Complementary therapies for pain relief806...

Preoperative Management of Tobacco

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-208
Author(s):  
Heath B. McAnally
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Past Half

Despite significant reductions in prevalence in the United States over the past half-century, smoking (and the use of other tobacco products) continues to constitute the most common chemical dependency (aside from caffeine, perhaps) and the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. It is well documented that the use of tobacco products increases overall health risks and, in the context of this work, perioperative complications. Less well recognized but also supported by the literature is an independent association with chronic pain in general after adjusting for common comorbid health risks, and also with worsened postoperative pain control. Conversely, there is evidence that preoperative tobacco cessation results in substantial improvements in outcomes. This chapter briefly reviews basic and clinical science underpinning these phenomena, the descriptive epidemiology and available outcomes data pertinent to the issue, and what the current literature has to say about preoperative tobacco cessation and support, both biologic/pharmacologic and behavioral. Recognizing the complex issues surrounding tobacco use, the chapter highlights the importance of both motivational enhancement and habit alteration.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance Reform, Regulatory Politics, and the Foundations of Finance Capitalism in the United States and Germany

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Cioffi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Corporate Governance Reform ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Regulatory Politics ◽  
Finance Capitalism

Since 1990, both the U.S. and Germany have substantially reformed their corporate governance regimes as part of an emerging paradigm of international finance capitalism increasingly dependent on securities markets and private shareholding. Corporate governance reform and the emergence of finance capitalism, however, present a double paradox. First, the development of financial markets and the increasing importance of market relations, often linked to the diminution of state power, have been accompanied by a substantial and ongoing expansion of law and regulatory capacity into the private sphere to boost shareholder protections. Second, center-left parties in both countries took advantage of economic crises to press for pro-shareholder reforms against center-right opposition allied with managerial elites. This article explains these developments by analyzing reform processes in United States and Germany over the past decade. It argues that changing economic conditions empowered reformist state actors, and that they have played a central and largely autonomous role in driving the substantial institutional change underway in contemporary capitalism. The analysis also suggests that political conflict over corporate governance is likely to intensify, on the right and the left, as it impinges on the basic allocation of power within corporations and thus the political economy.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

Late-onset malignant glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ramiro José Daud ◽  
Horacio Freile ◽  
Mauricio Freile ◽  
Soledad Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Slit Lamp Examination ◽  
Complete Occlusion ◽  
Malignant Glaucoma ◽  
The Right

A case report on a 49-year-old female with diagnoses of ocular hypertension in her left eye (LE) treated with 250 mg/day acetazolamide for 2 years. During the slit-lamp examination, complete occlusion of both iridocorneal angles was detected. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 10 and 35 mmHg in the right eye and LE, respectively. Phacotrabeculectomy was performed in the LE. After 1 month of the procedure, the patient developed a slowly progressive miopization from −1 to −3 diopters (D) the following months. Approximately 3 months after surgery, the patient developed an episode of acute pain, athalamia, and IOP 45 mmHg in her LE. Late-onset malignant glaucoma was suspected and the patient was treated with topical hypotensive and cycloplegic agent until a prompt vitrectomy was performed. Deepening of the anterior chamber and restoration of IOP to normal range was obtained after surgery.

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

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