Sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhoea)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn Wood ◽  
Marilyn Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Female Genital

Gonorrhoea is the term used to describe the clinical manifestations of infection with the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative diplococcus which usually infects the columnar epithelium of mucous membranes, including the lower male and female genital tracts, the rectum, the pharynx, and the conjunctivae. Transmission is by direct exposure of a mucous membrane to infected secretions, classically via sexual contact. Those who are most at risk of infection include younger age groups (15–29 years), inner-city residents, ethnic minority groups, and men who have sex with men. This chapter discusses the etiology, symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, demographics, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of gonorrhoea.

scholarly journals Performance of the Abbott Real Time CT/NG assay in urines and cervico-vaginal samples from Senegal

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 898-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna B Gueye ◽  
Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye ◽  
Aliou Gningue ◽  
Ousseynou Ndiaye ◽  
Abdou S Mbengue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in Senegal and worldwide. Molecular techniques have become the standard for their detection, and due to the frequency of co-infections, these tests can detect both agents and can be used on urine samples, vaginal swabs, or endocervical samples. In developing countries, the use of these molecular techniques is very limited and there is a need for evaluations of these techniques to be done. Methodology: A total of 181 samples were tested with the Abbott RealTime CT/NG assay and compared with the Roche Cobas Amplicor CT/NG assay. Specimens were collected from the key population of men having sex with men (urine, n = 60), female sex workers (genital swabs, n = 60) and from women visiting the laboratory for a gynecological checkup (urine, n = 60 and endocervical samples, n = 61). Results: The agreement between the two techniques was 98.90% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.98. A sensitivity of 93.3%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 93.3% were found for both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Conclusion: These results showed that both methods are similar and suitable for the detection of CT/NG in all types of samples examined in this study.

Prophylaxis of genital prolapse in women in the late postpartum period

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S.I. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
E.A. Budchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Genital Prolapse ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Vaginal Cones

The article describes genital prolapse as a pathology of female genital organs. The factors leading to the occurrence of genital prolapse in women of different age groups are presented. Clinical manifestations and mechanisms of their occurrence are substantiated. Considered variants of treatment of women with genital prolapse of various degrees of severity. Illumination of the data of our research of the method of prophylaxis of genital prolapse in the late postpartum period with the help of Corelax vaginal cones. Key words: genital prolapse, rectocele, pelvic floor, connective tissue, vaginal cones.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Attachment: Microcolony Development, Cortical Plaque Formation, and Cytoprotection

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 4743-4753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin L. Higashi ◽  
Shaun W. Lee ◽  
Aurelie Snyder ◽  
Nathan J. Weyand ◽  
Antony Bakke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Twitching Motility ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Live Cell Microscopy ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the bacterium that causes gonorrhea, a major sexually transmitted disease and a significant cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission. The retactile N. gonorrhoeae type IV pilus (Tfp) mediates twitching motility and attachment. Using live-cell microscopy, we reveal for the first time the dynamics of twitching motility by N. gonorrhoeae in its natural environment, human epithelial cells. Bacteria aggregate into microcolonies on the cell surface and induce a massive remodeling of the microvillus architecture. Surprisingly, the microcolonies are motile, and they fuse to form progressively larger structures that undergo rapid reorganization, suggesting that bacteria communicate with each other during infection. As reported, actin plaques form beneath microcolonies. Here, we show that cortical plaques comigrate with motile microcolonies. These activities are dependent on pilT, the Tfp retraction locus. Cultures infected with a pilT mutant have significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells than cultures infected with the wild-type strain. Inducing pilT expression with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside partially rescues cells from infection-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that Tfp retraction is intrinsically cytoprotective for the host. Tfp-mediated attachment is therefore a continuum of microcolony motility and force stimulation of host cell signaling, leading to a cytoprotective effect.

CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN A CIRCUMSCRIBED COMMUNITY DURING AN EPIDEMIC OF ECHO 9 INFECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Martha Lipson Lepow ◽  
David H. Carver ◽  
Frederick C. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Inapparent Infection ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Echo Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Group B

A clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory study was undertaken in a housing development during an epidemic of illness due to ECHO virus, type 9. The clinical manifestations varied with age. The younger children exhibited an exanthem while older persons frequently had evidence of irritation of the central nervous system. Multiple cases occurred within families, with the incidence of illness highest in the younger age groups. No serious consequences of the illness were seen. Echo 9 virus was recovered with greater frequency from the intestinal contents of young children with illness than from ill adults, although serologic evidence of recent infection in these adults could be demonstrated. The rate of inapparent infection with ECHO 9 virus was low. Virus rarely persisted in the feces beyond 14 days after onset of illness. Group B Coxsackie viruses, type 4 and type 5, were found also to be the cause of many infections within the same population at the same time. Illnesses due to these viruses were similar to those due to ECHO 9 virus, except that no eruption was observed. The rate of inapparent infection was higher than that observed with ECHO 9 virus. Simultaneous infection with ECHO 9 virus and Coxsackie B4 or B5 virus was rare.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatitis A Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Krakow, Poland; February 2017–February 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 155798831989514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Raczyńska ◽  
Nimmi Nimesha Wickramasuriya ◽  
Anna Kalinowska-Nowak ◽  
Aleksander Garlicki ◽  
Monika Bociąga-Jasik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Acute Retroviral Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Acute Hepatitis A ◽  
Sex With Men

Since February 2017 in Poland, an increasing number of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases have been reported; a noteworthy increase to 3,072 cases of AHA in 2017 compared to 35 cases in 2016 was reported by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic features, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and sexually transmitted coinfections. All cases of AHA diagnosed between February 2017 and February 2018 at the University Hospital in Krakow were analyzed. A total of 119 cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) were reported; 105 (88%) were males and 14 (12%) were females, with a mean age 31 years (range 19–62). In 84 patients (71%), the HAV was transmitted by oral–anal sexual contact between men. Six women were infected by close house contact with men infected with HAV. The route of transmission was not identified for 29 cases, and 88 patients (74%) required hospitalization. Among the cases, the following coinfections were already diagnosed: HIV 36 patients (30%), chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) 4 patients (3%), and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) 2 patients (1.5%). During AHA diagnosis, some new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were detected; syphilis eight patients (6.7%), HIV/syphilis seven patients (6%), HIV//HCV/syphilis one patient, and acute retroviral syndrome/ Shigella flexneri one patient. Overall, AHA outbreak in Poland in 2017 affected primarily men who have sex with men (MSM) and was connected with oral–anal sexual contacts, and the majority of patients did not have HAV vaccination. These results show a clear need for routinely offering HAV vaccination to at-risk populations and that awareness among health-care workers about HAV sexual transmission may help introduce prevention methods.

scholarly journals Extragenital Screening Is Essential for Comprehensive Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Pediatric Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Uprety ◽  
Ana María Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the two most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Studies in adults, mostly in men who have sex with men, have shown that the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections is much higher in extragenital sources compared to urogenital sources. A similar large sample of data on the burden of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections by anatomic site is lacking in children. We retrospectively analyzed data from 655 patients tested for C. trachomatis (887 specimens) and N. gonorrhoeae (890 specimens) at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. We restricted the analysis to include patients between 2 and 17 years of age that had all three sources (urine, oropharynx, and rectum) collected at the same visit. The final data set included specimens from all three sources from 148 and 154 patients for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, respectively. Specimens were tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae using a Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 assay. The burden of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infection was significantly higher in the 14- to 17-year age group (24.7%, P = 0.041; 25.8%; P = 0.001) compared to the 10- to 13-year (5.9%; 5.6%), 6- to 9-year (4.6%; 4.6%), and 2- to 5-year (8.3%; 0%) age groups, respectively. The positivity rate for C. trachomatis was highest for rectal (16.2%), followed by urine (5.4%) and oropharyngeal (0.7%) sites. The positivity rate for N. gonorrhoeae was highest for rectal sites (10.4%), followed by oropharyngeal (9.7%) and urine (1.9%) sites. The source with highest diagnostic yield is rectum for C. trachomatis and rectum and oropharynx for N. gonorrhoeae. Hence, extragenital screening is critical for the comprehensive detection of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in the pediatric population.

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