Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Widely recognised as the standard text for trainee psychiatrists, the Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry stands head and shoulders above the competition. Honed over five editions it displays a rare fluency, authority and insight, and it makes the process of assimilating information as smooth and enjoyable as possible. The resource provides an introduction to all the clinical topics required by the trainee psychiatrist, including all the sub-specialties and major psychiatric conditions. Throughout, the authors emphasize the basic clinical skills required for the full assessment and understanding of the patient. Discussion of treatment includes not only scientific evidence, but also practical problems in the management of patients their family and social context. It emphasizes an evidence-based approach to practice and gives full attention to ethical and legal issues. Introductory chapters focus on recognition of signs and symptoms, classification and diagnosis, psychiatric assessment, and aetiology. Further chapters deal with all the major psychiatric syndromes as well as providing detailed coverage of pharmacological and psychological treatments. It also gives equal prominence to ICD and DSM classification - often with direct comparisons.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Walter Glannon
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Assisted Suicide ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Autonomous Agency ◽  
The Brain

This Introduction describes the book as an analysis and discussion of questions at the intersection of psychiatry, philosophy and law that have arisen from advances in psychiatric research and practice in the last 30 years. After pointing out the extent to which mental illness constitutes the global burden of disease, it outlines a paradigm for major psychiatric conditions as diseases of the brain and mind consisting in a biopsychosocial model in which the DSM-5 and RDoC are complementary frameworks. The Introduction explains psychiatric disorders as disorders of consciousness, memory and will, examines invasive and non-invasive treatments for them, how these treatments affect autonomous agency and the obligations of researchers to subjects participating in psychiatric research. In addition, it explores ethical and legal issues in brain interventions for psychopathy, arguments for and against euthanasia and assisted suicide for psychiatric disorders and how to prevent them.

Ethical and legal issues

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Time ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Safety Communication ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Initial Reading

This task assesses the following clinical skills: … ● Patient safety ● Communication with patients ● Information gathering ● Applied clinical knowledge … You are working alongside your consultant in the termination of pregnancy clinic and have just seen 15- year- old Chantelle Briar who has come with her friend requesting a termination of pregnancy. She insists she has a surgical termination of pregnancy as she does not want to have any pain during the procedure. Please take the appropriate consent for the procedure. You have 10 minutes for this task. (+ 2mins initial reading time). This station assesses the candidate’s ability to consent and their understanding of the important principles of Gillick/ Fraser competence and the issues surrounding Jehovah’s witness. Please do not interrupt them. You are Chantelle Briar, 15- year- old and attending the clinic requesting termination of pregnancy. You are in the High school and are preparing for your GCSEs. You like the school and have good friends. You are training for competitive swimming and have lot of plans for your future career. You have recently been going out with one of your classmates who recently moved to your school. You have used condoms during sex but do not understand how you got pregnant. Your friend suggested you take a pregnancy test after you felt sick in your last swimming lesson and it was positive. You are shocked and worried as your parents are not aware that you are sexually active. You have not informed any of your family members or teachers or GP regarding the pregnancy. You googled for the termination services and got an appointment at the clinic. Your boyfriend is aware and is supportive; he has not informed his parents either. You wish to have surgical termination so that it is all done quickly and with no pain. Your friend has accompanied you to the clinic and has been very supportive throughout. When you are seen by the doctor you insist that it is all kept confidential and that you would not wish either your parents or your family doctor know about it. You would want the procedure to be done as soon as possible and the first thing in the morning so you could go home by the end of the day.

scholarly journals Human Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Neural Activity: Effects of Probiotics on Mental and GI Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077
Author(s):  
David Tomasi ◽  
Sophia Webb
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Interactions ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Preclinical Animal Models

This review examines the general parameters of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, with special emphasis on a clinical-medical perspective and anthropological research foci. In particular, the authors focused on the observed vs. non-observed (observable) effects of psychobiotics on psychiatric conditions, as well as IBD and IBS comorbidities with psychiatric conditions; the latter was examined within the context of utilizing dietary changes to influence individuals’ microbiomes and to ameliorate GI and mental health. Despite some fascinating observations seen in preclinical animal models and promising outcomes observed in several clinical studies of probiotic supplementation on humans with psychiatric as well as GI conditions, this area of research warrants further scientific examination. This research is particularly important in order to provide scientific evidence supporting the use of probiotics (exclusively or as an adjunct treatment) for psychiatric and/or GI conditions in clinical settings. An important consideration in this sense is the need for standardized experimental methods, which can help guide evidence-based recommendations such as differences in dosing, timing, and duration of supplementation, as well as help elucidate genetic predispositions and potential dietary-pharmacological interactions. Such research methods would allow for a better understanding of the processes and mechanisms probiotics induce and/or cause within the context of human physiology.

Comparative Analysis: The State of Colorado Study, Part II

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Kathryn Mueller ◽  
Douglas Van Zet ◽  
Debra J. Northrup ◽  
Edward B. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Physician Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Work Interference

Abstract [Continued from the January/February 2004 issue of The Guides Newsletter.] To understand discrepancies in reviewers’ ratings of impairments based on different editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), users can usefully study the history of the revisions as successive editions attempted to provide a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system. Some shortcomings of earlier editions have been addressed in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, but problems remain with each edition, largely because of the limited scientific evidence available. In the context of the history of the different editions of the AMA Guides and their development, the authors discuss and contextualize a number of key terms and principles including the following: definitions of impairment and normal; activities of daily living; maximum medical improvement; impairment percentages; conversion of regional impairments; combining impairments; pain and other subjective complaints; physician judgment; and causation analysis; finally, the authors note that impairment is not synonymous with disability or work interference. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, contrasts impairment evaluations and independent medical evaluations (this was not done in previous editions) and discusses impairment evaluations, rules for evaluations, and report standards. Upper extremity and lower extremity impairment evaluations are discussed in terms of clinical assessments and rating processes, analyzing important changes between editions and problematic areas (eg, complex regional pain syndrome).

An Evidence-Based Review of Antitussive Herbs Containing Essential Oils in Traditional Persian Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Hosseinkhani ◽  
Bijan Ziaeian ◽  
Kamran Hessami ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas ◽  
Ali Kashkooe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Troublesome Symptom ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine

Background: Cough is one of the most common medical symptoms for which medical advice is sought. Although cough is a protective reflex responsible for clearing the airways from secretions and foreign bodies, it can be a troublesome symptom that causes discomfort to patients. Due to the increasing interest in herbal remedies in the both developed and developing countries, in the current study, we aimed to overview medicinal herbs containing essential oils used as antitussive agents according to the Traditional Persian Medicine [TPM] textbooks. We summarized the relevant scientific evidence on their possible pharmacological actions. Methods: To collect the evidence for treatment of cough or “seaal” [cough in ancient books] from TPM sources, five main medicinal Persian manuscripts were studied. The antitussive herbs were listed and their scientific names were identified and authenticated in accordance with botanical reference books. ScienceDirect and PubMed online databases were searched for related mechanisms of action of the reported medicinal plants. Results: The number of 49 herbs containing essential oils were recommended in TPM for the treatment of cough; 21 of them had at least one known mechanism of action for cough suppression in the scientific literature. According to this review, most of the cited medicinal plants were assessed for either nitric oxide inhibitory or antitussive/expectorant activities. Conclusion: In addition to advantageous effects of antitussive herbs noted by TPM, the present review highlighted some recent evidence-based data on these promising candidates that could be used as an outline for future research on their medicinal use.

Lovotics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian David Cheok ◽  
Kasun Karunanayaka ◽  
Emma Yann Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Sex Communication ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
Academic Area ◽  
Robot Companions

Intimate relationships, such as love and sex, between human and machines, especially robots, has been one of the themes of science fiction. However, this topic has never been treated in the academic area until recently. It was first raised and discussed by David Levy in his book Love and Sex with Robotics (2007). Since then, researchers have come up with many implementations of robot companions, like sex robots, emotional robots, humanoid robots, and artificial intelligent systems that can simulate human emotions. This chapter presents a summary of significant recent activity in this field, predicts how the field is likely to develop, and discusses ethical and legal issues. We also discuss our research in physical devices for human–robot love and sex communication.

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