Sarcoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ian M. Smith ◽  
Vinay Itte
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Staging Classification

Sarcomas are malignant tumours of the soft tissues or bone. Epidemiology, aetiology, pathology, clinical features, investigations, diagnosis, staging, classification, and management of soft tissue sarcomas are described in this chapter. These tumours are relatively uncommon but require a systematic approach to treatment involving a multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals DNA methylation patterns–based subtype distinction and identification of soft tissue sarcoma prognosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyuan Wu ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Jing-yuan Fan ◽  
Zhen-pei Wen ◽  
Tian-yu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Selection Operator ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Abstract Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are heterogeneous at the clinical with a variable tendency of aggressive behavior. Methods: In this study, we constructed a specific DNA methylation-based classification to identify the distinct prognosis-subtypes of STSs based on the DNA methylation spectrum from the TCGA database.Results: Eventually, samples were clustered into four subgroups, and their survival curves were distinct from each other. Meanwhile, the samples in each subgroup reflected differentially in several clinical features. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was also conducted on the genes of the corresponding promoter regions of the above‐described specific methylation sites, revealing that these genes were mainly concentrated in certain cancer‑associated biological functions and pathways. In addition, we calculated the differences among clustered methylation sites and performed the specific methylation sites with LASSO algorithm. The selection operator algorithm was employed to derive a risk signature model, and a prognostic signature based on these methylation sites performed well for risk stratification in STSs patients. At last, a nomogram consisted of clinical features and risk score was developed for the survival prediction. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study declares that DNA methylation-based STSs subtype classification is highly relevant for future development of personalized therapy as it identifies the prediction value of patient prognosis.

scholarly journals A Novel Four-Gene Prognostic Signature for Prediction of Survival in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5837
Author(s):  
Changwu Wu ◽  
Siming Gong ◽  
Georg Osterhoff ◽  
Nikolas Schopow
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Free Survival

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS), a group of rare malignant tumours with high tissue heterogeneity, still lack effective clinical stratification and prognostic models. Therefore, we conducted this study to establish a reliable prognostic gene signature. Using 189 STS patients’ data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, a four-gene signature including DHRS3, JRK, TARDBP and TTC3 was established. A risk score based on this gene signature was able to divide STS patients into a low-risk and a high-risk group. The latter had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS), and Cox regression analyses showed that the risk score is an independent prognostic factor. Nomograms containing the four-gene signature have also been established and have been verified through calibration curves. In addition, the predictive ability of this four-gene signature for STS metastasis free survival was verified in an independent cohort (309 STS patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus database). Finally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated that the four-gene signature may be related to some pathways associated with tumorigenesis, growth, and metastasis. In conclusion, our study establishes a novel four-gene signature and clinically feasible nomograms to predict the OS and RFS. This can help personalized treatment decisions, long-term patient management, and possible future development of targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Oral Health and Molecular Aspects of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1426
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Zhurakivska ◽  
Giuseppe Troiano ◽  
Marco Montella ◽  
Lorenzo Lo Muzio ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Fibrous Histiocytoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Short Period

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in adults. It occurs only occasionally in oral soft tissues, and knowledge about its characteristics is based on a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma belongs to the group of soft tissue sarcomas and makes up less than 10% of soft tissue sarcomas. For therapeutic purposes, complete exeresis of the lesion (macroscopic and microscopic) is performed because they have frequent recurrences. As for complementary therapy in addition to surgery, neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy have been shown to reduce the risk of death related to the disease. Often patients complain of a swelling that grows in a short period of time. It is quite common for patients to report trauma in the area, which is not the cause, but rather the event that allows diagnosis. The mass usually does not cause pain unless it compresses an adjacent nerve structure. The aim of this study is to systematically review the scientific literature in order to identify the most recent studies concerning malignant fibrous histiocytomas localized in oral soft tissues and report their main data. The main outcomes of this study concern the immunohistochemical, molecular, and clinical aspects of this pathology. A systematic review of articles in the electronic databases pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed. After the selection process, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years old. The lesions affected various parts of the oral cavity, showing predominantly storiform–pleomorphic patterns. All cases except one were treated with surgical resection and radiation therapy. Although some data emerged from this review, they remain limited to a few case reports. Further studies are necessary in order to standardize the approach to patients affected by oral malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH).

Clinical features and outcomes of young patients with head and neck non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas

Head & Neck ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Federico ◽  
David Gilpin ◽  
Sandeep Samant ◽  
Catherine A. Billups ◽  
Sheri L. Spunt
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas

scholarly journals Fusion of FDG-PET Image and Clinical Features for Prediction of Lung Metastasis in Soft Tissue Sarcomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Deng ◽  
Weiming Zeng ◽  
Yuhu Shi ◽  
Wei Kong ◽  
Shunjie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Standard Uptake Value ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Prediction Ability

Extracting massive features from images to quantify tumors provides a new insight to solve the problem that tumor heterogeneity is difficult to assess quantitatively. However, quantification of tumors by single-mode methods often has defects such as difficulty in features extraction and high computational complexity. The multimodal approach has shown effective application prospects in solving these problems. In this paper, we propose a feature fusion method based on positron emission tomography (PET) images and clinical information, which is used to obtain features for lung metastasis prediction of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Random forest method was adopted to select effective features by eliminating irrelevant or redundant features, and then they were used for the prediction of the lung metastasis combined with back propagation (BP) neural network. The results show that the prediction ability of the proposed model using fusion features is better than that of the model using an image or clinical feature alone. Furthermore, a good performance can be obtained using 3 standard uptake value (SUV) features of PET image and 7 clinical features, and its average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on all the sets can reach 92%, 91%, and 92%, respectively. Therefore, the fusing features have the potential to predict lung metastasis for STSs.

Epidemiology, clinical features, and histopathology of sarcomas managed in a Haitian cancer clinic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23515-e23515
Author(s):  
Joseph Bernard ◽  
Thierry Alcindor ◽  
Lynn Gabrielle Alexis ◽  
Doukens Patrick Gilbert ◽  
Vincent DeGennaro
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Anatomical Site

e23515 Background: Sarcomas are among the least described cancers diagnosed in Haiti. Suboptimal surgery and the unavailability of radiation therapy make their management challenging. The main objective of this study was to present the epidemiology, clinical features and histopathology of sarcomas in the Haitian setting. Methods: A seven-year retrospective study was conducted in the cancer program of Innovating Health International (IHI). We included all patients with clinical or histological diagnosis of sarcoma enrolled from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. Date of first visit, age, gender, stage, anatomical site, histology, outcome as of December 31, 2020 and date of death were the main variables selected for this chart review. Mortality rate and overall survival were also evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-two (122) patients with sarcomas were diagnosed and treated during the study period. Their mean age was 43.3 years [range: 15-88] and the sample was 62.3% women and 37.7% men. 49.2% of the patients were less than 40 years of age. Among the cases of sarcomas, 86.9% were soft tissue sarcomas and 13.1% bone sarcomas. The lower limbs (36.9%), abdomen (14.8%), head and neck (13.1%), upper limbs (12.3%) and breasts (7.4%) were the most common locations of the sarcomas. 81% of abdominal/pelvic sarcoma cases (n=21) were in women. The most common histological types (n=94) were fibrosarcoma (15.2%), liposarcoma (10.9%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (8.7%), malignant histiocytofibroma (6.5%), rhabdomyosarcoma (5.4%) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (5.4%). 19.6% of the patients had metastatic disease. The mortality rate for the study period was 53.3% and 17.2% of the patients were lost to follow-up. The median overall survival was 7.2 months for the cohort and 18.4 months for the treated patients (n=70). Conclusions: The sarcomas seen in this Haitian medical clinic mainly affect the soft tissues of limbs, abdomen and head and neck. There is a strong predominance of female patients and about half of the patients are aged less than 40. Despite a low metastatic presentation rate, the prognosis is poor, likely reflecting both the aggressiveness of this group of diseases and the disparities of outcomes between high-income and low-and-middle-income countries.

Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities: Continuing Challenges for a Multidisciplinary Team

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Benjamin ◽  
Raphael E. Pollock ◽  
Gunar K. Zagars
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas

scholarly journals The Circulating Nucleic Acid Characteristics of Non-Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4483
Author(s):  
Nicholas Eastley ◽  
Aurore Sommer ◽  
Barbara Ottolini ◽  
Rita Neumann ◽  
Jin-Li Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Size Grade ◽  
Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Ctdna Analysis

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare, malignant tumours with a generally poor prognosis. Our aim was to explore the potential of cell free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis to track non-metastatic STS patients undergoing attempted curative treatment. The analysed cohort (n = 29) contained multiple STS subtypes including myxofibrosarcomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and dedifferentiated liposarcomas amongst others. Perioperative cfDNA levels trended towards being elevated in patients (p = 0.07), although did not correlate with tumour size, grade, recurrence or subtype, suggesting a limited diagnostic or prognostic role. To characterise ctDNA, an amplicon panel covering three genes commonly mutated in STSs was first trialled on serial plasma collected from nine patients throughout follow-up. This approach only identified ctDNA in 2.5% (one in 40) of the analysed samples. Next custom-designed droplet digital PCR assays and Ion AmpliSeq™ panels were developed to track single nucleotide variants identified in patients’ STSs by whole exome sequencing (1–6 per patient). These approaches identified ctDNA in 17% of patients. Although ctDNA was identified before radiologically detectable recurrence in two cases, the absence of demonstrable ctDNA in 83% of cases highlights the need for much work before circulating nucleic acids can become a useful means to track STS patients.

scholarly journals ‘‘Two-Week Waits’’—Are They Leading to Earlier Diagnosis of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas?

Sarcoma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. St. J. Taylor ◽  
R. J. Grimer ◽  
S. R. Carter ◽  
R. M. Tillman ◽  
A. Abudu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Mass ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Borderline Lesion ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Malignant Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Soft Tissue

Introduction. The ‘‘two-week wait’’ was established as a potential means of diagnosing malignant tumours earlier. This paper investigated whether these clinics are leading to earlier diagnosis of malignant soft-tissue lumps.Method. We identified all referrals to our centre from a database over a 4-year period.Results. 2225 patients were referred to our unit for investigation of a soft-tissue mass. 576 (26%) were referred under the ‘‘two-week wait’’ criteria. 153 (27%) of which were found to have a malignant or borderline malignant diagnosis. 1649 patients were referred nonurgently. 855 (52%) of which were diagnosed with a malignant or borderline lesion. The average size at diagnosis was 9.4 cm with no difference in size between the different referral routes.Conclusion. There is little evidence that the two-week wait clinic is leading to earlier diagnosis of soft-tissue sarcomas with the majority still being referred nonurgently.

scholarly journals Extraosseous Osteosarcoma of the Esophagus: A Case Report

Sarcoma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney E. Wegner ◽  
Kevin M. McGrath ◽  
James D. Luketich ◽  
David M. Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Caucasian Male ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasm ◽  
Direct Attachment ◽  
Extraosseous Osteosarcoma

Extraosseous osteosarcoma (EOO) is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that is located in the soft tissues without direct attachment to the skeletal system and that produces osteoid, bone, or chondroid material. EOO is an extremely rare disease, accounting for only 1% of soft tissue sarcomas, and typically presents in either an extremity or the retroperitoneum. This paper presents the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian male with extraosseous osteosarcoma of the esophagus.

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