Specific Microorganisms

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinash Virk
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pathogenic Organisms ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

This chapter approaches the field of infectious diseases from 3 perspectives. This first section reviews the characteristics of specific pathogenic organisms (gram-positive cocci, staphylococci, gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive bacilli, gram-negative cocci, anaerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, mycobacteria, spirochetes, fungi, viruses, etc). Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions caused by these organisms are discussed.

Działanie in vitro olejku cyprysowego (Oleum Cupressi) na bakterie beztlenowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Porphyromonas Levii

Introduction. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is evergreen, and grows in Mediterranean region. The Cypress leaves and young branches are utilized to produce the essential oil. Cypress oil contain a number of components, in it α-pinene, Δ3-carene, α-terpinyl acetate, cedrol, α-terpinolene, β-myrcene, limonene, α-terpineolene, terpinen-4-ol, β-pinene, δ-cadinene and sabinene. The oil is used in therapy different diseases. It to have antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was evaluation the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Cypress oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from patients. The 62 microorganisms, in it 36 strains of Gram-negative rods, 14 Gram-positive cocci and 12 Gram-positive rods, and 7 reference strains were tested. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The Cypress oil was dissolved in DMSO and distilled water to obtain final following concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per 1 ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). The agar plates was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of Cypress oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results. The results indicated that from among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible to Cypress oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia (MIC < 2.5-5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides vulgatus and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (MIC 5.0-7.5 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The strains from genera Fusobacterium and of Bacteroides fragilis were the susceptible to 2.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml. The Cypress oil was least active towards Prevotella and Parabacteroides strains (MIC ≥ 20.0 mg/ml).The tested Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The oil was minor active towards Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-20.0 mg/ml). Among the strains the genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml) and Actinomyces viscosus (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible. The growth of rods of Bifidobacterium breve was inhibited by concentrations 10.0 mg/ml. The data indicates that the Gram-negative rods were the less susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria to cypress oil. Conclusions. Among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible were the strains Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas levii. The oil was more active against Gram-positive cocci. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria demonstrate the more susceptible to Cypress oil then Gram-positive rods.

Ocena działania olejku majerankowego wobec bakterii beztlenowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Andrzej W. Kędzia ◽  
Henry O. Meissner ◽  
Joanna Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Sweet majoram (Origanum majorana L.), green plant from family Lamiaceae is common used in traditional medicine. Herba majoranae containing from 1 to 3.5% essential oil. The main components of the oil depend on the geographic origin of the plant and include: terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, terpinene, γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, triterpenic acid, phenolic acid, flavonoids glycosides, tanins, diterpenoids and triterpenoids. The oil is used for treatment of lung diseases, spleen, kidneys, hepatitis, alimentary tract and headaches. It has antiemetic, anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity to majoram oil. Material and methods. A total of 57 anaerobic bacteria belonging to the genus of Porphyromonas (4 strains), Prevotella (9), Bacteroides (11), Parabacteroides (1), Tannerella (2), Fusobacterium (7), 11 strains of Gram-positive cocci, 12 strains of Gram-positive rods and 6 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemine. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with various oil concentrations as well as upon that no majoram oil (Semifarm, Elbląg). The concentrations oil were: 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The plate were incubated in anaerobic conditions, in anaerobic jars for 48 hours in 37°C. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was interpreted as the lowest concentrations oil inhibiting the growth of strains of anaerobes. Results and discussion. The results of investigations indicated that the from Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus were the most susceptible to the essential oil (MIC <0.06-0.5 mg/ml). But the 89% strains from genus of Prevotella was sensitive to 2.0 mg/ml and more. Tested oil was less active against the strains from genera of Fusobacterium. MIC of the strains were in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml. The rods from the genera Prevotella bivia, Prevotella buccalis, Prevotella loescheii, Bacteroides fragilis, Parabacteroides distasonis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were the lowest sensitive (MIC > 2.0 mg/ml). The oil was very active vs. Gram-positive cocci. MIC for 50% this strains was in ranges < 0.06-0.25 mg/ml. But the Gram-positive rods were less sensitive. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges 1.0-> 2.0 mg/ml (without Actinomyces viscosus – MIC 1.0 mg/ml). It appears that Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria were more susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-negative rods. Conclusions. The most susceptible to majoram oil from Gram-negative bacteria were rods of Bacteroides uniformis, Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides vulgatus. The oil was very active against Gram-positive cocci and rods. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to majoram oil than Gram-positive anaerobes.

Oddziaływanie na bakterie beztlenowe olejku jałowcowego (Oleum Juniperi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Propionibacterium Granulosum ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Juniper berries have been used in ancient in folk medicine for treatment infections, as a spice for meat, and preparation of gin and raki. Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) belongs to the Cupressaceae family. It is an evergreen tree or shrub and achieve from 2 to 10 m high. Its berries produced essential oil, which contain α-pinene, camphene, limonene, cadinene, terpinen-4-ol, myrcene, β-pinene, sabinene, flavonoids, resins, organic acids, and tannins. The oil is used for treatment various diseases. It demonstrate antimicrobial properties. Aim. The aim of the study was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria of oral cavity to juniper oil. Material and methods. The 56 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients, in it Gram-negative rods (31 strains), Gram-positive cocci (13) Gram-positive rods (12) and 8 reference strains were tested. Investigation was carried out using the plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). Concentration of dated oil were: 2,0, 5,0, 7,5, 10,0, 15,0 and 20,0 mg/ml. The plate was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of juniper oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results and discussion. The results of the experiments indicated, that rods from Gram-negative anaerobes, the strains belonging to the genera of Prevotella and Porphyromonas, were the most susceptible to essential oil. The MIC’s for the strains be within from 5,0 to 10,0 mg/ml. The lowest sensitive were the rods from genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). From among Gram-positive cocci the most sensitive to oil were the strains from genus Finegoldia magna. The oil was active towards half of the strains in concentration < 2,5 mg/ml. The tested Gram-positive rods were the less sensitive (MIC 5,0-> 20,0 mg/ml). From this group, the strains Actinomyces viscosus demonstrated the sensitivity on 5,0 to 7,5 mg/ml. The most resistance were the rods Actinomyces odontolyticus and Propionibacterium granulosum (MIC > 20,0 mg/ml). Conclusions. The lowest susceptible to juniper oil from Gram-negative bacteria were genus of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Tannerella. The oil was the most active against strains of Prevotella and Porphyromonas. The cocci were the more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The Gram-positive anaerobes showed high susceptibility to juniperus oil than Gram-negative rods.

Ocena aktywności olejku imbirowego (Oleum Zingiberis) wobec bakterii beztlenowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Andrzej W. Kędzia ◽  
Joanna Wiśniewska ◽  
Marek Ciecierski
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Zingiber officinale from family Zingiberaceae is known as ginger. Its common names are African Ginger, Cocchin Ginger, Jamaican Ginger, Black Ginger, Gan jiang, Ingwer, Gegibre and Rice Ginger. It was used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine to treat headaches, nausea and colds. In Mexican medicine have been used to treat gastrointestinal complaints. It is one of the frequently used spices in many countries of the world. It can be consumed as a fresh or dried to prepared tea, soft drinks and bread. The plant grown to 1 m high. The rhizome contain volatile oil. The major components of ginger are mono- and sesquiterpens, in it zingiberene and zingiberol. Futhermore oil contain borneol, cyneole, citral, camphene, β-phellandrene, zingerone, shogaol, geranyl acetate, geraniol, curcumene, terpineol, limonene, linalool, α-farnesene, neral and 6-gingerol. Research carried out on ginger indicated, that components to have antiinflammatory, antiplateled aggregation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure-lowering and anticancer properties. Aim. The goal of this dates was to test the antimicrobial activity of ginger oil against anaerobes. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from oral cavity. A total 53 strains isolated from patients and 6 reference strains were examined. The members of following genera were tested: Porphyromonas (4 strains), Prevotella (9), Bacteroides (8), Parabacteroides (1), Tannerella (2), Fusobacterium (7) and after 11 strains of Gram-positive cocci and Gram-positive rods and 6 reference strains from genus: Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica ATCC 29743, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337 and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by the two-fold dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The inoculum containing 106 CFU/per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with ginger oil (Semifarm, Gdańsk) or without the oil (the strains growth control). Concentrations of oil used were 20.0, 10.0, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5 and 1.2 mg/ml. Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jar, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of ginger oil that completely inhibited the growth of tested anaerobes. Results. The results showed, that the most susceptible from Gram-anaerobic bacteria to ginger oil in ranges ≤ 1.26-5.0 mg/ml were the strains from genus of Tannerella forsythia and Bacteroides uniformis. The others of Gram-negative rods were susceptible to oil in ranges 10.0-≥ 20.0 mg/ml. The strains belonging to the genus of Prevotella bivia, Prevotella buccalis and Parabacteroides distasonis were the lowest sensitive to tested oil (MIC ≥ 20.0 mg/ml). The ginger oil was very active against Gram-positive cocci. MIC’s for all the tested strains were to the concentrations from 5.0 to 10.0 mg/ml. The oil characterized similarly of activity in case Gram-positive rods. The date showed, that 82% this strains were susceptible to concentration – 10.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. The results indicated that the ginger oil showed antibacterial activity against all tested anaerobic bacteria. The more susceptible to oil were the Gram-positive cocci and rods then Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.

Wpływ olejku świerkowego (Oleum Picea excelsa) na bakterie beztlenowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Picea Excelsa ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Spruce (Picea abies L.) is a member of family Pinaceae. It was known and used in ancient. The tree grown to 50 m height. Produced by conifers etheric oil possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The major compounds of the spruce oil are: pinene, cadinene and felandrene. It is obtained hydro distillation method. Aim. The aim of the date was to investigate activity of spruce oil against anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The 53 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, in it 32 strains of Gram-negative rods, 12 Gram-positive rods and 9 Gram-positive cocci were tested. Moreover investigated 8 reference strains. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by two-fold dilution technique in Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The spruce oil was dissolved in DMSO and distillated water to obtained a final concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The inoculums containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil or without tested essential oil (strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was established as the lowest concentration of the spruce oil that inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobes. Results. The results of these investigations indicated that the most susceptible to spruce oil from Gram-negative bacteria were the strains Prevotella intermedia (MIC 5.0-10.0 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The growth of strains from genus Bacteroides fragilis was inhibited by concentration > 20.0 mg/ml, and Tannerella forsythia in ranges from 15.0 to > 20.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible. The growth of 50% of this rods was inhibited in concentration 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. From Gram-positive rods from genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus were the most susceptible. The 75% of the rods were inhibited by spruce oil in concentrations 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The least sensitive was the strain Actinomyces viscosus (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml). The tested oil was more active on account Gram-positive cocci. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The data indicated that the spruce oil was more active towards Gram-positive rods than Gram-negative anaerobes. Conclusions. From the Gram-negative bacteria the Prevotella rods were the more susceptible to spruce oil. The oil was the less active towards Gram-negative rods from genus Tannerella forsythia. From Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the Gram-positive cocci were the more susceptible to spruce oil then Gram-positive rods.

Clindamycin in treatment of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media in children

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

AbstractTympanocentesis was performed in 28 pediatric patients with chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media. The purulent aspirate was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes only were isolated from 4(14·3 per cent) patients; five (17·9 per cent) had only anaerobes and 19 (67·8 per cent) had both aerobes and anaerobes. There were 36 aerobic isolates. P. aeruginosa was recovered in 16 patients. Other aerobes commonly recovered included Proteus sp. and S. aureus. There were 38 anaerobes isolated. Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci were isolated in 23 instances. Eleven Bacteroides sp. were recovered, including 4 B. fragilis group and 5 B. melaninogenicus. All of the patients were treated with clindamycin in a dose of 30 to 40 mg per kilogram per day divided into 3 dosages for a total period of 14 to 21 days (average 17 days). When Gram-negative enteric aerobic rods were also recovered in substantial numbers, an aminoglycoside (gentamicin) was added to the therapy (in 12 patients) and administered parenterally for 7 to 10 days. The patients' response to the therapy was excellent in 7 cases, good in 9, fair in 3 and poor in 9. There were no diarrhea episodes or colitis noted and there were no other sideeffects due to the therapy. The above findings demonstrate the polymicrobial etiology of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media and suggest that medical treatment directed against the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from the patients' ear aspirates could eradicate the infection completely in more than half of the cases.

In Vitro Activities of Y-688, a New 7-Substituted Fluoroquinolone, against Anaerobic Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
A. P. MacGowan ◽  
K. E. Bowker ◽  
M. Wootton ◽  
H. A. Holt ◽  
D. S. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of Y-688, a new 7-substituted fluoroquinolone derivative, against 317 nonduplicate anaerobic isolates were determined. Eighty-five percent of the Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 89) were inhibited by ≤2 mg of Y-688 per liter, while 78, 100, 89, and 98% of gram-negative bacilli (n = 135), gram-positive cocci (n = 59), and non-spore-forming (n = 58) and spore-forming (n = 51) gram-positive bacilli, respectively, were inhibited by ≤1 mg of Y-688 per liter.

Działanie olejku lawendowego (Oleum Lavandulae) na bakterie beztlenowe

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia ◽  
Joanna Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Introduction. Therapeutical, cosmetical and culinary properties of lavender oil was valued from ancient. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lavandula officinalis Chaix.) belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Lavender produced essential oil. It possess different property: hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antispasmotic, antiulcers, antidepression, antioxidant, antireumatic, insect repellent and antimicrobial. Aim. The aim of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of anaerobes of oral cavity to lavender oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from various infections of oral cavity. A total 32 strains of bacteria isolated from patients and 5 reference strains were examined. The susceptibility (MIC) anaerobes to lavender oil was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar, supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Stock solution of essential oil was prepared in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and afterwords in distilled water. Concentration of oil used were: 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The inoculum contained 106 CFU per spot was seeded with Steers’ replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without the oil (strains growth control). Incubation was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of lavender oils inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results indicated, that from all tested anaerobes 10 (31%) was susceptible in ranges < 0.12-0.5 mg/ml. The oil was active towards 53% strains in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. The MIC for remaining strains was > 2.0 mg/ml. From the Gram-positive cocci the most susceptible were the strains Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. MIC of the strains were < 0.12 mg/ml. The Gram-positive rods were the lowest sensitive. The lavender oil inhibited growth of this bacteria in concentration = 1.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. The more susceptible to lavender oil, from Gram-negative bacteria were the genus Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis and from Gram-positive cocci genus Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The Gram-negative anaerobes were less susceptible to tested oil than Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Numbers and types of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical specimens since 1960

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
J W Holland ◽  
E O Hill ◽  
W A Altemeier
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Cumulative Data ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Isolated Species

Between 1960 and 1974, 826 specimens, excluding stool, urine, sputum, and blood, yielded 689 (83%) positive cultures, of which 403 (58.5%) contained anaerobic bacteria. This represents 48.8% of the total specimens cultured. Isolates from 153 specimens obtained and stocked from 1965 to 1974 were reidentified by current criteria. Gram-negative bacilli, primarily bacteroides, were the most frequently isolated anaerobes, being found in 70% of 153 anaerobe-positive specimens and accounting for 42% of the total anaerobes isolated. Gram-positive cocci were second in occurrence, being found in 66% of 153 specimens and accounting for 40% of the total isolates. Bacteroides fragilis was by far the most frequently isolated species. Compairson of 14 years of cumulative data with data from current studies covering 1- to 2-year periods indicated that the anaerobes isolated from clinical material have not changed significantly in type or relative numbers.

Anaerobic bacteria

2010 ◽  
pp. 748-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anilrudh A. Venugopal ◽  
David W. Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Anaerobic bacteria will not grow when incubated with 10% CO2 in room air, but vary in their tolerance of different levels of oxygen. They are important commensal flora of the skin and oral, intestinal, and pelvic mucosae, and are classified according to their Gram staining characteristics and ability to produce spores: (1) Gram positive—cocci, non-spore-forming bacilli, and spore-forming bacilli (notably clostridium); (2) Gram negative—cocci and bacilli. Many anaerobic bacteria possess virulence factors that facilitate their pathogenicity, e.g. histiolytic enzymes and various toxins....

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