Vertical Gaze and Syndromes of the Midbrain
reviews the architecture of the midbrain and extensively discusses the linkage of specific diagnostic signs to areas of the midbrain. Paralysis of up- and downgaze, pretectal pupils, eyelid and vergence disorders are among the signs discussed. Here again, case studies and video displays allow detailed presentations of patient history, analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of a range of disorders characterized by supranuclear vertical gaze paralysis: the pretectal syndrome, the Sylvian aqueduct syndrome, syndromes of the top of the basilar artery, and a rare case of supranuclear paralysis of downgaze with clinicopathological correlation. A short section on vergence disorders covers paralysis of convergence, the third “Parinaud” sign, convergence retraction nystagmus, pretectal pseudobobbing, and oculogyric crises.