Afterword

This short section reasserts and summarizes some of the key conclusions to the book, explaining how London responded to the strategic choices of Roman emperors and governors, initially as a gateway emporium and subsequently as a defended administrative enclave. Episodes of systematic change were also provoked by exogenous shock, and the effects of war and plague can be identified in the archaeological record from London. Imperial inputs helped London to recover from such events, but the city was wholly a creature of Rome and otherwise lacking in social capital. Its eventual failure was a direct product of the failure of the Roman administration. Some directions for future research are considered.

bridges over the river Kei

The article is the outcome of the author's long-standing interest in the number and variety of bridges that were built within a short section of the Great Kei River at Victoria Drift - in close proximity to the village of Komgha - over a 100-year period. The particular bridges under scrutiny - with their dates of construction - are as follows: Temporary Military Bridge, 1877 (no longer extant) Lattice Girder Wagon Bridge, 1879 Timber Railway Bridge, 1905 (only foundations remaining) Relocated Lattice Girder Railway Bridge, 1948 N2 SANRAL Concrete Bridge, 1977.

Development of an In-Line Enzyme Reactor Integrated into a Capillary Electrophoresis System

The goal of this paper was to develop an in-line immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) integrated into a capillary electrophoresis platform. In our research, we created the IMER by adsorbing trypsin onto the inner surface of a capillary in a short section. Enzyme immobilization was possible due to the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged fused silica capillary surface and trypsin. The reactor was formed by simply injecting and removing trypsin solution from the capillary inlet (~1–2 cms). We investigated the factors affecting the efficiency of the reactor. The main advantages of the proposed method are the fast, cheap, and easy formation of an IMER with in-line protein digestion capability. Human tear samples were used to test the efficiency of the digestion in the microreactor.

What is Known About Some Music Features and Song Lyrics of the Khmer Living in the South of Vietnam?

In this article, the author will present some research issues as follows: Musical expressions of love for the homeland, Love among men and women, family affection, and attachment to work. The Khmer inhabiting South Vietnam practice all these expressions. In another short section, common characteristics with the music of other ethnic groups in Vietnam include similar instrumental music, scales used and rhythmic structures applied. Thereby, the author reviews categorizations undertaken in the past demonstrating that Khmer music strictly belongs to one ethnic group in the country. Also, musical instruments have been categorized in similar ways, using the Hornbostel-Sachs descriptive tools: Chordophone, Arephones, Idiophones, Membraphones, which are using a variety of scales and modes. It is also said that the inheritance and promotion of the typical values of Khmer music into social life, was a very pragmatic fact, which needs more attention. The use of the term “Folk Music” is only reflecting on a certain approach supported by cultural policies toward minorities from the 1970s to 2010.

Olympic Rowing – Maximum Capacity over 2000 Meters

Olympic rowing in its current form is a high-intensity boat race covering a distance of 2000 m with fastest race times ranging ~5.5-7.5 min, depending on boat class, sex, and environmental factors. To realize such race times, rowers need strength and endurance, which is physiologically evident in an oxidative Adaption of the skeletal muscles, a high aerobic capacity, and the ability to contribute and sustain a relatively high percentage of anaerobic energy for several minutes. Anthropometrically, male and female rowers are characterized by relatively large body measurements. Biomechanics & Physiology: The sitting position of the rower, the involvement of a large muscle mass and the structure of the rowing cycle, consisting of drive and recovery phase where the rower slides back and forth on a sliding seat, affect the cardiovascular and the respiratory system in a unique manner. In Addition to these physiological and anthropometric characteristics, this brief review outlines the extreme metabolic implications of the sport during racing and training and mentions rarely-discussed topics such as established testing procedures, summarizes data on training intensity distribution in elite rowing and includes a short section on heat stress during training and racing in hot and humid conditions expected for the Olympic Games 2021 in Tokyo.

Psychosocial Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People Living in Portugal and Brazil—A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Not many studies have been reported from Portugal or Brazil to date, reading the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, especially from a qualitative perspective. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of 65 self-identified LGB individuals from Portugal and Brazil participated in this study. Thirty-two participants were from Portugal and 33 from Brazil. The average age was 34.48 years (standard deviation = 11.66), ranging from 19 to 67. We used an online interview approach in an asynchronous format. All study respondents completed a structured inquiry consisting of a short section of sociodemographic questions and a single open-ended question: “As a lesbian, gay, bisexual (or other) self-identified person, please elaborate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted your life.” Results: The thematic analysis of participants’ responses revealed 9 recurring themes, encompassing 18 subcategories to occur: mental health (depression, anxiety, fear, anger, and loneliness), isolation (social distancing and leisure impediments), relationships (family and friends), work-related problems, education-related problems, financial problems, changes (behavioral changes and opportunity to grow), coping (seeking support, accessing information and physical activities), and LGBTQI topics (health barriers, going back into the closet, pride celebration events, and online dating). Conclusions: Our results provide voice to LGB Portuguese and Brazilian people during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrating specific challenges exacerbated by stigma and sexual discrimination amplified by preexistent social inequalities.

Spirituality, Religion, and Sleep

Spirituality is a vital element of integrative health and well-being. Research is demonstrating that spiritual and religious beliefs and practices are associated with sleep quality, as they are for many aspects of waking life. This chapter examines literature and clinical approaches to explore questions about the definition of spirituality and religion, how spirituality influences health, how spirituality influences sleep, what can be gleaned from current descriptive and interventional research, and what mechanisms might underlie associations of spirituality with sleep. The authors then present material on approaches to working with spirituality in the practice of integrative medicine and care, touching on the personal groundedness and well-being of clinicians, clinical approaches to supporting meaningful living in patients, and organizational approaches to creating affirming, empowering, and satisfying work environments. The authors also include a short section on spirituality and dreams.

Thermal Effect of Single Loop Shield on High-Voltage Cable Line Capacity

The paper deals with a single-loop shield with an asymmetric magnetic coupling used for a magnetic field mitigation of a high-voltage three-phase cable line. The goal is to evaluate a thermal effect of this shield on a cable line capacity. To calculate the flat cable line capacity in the nonshielded case, we use a standard IEC 60287. To achieve the goal we carry out a numerical simulation of the thermal field when the shield is installed. Wherein, we deal with two specific sections. One is a long section with the shield being distant from the cable line. The other is a relatively short section where the shield is located near the power cables. The thermal field is applied for a long section in a two-dimensional formulation, and a three-dimensional formulation is used for the short section. Hence, we have obtained the dependences of the maximum temperature of the power cables on parameters of the shield and its location height above the cable line. The most significant allowable cross-sections of the shield cable and their location height have been determined, when the thermal effect of the shield does not decrease the cable line capacity. These results have ensured the maximum cable line capacity while shielding. The shield temperature is shown to exceed the allowable level in the short section. To reduce it the thermal backfill has been used. We recommend the values of its thermal resistivity to be used for different parameters of the single-loop shield.

Preliminaries

This chapter introduces the setting for the study of the executive branch, and sets aside several issues that may be considered as challenges to the project. A short section on the definition of ‘the executive branch’ is followed by an overview of the literature on the executive, showing that the immense body of research is almost entirely system-based, and contains limited theoretical and comparative analysis. To date, no general theory, or model of the executive branch, can be found in the current academic literature. An exposé of the central analytical concept used in this book—that of the ‘internal tension’ element of constitutionalism, leads to the discussion and rejection of two challenges to the project, which draws on the law and political practices of the United States and the United Kingdom. The first focuses on the alleged incomparability of parliamentary and presidential regimes, the second on the so-called ‘breaking down’ of the executive branch and the devolution of many of its functions to agencies placed outside the ‘core executive’. Variations do exist, but sufficient similarities, the existence of complex structures that do not follow simple binary divides, and the de facto dominance of the executive in both systems, fully support the analyses presented in the book.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics

The text speaks about the formation of the Communist Party of China, its beginnings and development, as well as the categorizations ever since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The new geopolitical reality has been explained, especially since the fall of the Berlin Wall. The argumentation is made about the peculiarities of Chinese history and modern development. The immeasurable importance of the Communist Party of China in governing the most populous country is pointed out. A short section on the relations between Serbia and China has been included. The conclusion highlights the general views encompassing most of the claims presented in the previous text.