DSM-5 Overview and Goals

2013 ◽  
pp. 1067-1071
Author(s):  
David J. Kupfer ◽  
Susan K. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Over Time

The road to DSM-5 spanned a decade of planning, discussion and review of the considerable advances in psychiatric research and clinical practice. By bridging the strengths of DSM-IV with the opportunities brought by new discoveries in neuroscience, the DSM-5 offers a foundation for future growth as we fill in our gaps of knowledge regarding the underlying pathologies of mental disorders. New features in DSM-5 include an organizational structure that permits alignment of disorders with shared putative pathogenesis irrespective of whether the disorders typically emerge in childhood or later in life. Other features include a new emphasis on risk factors and the development and life course of illness. The goal of the DSM-5 is to create a “living document” that may evolve over time as we gradually build on our knowledge of the neurobiologic underpinnings that account for both the emergence and lifetime expression of mental disorders.

The Impact of DSM-5 A-Criteria Changes on Parent Ratings of ADHD in Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Sibley ◽  
Carlos E. Yeguez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Parent Ratings ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Objective: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) A-criteria for ADHD were expanded to include new descriptors referencing adolescent and adult symptom manifestations. This study examines the effect of these changes on symptom endorsement in a sample of adolescents with ADHD (N = 259; age range = 10.72-16.70). Method: Parent ratings were collected and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) and DSM-5 endorsement of ADHD symptoms were compared. Results: Under the DSM-5, there were significant increases in reported inattention, but not hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I) symptoms, with specific elevations for certain symptoms. The average adolescent met criteria for less than one additional symptom under the DSM-5, but the correlation between ADHD symptoms and impairment was attenuated when using the DSM-5 items. Impulsivity items appeared to represent adolescent deficits better than hyperactivity items. Results were not moderated by demographic factors. Conclusion: In a sample of adolescents with well-diagnosed DSM-IV-TR ADHD, developmental symptom descriptors led parents to endorse slightly more symptoms of inattention, but this elevation is unlikely to be clinically meaningful.

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IN DSM-5: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH OF CHANGES FROM DSM-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Uher ◽  
Jennifer L. Payne ◽  
Barbara Pavlova ◽  
Roy H. Perlis
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

How do eating disorder specialist clinicians apply DSM-IV diagnostic criteria in routine clinical practice? Implications for enhancing clinical utility in DSM-5

2010 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Thomas ◽  
Sherrie S. Delinsky ◽  
Sarah A. St. Germain ◽  
Thomas J. Weigel ◽  
Christopher M. Tangren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

A Call to the Field: Complicated Grief in the DSM-5

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese A. Rando ◽  
Kenneth J. Doka ◽  
Stephen Fleming ◽  
Maria Helena Franco ◽  
Elizabeth A. Lobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Loss And Grief ◽  
Complex Dimensions ◽  
Ongoing Dialogue

While complicated grief has been addressed in part through some recommendations for modifications in the upcoming fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), there remain reasons for substantial concern about its scope therein and within clinical practice. The authors issue a call to the field, reiterating that complicated grief is complicated and cannot be confined to just one syndrome or disorder. Continued research is urged, and specific caveats are identified for exploring the complex dimensions of loss and grief. The authors advocate for ongoing dialogue about and investigation of various potential forms of complicated grief.

scholarly journals The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for fears and phobias

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2375-2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Loken ◽  
J. M. Hettema ◽  
S. H. Aggen ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Blood Injection ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Phobic Stimuli

BackgroundAlthough prior genetic studies of interview-assessed fears and phobias have shown that genetic factors predispose individuals to fears and phobias, they have been restricted to the DSM-III to DSM-IV aggregated subtypes of phobias rather than to individual fearful and phobic stimuli.MethodWe examined the lifetime history of fears and/or phobias in response to 21 individual phobic stimuli in 4067 personally interviewed twins from same-sex pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Disorders (VATSPSUD). We performed multivariate statistical analyses using Mx and Mplus.ResultsThe best-fitting model for the 21 phobic stimuli included four genetic factors (agora-social-acrophobia, animal phobia, blood-injection-illness phobia and claustrophobia) and three environmental factors (agora-social-hospital phobia, animal phobia, and situational phobia).ConclusionsThis study provides the first view of the architecture of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobic disorders and their subtypes. The genetic factors of the phobias support the DSM-IV and DSM-5 constructs of animal and blood-injection-injury phobias but do not support the separation of agoraphobia from social phobia. The results also do not show a coherent genetic factor for the DSM-IV and DSM-5 situational phobia. Finally, the patterns of co-morbidity across individual fears and phobias produced by genetic and environmental influences differ appreciably.

Empirically based subgrouping of eating disorders in adolescents: A longitudinal perspective

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thecla Van Der Ham ◽  
Jacqueline J. Meulman ◽  
Din C. Van Strien ◽  
Herman Van Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Spectrum Hypothesis ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundSuccessive DSM versions struggle with the heterogeneity of the eating disorders. Criteria were mainly based on clinical impressions and on descriptive and inferential studies.MethodIn a study of 55 eating-disordered adolescents, we investigated whether patients could be grouped on an empirical basis, using principal components analysis (PCA) with optimal scoring (scaling), i.e. PCA with no a priori assumptions. Clustering was based on Morgan-Russell subscales, each measured four times over the course of illness.ResultsContrary to DSM – IV criteria, patients did not cluster primarily on the basis of anorectic symptoms; the occurrence of bulimic symptoms was more dominant. Core symptomatology (preoccupation with food, disturbed body perception and inadequate sexual behaviour) did not differ between patients, either at referral or over time.ConclusionsThese results support the spectrum hypothesis of the eating disorders, which considers them as one syndrome with different manifestations.

scholarly journals Agreement between DSM-IV and DSM-5 measures of substance use disorders in a sample of adult substance users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofir Livne ◽  
Malka Stohl ◽  
Dvora Shmulewitz ◽  
Zachary Mannes ◽  
Deborah Hasin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Substance Users ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Similar Information ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractAimIn DSM-5, definitions of substance use disorders (SUD) were changed considerably from DSM-IV, yet little is known about how well DSM-IV and DSM-5 SUD diagnoses agree with each other within a series of individuals with substance use problems.MethodsPrevalences and chance-corrected agreement of DSM-5 SUD and DSM-IV substance dependence were evaluated in 588 adult substance users, interviewed by clinician interviewers using the semi-structured Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-5). Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, opioid, sedative, and stimulant use disorders were examined. Cohen’s kappa was used to assess agreement between DSM-5 and DSM-IV SUD (including abuse or dependence), DSM-5 SUD and DSM-IV dependence, and DSM-5 moderate-to-severe SUD and DSM-IV dependence.ResultsAgreement between DSM-5 and DSM-IV SUD was excellent for alcohol, cocaine, heroin, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants (κ=0.84; 0.91; 0.99; 0.96; 0.92; 0.97; respectively) and substantial for alcohol and tobacco (κ=0.75; 0.80, respectively). Agreement between DSM-5 SUD and DSM-IV substance dependence was excellent for cocaine, heroin, opioids, sedatives, and stimulants (κ=0.89; 0.97; 0.90; 0.88; 0.94, respectively) and substantial for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis (κ=0.75; 0.69; 0.63, respectively). Agreement between moderate and severe DSM-5 SUD and DSM-IV dependence was excellent across all substances.ConclusionFindings suggest that while care should always be used in interpreting the results of studies using different methods, studies relying on DSM-IV or DSM-5 SUD diagnostic criteria can be considered to offer similar information and thus can be compared when accumulating a body of evidence on a particular issue regarding substance use.

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