scholarly journals Experimental Parasite Infection Causes Genome-Wide Changes in DNA Methylation

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Sagonas ◽  
Britta S Meyer ◽  
Joshka Kaufmann ◽  
Tobias L Lenz ◽  
Robert Häsler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Neuropeptide Ff ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
And Control

Abstract Parasites are arguably among the strongest drivers of natural selection, constraining hosts to evolve resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Although, the genetic basis of adaptation to parasite infection has been widely studied, little is known about how epigenetic changes contribute to parasite resistance and eventually, adaptation. Here, we investigated the role of host DNA methylation modifications to respond to parasite infections. In a controlled infection experiment, we used the three-spined stickleback fish, a model species for host–parasite studies, and their nematode parasite Camallanus lacustris. We showed that the levels of DNA methylation are higher in infected fish. Results furthermore suggest correlations between DNA methylation and shifts in key fitness and immune traits between infected and control fish, including respiratory burst and functional trans-generational traits such as the concentration of motile sperm. We revealed that genes associated with metabolic, developmental, and regulatory processes (cell death and apoptosis) were differentially methylated between infected and control fish. Interestingly, genes such as the neuropeptide FF receptor 2 and the integrin alpha 1 as well as molecular pathways including the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation were hypermethylated in infected fish, suggesting parasite-mediated repression mechanisms of immune responses. Altogether, we demonstrate that parasite infection contributes to genome-wide DNA methylation modifications. Our study brings novel insights into the evolution of vertebrate immunity and suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are complementary to genetic responses against parasite-mediated selection.

scholarly journals A Pathway Analysis Based on Genome-Wide DNA Methylation of Chinese Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Xin ◽  
Lin Hua ◽  
Yi-Lin Yang ◽  
Ting-Ting Shi ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulatory Activity ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Graves Orbitopathy ◽  
And Control

Background. The pathogenesis Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is not yet fully understood. Here, we conducted a pathway analysis based on genome-wide DNA methylation data of Chinese GO patients to explore GO-related pathways and potential feature genes. Methods. Six GO patients and 6 age-matched control individuals were recruited, and a genome-scale screen of DNA methylation was measured using their peripheral blood sample. After extracting the differentially methylated regions (DMRs), we classified DMRs into three clusters with respect to median absolute deviation (MAD) for GO and control group, respectively. Then the extract tests were performed to identify significant pathways by comparing the counts of genes in each cluster between GO and control group in a pathway. For each significant pathway, we calculated the Methylation-based Inference of Regulatory Activity (MIRA) score to infer the regulatory activity of genes involved in the pathway. Furthermore, we took the significant pathways as the subsets and applied Random forests (RF) method to extract GO-related feature genes. Results. We identified four potential significant pathways associated with the occurrence and development of GO disease. There were Toxoplasmosis, Axon guidance, Focal adhesion, and Proteoglycans in cancer (p<0.001 or p=0.007). The identified genes involved in the significant pathways, such as LDLR (p=0.019), CDK5 (p=0.036), and PIK3CB (p=0.020), were found to be correlated with GO phenotype. Conclusion. Our study suggested pathway analyses can help understand the potential relationships between the DNA methylation level of some certain genes and their regulation in Chinese GO patients.

Helminth parasite problems and control options for the ruminant livestock industries

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 231-231
Author(s):  
Peter J Waller
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Helminth Parasite ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Nematode parasite infections are now being recognised as possibly the greatest disease problem of grazing livestock industries, worldwide. Often parasites were considered to be of greatest concern in countries of the tropics and subtropics. This is based on the perception that parasites are either not as pathogenic, or are better controlled, in grazing livestock industries in the temperate regions of the world. Unfortunately this is not the case. The hidden costs of nematode parasite infection, particularly in young ruminants, are substantial even in Europe. This is now especially so, when one considers that maintaining livestock for longer periods on pasture is becoming and economic, environmental and animal welfare necessity.

Immobilization antibodies of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes induced by i.p. injection against monogenean Heterobothrium okamotoi oncomiracidia do not prevent the infection

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. UMEDA ◽  
A. HATANAKA ◽  
N. HIRAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Infected Fish ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Specific Antibody Production ◽  
Tiger Puffer ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYWe examined whether infection by the monogenean Heterobothrium okamotoi induces production of specific antibodies against oncomiracidia and their cilia, larvae on the gills, and adults on the branchial cavity wall of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. We also investigated whether specific antibody production participates in acquired protection against H. okamotoi. Sera from persistently infected fish immobilized H. okamotoi oncomiracidia 89 days after exposure and antibody levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) in the sera against oncomiracidia and their cilia increased compared with sera from control (naïve) fish. Antibody levels in these sera against the larvae and adult stages did not increase. The number of H. okamotoi on persistently infected fish was significantly lower than for control fish (P<0·05) when persistently infected fish and control fish were exposed to oncomiracidia in the same tank. Thus tiger puffer produced specific antibodies against oncomiracidia and their cilia, and acquired partial protection against H. okamotoi. Intraperitoneal injection of proteins of sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia with an adjuvant also produced oncomiracidium agglutination antibodies in sera from tiger puffer; the antibody levels in these sera against oncomiracidia and their cilia increased compared with sera from control fish (injection of BSA with an adjuvant) at 14, 44, and 75 days after the booster immunization. However, in a parasite challenge at 54–58 days after the booster immunization, the infection levels of fish immunized with parasites of sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia were the same as the control fish. Western blot showed that sera from persistently infected fish and fish immunized with sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia recognized similar antigenic bands, suggesting that tiger puffer tends to react against these antigens compared with other antigens. These results indicated that specific antibodies against these cilia and oncomiracidia induced by i.p. injection do not prevent H. okamotoi infection.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Mixed Ancestry Individuals with Diabetes and Prediabetes from South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tandi E. Matsha ◽  
Carmen Pheiffer ◽  
Stephen E. Humphries ◽  
Junaid Gamieldien ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
And Control

Aims. To conduct a genome-wide DNA methylation in individuals with type 2 diabetes, individuals with prediabetes, and control mixed ancestry individuals from South Africa.Methods. We used peripheral blood to perform genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in 3 individuals with screen detected diabetes, 3 individuals with prediabetes, and 3 individuals with normoglycaemia from the Bellville South Community, Cape Town, South Africa, who were age-, gender-, body mass index-, and duration of residency-matched. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) was performed by Arraystar Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA).Results. Hypermethylated DMRs were 1160 (81.97%) and 124 (43.20%), respectively, in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes when both were compared to subjects with normoglycaemia. Our data shows that genes related to the immune system, signal transduction, glucose transport, and pancreas development have altered DNA methylation in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes. Pathway analysis based on the functional analysis mapping of genes to KEGG pathways suggested that the linoleic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways are hypomethylated in prediabetes and diabetes.Conclusions. Our study suggests that epigenetic changes are likely to be an early process that occurs before the onset of overt diabetes. Detailed analysis of DMRs that shows gradual methylation differences from control versus prediabetes to prediabetes versus diabetes in a larger sample size is required to confirm these findings.

Relative Resistances of Three Transferrin Genotypes of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Their Hematological Responses to Bacterial Kidney Disease

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Suzumoto ◽  
Carl B. Schreck ◽  
John D. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
And Control

Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of three transferrin genotypes (AA, AC, and CC) were experimentally infected with the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) and mortalities observed. Six experimental and control groups were used: 1) bacteria-infected + no Fe+3; 2) bacteria-infected + low Fe+3 levels; 3) bacteria-infected + high Fe+3 levels; 4) saline control; 5) high Fe+3 control; and 6) low Fe+3 control. In all experimental groups, the AA genotype was the most susceptible to BKD and the CC genotype the most resistant. Addition of exogenous iron did not appear to increase the pathogenicity of the disease. Distribution and uptake of radioiron (59Fe) in control and BKD-infected fish was studied. BKD-infected fish were found to have consistently higher levels of 59Fe in whole blood, plasma, and liver than control fish. In control and experimental fish, spleen, head kidney, and liver tissues were found to accumulate 59Fe, while white muscle and gall bladder tissues did not. The effect of BKD on certain hematological characteristics also was determined. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, plasma iron, and plasma corticoid levels all may have decreased with the progression of BKD.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Dynamics During Drought Responsiveness in Tibetan Hulless Barley

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunzhu Jabu ◽  
Zhaiming Yu ◽  
Qijun Xu ◽  
Haizhen Yang ◽  
Wang Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Differentially Methylated Region ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tibetan Hulless Barley ◽  
And Control

Abstract Differences in drought stress tolerance within diverse grass genotypes have been attributed to epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic alteration regulating responses to drought-stress. However, its effects on drought-tolerance are poorly understood in Tibetan hulless barley. Here, bisulfite sequencing was conducted to profile the DNA methylation patterns of drought-tolerant variety XL and drought-sensitive one DQ under drought and control conditions. A total of 5843 million reads were generated. We found the significant genome-wide changes in CHH methylation rates between XL and DQ, while CG or CHG methylation rates did not. Besides that, the two contrasting varieties do reveal distinct responses to drought-stress in differentially methylated region (DMR) numbers and antioxidant activities. Genes in drought-tolerant varieties XL are rapidly and significantly methylated to alleviate the drought stress. DMR related genes in XL might involve in defense response and response to stimuli, which are confirmed by gene ontology analysis. Then, we focused on 1003 transcription factors and identified 15 specific DMR related transcription factors exhibiting specific methylation changes under drought stimuli. Finally, we identified three DMR related TFs (HVUL6H08680.2, HVUL4 h39100.2, and HVUL2H41931.2) where Arabidopsis homologues involve in responses to drought conditions. Altogether, DNA methylation regulate responsiveness to environmental stimuli, which could be mediated by methylation of transcription factors in hulless barely.

DNA methylation differences in cortical grey and white matter in schizophrenia

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Berdenis van Berlekom ◽  
Nina Notman ◽  
Marjolein AM Sneeboer ◽  
Gijsje JLJ Snijders ◽  
Lotte C Houtepen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cortical Tissue ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dna Methylation Analysis

Aim: Identify grey- and white-matter-specific DNA-methylation differences between schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and controls in postmortem brain cortical tissue. Materials & methods: Grey and white matter were separated from postmortem brain tissue of the superior temporal and medial frontal gyrus from SCZ (n = 10) and control (n = 11) cases. Genome-wide DNA-methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium EPIC Methylation Array (Illumina, CA, USA). Results: Four differentially methylated regions associated with SCZ status and tissue type (grey vs white matter) were identified within or near KLF9, SFXN1, SPRED2 and ALS2CL genes. Gene-expression analysis showed differential expression of KLF9 and SFXN1 in SCZ. Conclusion: Our data show distinct differences in DNA methylation between grey and white matter that are unique to SCZ, providing new leads to unravel the pathogenesis of SCZ.

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARASITIC INFECTION AND KNOWLEDGE, HYGIENIC PRACTICAL MEASURES OF PARASITIC INFECTIOUS PREVENTION IN VINH THAI COMMUNITY

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Intestinal Parasite Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Intestinal parasite infections werecommonintropical country such as Vietnam. Having good knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and changing risk behaviors can decrease the infection rate. Objective: To evaluate the parasitic infectious rate in Vinh Thai community before and after being health education and the changing of knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and risk behaviors. Materials and methods: 60 households in Vinh Thai commune were interviewed their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention and examined intestinal parasite infection by Kato technique and then trained the knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention. The interview and examination parasite infectiousrate were carried out after 6 months to evaluating their knowledge. Result: Before health education, the rate of intestinal parasite infection was 17.4% with the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, whipworm, pinworm, small fluke worm and co-infection with A. lumbricoides - whipworm, hookworm-whipworm were 0.1%; 8.0%; 5.8%; 0.6%; 0.3%; 1.2% and 3.0% respectively. Six months later the rate of intestinal parasite infection was decreased in 12.6% even though not statistical significantly. However, there were no case of small fluke worm and co-infection with hookworm-whipworm. Receiving health education, their knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention was higher significantly but their risk behaviors were not changed so much. Conclusion: Health education can change the rate of parasite infection with higher knowledge of parasitic infectious prevention but it was necessary continuous study to change the risk behaviors. Key words: intestinal parasite, health education

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