Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to be central players in the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. There is an accumulation of evidence on newly discovered lncRNAs, their molecular interactions and their roles in the development and progression of human brain tumors. LncRNAs can have either tumor suppressive or oncogenic functions in different brain cancers, making them attractive therapeutic targets and biomarkers for personalized therapy and precision diagnostics. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the lncRNAs that have been implicated in brain cancer pathogenesis, particularly in gliomas and medulloblastomas. We discuss their epigenetic regulation as well as the prospects of using lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in patients with brain tumors.

Download Full-text

The Role of miR-210 in the Biological System: A Current Overview

Human Heredity ◽

10.1159/000509280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 233-239

Author(s):

Xu Hui ◽

Hisham Al-Ward ◽

Fahmi Shaher ◽

Chun-Yang Liu ◽

Ning Liu

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

System A ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽

A Current

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a group of non-coding RNAs measuring 19–23 nucleotides in length and are recognized as powerful molecules that regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells. miRNAs stimulate the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via direct or indirect mechanisms. Summary: miR-210 is highly upregulated in cells under hypoxia, thereby revealing its significance to cell endurance. Induction of this mRNA expression is an important feature of the cellular low-oxygen response and the most consistent and vigorous target of HIF. Key Message: miR-210 is involved in many cellular functions under the effect of HIF-1α, including the cell cycle, DNA repair, immunity and inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and macrophage regulation. It also plays an important regulatory role in T-cell differentiation and stimulation.

Download Full-text

The biological characteristics of transcription factors AP-2α and AP-2γ and their importance in various types of cancers

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20181928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Damian Kołat ◽

Żaneta Kałuzińska ◽

Andrzej K. Bednarek ◽

Elżbieta Płuciennik

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Oncological Patients ◽

Wide Range ◽

Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The Activator Protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family is vital for the regulation of gene expression during early development as well as carcinogenesis process. The review focusses on the AP-2α and AP-2γ proteins and their dualistic regulation of gene expression in the process of carcinogenesis. Both AP-2α and AP-2γ influence a wide range of physiological or pathological processes by regulating different pathways and interacting with diverse molecules, i.e. other proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) or miRNAs. This review summarizes the newest information about the biology of two, AP-2α and AP-2γ, TFs in the carcinogenesis process. We emphasize that these two proteins could have either oncogenic or suppressive characteristics depending on the type of cancer tissue or their interaction with specific molecules. They have also been found to contribute to resistance and sensitivity to chemotherapy in oncological patients. A better understanding of molecular network of AP-2 factors and other molecules may clarify the atypical molecular mechanisms occurring during carcinogenesis, and may assist in the recognition of new diagnostic biomarkers.

Download Full-text

Rough hypercuboid based supervised clustering of miRNAs

Molecular BioSystems ◽

10.1039/c5mb00213c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 2068-2081 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sushmita Paul ◽

Julio Vera

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Rna Silencing ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Supervised Clustering ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

The microRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs found in plants, animals, and some viruses, which function in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

Download Full-text

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190110161034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (39) ◽

pp. 4659-4667 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mona Fani ◽

Milad Zandi ◽

Majid Rezayi ◽

Nastaran Khodadad ◽

Hadis Langari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Infections ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Main Function ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Viral Genes ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

Download Full-text