MO633GLYCAEMIC MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS EVALUATED BY LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING*

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bomholt ◽  
Marianne Rix ◽  
Thomas Peter Almdal ◽  
Filip K Knop ◽  
Susanne Rosthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensor Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Abstract Background and Aims The reliability of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a glycaemic marker in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) remains unknown. To assess accuracy, we compared HbA1c and fructosamine levels with interstitial glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving HD. Method The HD group (maintenance HD and type 2 diabetes) comprised 30 patients who completed the study period of 17 weeks; the control group (type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2) comprised 36 individuals. CGM (Ipro2®, Medtronic) for periods up to seven days was performed five times (with four weeks intervals) during a 16-week period. HbA1c and fructosamine were measured at week 17. The mean sensor glucose from CGM was compared with the measured HbA1c, its estimated mean blood glucose (eMBGA1c) and fructosamine levels. Results In the HD group, the mean sensor glucose from CGM was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.8) mmol/L higher than the eMBGA1c, whereas the difference was 0.1 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.1–[0.4]; P<0.001) in the control group. Adjusted for the mean sensor glucose, HbA1c was -7.3 (95% CI: -10.0–[-4.7]) mmol/mol lower in the HD group than in controls (P<0.001), whereas no difference was detected for fructosamine (P=0.64). Conclusion HbA1c evaluated by CGM underestimates mean blood glucose levels in patients receiving maintenance HD; fructosamine appears to be more accurate. CGM-assessed blood glucose could complement or replace HbA1c in patients where HbA1c underestimates blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Parotid Salivary Glucose Level for Clinical Diagnosis and Monitoring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Zhao Zhu ◽  
Zhihong Ma ◽  
Songlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Mixed Saliva

Background. To investigate the relationships among blood glucose, mixed saliva glucose, and parotid glucose in type 2 diabetes patients and to evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring value of salivary gland glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (type 2DM). Material and Methods. Thirty patients with type 2DM and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals were included in this study. Glucose levels in unstimulated mixed saliva and in unstimulated parotid saliva were measured by the glucose oxidase peroxidase method. Results. The blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose levels in type 2DM patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). The blood glucose, parotid salivary glucose, and mixed salivary glucose were 7.46±1.44 mmol/L, 0.18±0.19 mmol/L, and 3.17×10-2±2.84×10-2 mmol/L, respectively, in the type 2DM group; the corresponding glucose levels in the control group were 5.56±0.71 mmol/L, 7.70×10-2±6.02×10-2 mmol/L, and 3.47×10-2±2.79×10-2 mmol/L. The parotid salivary and blood glucose levels in type 2DM patients were strongly correlated; the linear regression equation for blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose was Y=6.267X+6.360, with r=0.810. However, mixed salivary glucose levels were not significantly different in the type 2 diabetes group compared with the control group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that parotid salivary glucose has potential as a biomarker to monitor type 2DM and as a painless, noninvasive method for the management of type 2DM.

The Accuracy of Hemoglobin A1c and Fructosamine Evaluated by Long-Term Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tobias Bomholt ◽  
Marianne Rix ◽  
Thomas Almdal ◽  
Filip K. Knop ◽  
Susanne Rosthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sensor Glucose

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The accuracy of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a glycemic marker in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) receiving hemodialysis (HD) remains unknown. To assess accuracy, we compared HbA1c and fructosamine levels with interstitial glucose measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with T2D receiving HD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients in the HD group and 36 patients in the control group (T2D and an estimated glomerular filtration rate &#x3e;60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) completed the study period of 17 weeks. CGM (Ipro2<sup>®</sup>, Medtronic) was performed 5 times for periods of up to 7 days (with 4-week intervals) during a 16-week period. HbA1c (mmol/mol), the estimated mean plasma glucose from HbA1c (eMPGA1c [mmol/L]) and fructosamine (μmol/L) was measured at week 17 and compared with mean sensor glucose levels from CGM. <b><i>Findings:</i></b> In the HD group, mean sensor glucose was 1.4 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.8) higher than the eMPGA1c, whereas the difference for controls was 0.1 mmol/L (95% CI: −0.1–[0.4]; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Adjusted for mean sensor glucose, HbA1c was lower in the HD group (−7.3 mmol/mol, 95% CI: −10.0–[−4.7]) than in the control group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), with no difference detected for fructosamine (<i>p</i> = 0.64). <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> HbA1c evaluated by CGM underestimates plasma glucose levels in patients receiving HD. The underestimation represents a clinical challenge in optimizing glycemic control in the HD population. Fructosamine is unaffected by the factors affecting HbA1c and appears to be more accurate for glycemic monitoring. CGM or fructosamine could thus complement HbA1c in obtaining more accurate glycemic control in this patient group.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Realtime Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People with Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Susan Walker ◽  
Stephanie J Fonda ◽  
Sara Salkind ◽  
Robert A Vigersky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Previous research has shown that realtime continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) is a useful clinical and lifestyle aid for people with type 1 diabetes. However, its usefulness and efficacy for people with type 2 diabetes is less known and potentially controversial, given the continuing controversy over the efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in this cohort. This article reviews theextantliterature on RT-CGM for people with type 2 diabetes, and enumerates several of the advantages and disadvantages of this technology from the perspective of providers and patients. Even patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin and/or are relatively well controlled on oral medications have been shown to spend a significant amount of time each day in hyperglycemia. Additional tools beyond SMBG are necessary to enable providers and patients to clearly grasp and manage the frequency and amplitude of glucose excursions in people with type 2 diabetes who are not on insulin. While SMBG is useful for measuring blood glucose levels, patients do not regularly check and SMBG does not enable many to adequately manage blood glucose levels or capture marked and sustained hyperglycemic excursions. RT-CGM systems, valuable diabetes management tools for people with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, have recently been used in type 2 diabetes patients. Theextantstudies, although few, have demonstrated that the use of RT-CGM has empowered people with type 2 diabetes to improve their glycemic control by making and sustaining healthy lifestyle choices.

Effect of bilateral needling at an acupuncture point, ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
Reema Ningombam ◽  
L. Nivethitha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Placebo Control Group

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the major current public health problems. Electro-acupuncture at ST-36 showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. There are lacks of studies reporting its hypoglycemic effect in humans and thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of needling at ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSixty T2DM participants were recruited and randomized into acupuncture group (n=30) and placebo control group (n=30). The participants of the acupuncture group received needling at ST-36 (one finger breadth lateral to the inferior border of the tibial tuberosity), and the participants those in the placebo control group received needling at placebo point (midpoint between the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity). For both the groups, needles were retained for 30 min. Baseline and post-test assessments were performed prior to and after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.ResultsThe present study showed a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels in the acupuncture group compared to the placebo control group.ConclusionThis study suggests that 30 min of bilateral acupuncture needling at ST-36 with manual stimulation is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RELAKSASI AUTOGENIK TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADAPASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lina Limbong ◽  
Ridha Darma Jaya ◽  
Yesi Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose ◽  
Autogenic Relaxation ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes relative insulin deficiency so that blood glucose regulation becomes screwed, eventually causing hyperglycemia. When it is left untreated can lead to complications. Complications in diabetic patients undergoing indicate hospitalization for management of blood glucose levels. Such conditions often make the patient stress and anxiety experiencing great that ultimately may increase blood glucose levels. Autogenic relaxation is the relaxation that comes from yourself form of words or short sentences or thoughts that can make the mind peaceful. Autogenic relaxation response can divert our bodies consciously by the command of yourself, it can help fight the harmful effects of stress. Autogenic relaxation could be expected to control blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation on blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Research design was quasi-experimental with pre and post with control group, for each sample group consisted of 31 people with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate. The statistical test used the Wilcoxon Sign-Range Test and Mann Whitney U . Analysis showed there is effect of autogenic relaxation to decrease blood glucose levels (p = 0.001). The conclusion of study, there are significant autogenic relaxation to decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Results of this study can be input for nursing services to make the autogenic relaxation womanly one independent nursing interventions in providing nursing care to patients with DM Type 2 Keywords: Autogenic relaxation, blood glucose levels, type 2 diabetes   Abstrak Pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 relatif mengalami kekurangan insulin sehingga pengaturan kadar glukosa darah menjadi tidak terkontrol, pada akhirnya menyebabkan hiperglikemia. Bilamana hal ini tidak ditangani dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Komplikasi pada diabetes mengindikasikan pasien menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit untuk pengelolaan kadar glukosa darah. Kondisi seperti ini sering membuat pasien stres dan mengalami kecemasan yang hebat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah. Relaksasi autogenik merupakan relaksasi yang bersumber dari diri sendiri berupa kata-kata atau kalimat pendek atau pikiran yang dapat membuat pikiran tentram. Relaksasi autogenik dapat mengalihkan respon tubuh kita secara sadar berdasarkan perintah dari diri sendiri, maka dapat membantu melawan efek stres yang berbahaya. Relaksasi autogenik diduga dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini kuasi eksperimen dengan pre and post with control group, untuk masing-masing kelompok terdiri 31 orang sampel dengan tehnik  consecutive sampling. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan Wilcoxon Sign Range Test dan Mann Whitney U. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah (p=0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, ada pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pelayanan keperawatan untuk menjadikan relaksasi autogenik menjasi salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Kata kunci : Relaksasi autogenik, Kadar glukosa darah, diabetes melitus tipe 2 Full printable version: PDF

scholarly journals PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY APPROACH TO IMPROVE RECOVERY MOTIVATION, DECREASE CORTISOL AND BLOOD GLUCOSE OF DM TYPE 2 PATIENTS WITH DHIKR THERAPY

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rifka Pahlevi ◽  
Suhartono Taat Putra ◽  
Sriyono Sriyono
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Perception ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Introduction: Blood glucose levels are controlled when the management of diabetes success. Positive perception of the strength of the spiritual aspect will improve the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes to control it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dhikr based on psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) on blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study used quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control group design. Samples were taken from the population of patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya with purposive sampling techniques. Data taken include the general characteristics of respondents, cures motivation, cortisol levels and fasting blood glucose levels. Collecting data using questionnaires and laboratory test, then analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test, with α value <0.05. Results: Statistical test showed that the motivation to recover increased (p = 0.001), cortisol levels fall (p = 0.058) and a drop in blood glucose levels (p = 0.028) after administration of dhikr therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. There was a significant difference in increased of recovery motivation between patient conduct zikr therapy and patient cared (p = 0,000). Conclusion: Dhikr therapy increases the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes by strengthening awareness and spirituality belief in Allah make positive stress perception. Positive stress perception will affect the stress response and improved regulation of blood glucose through the HPA axis to suppress the secretion of CRH, ACTH, and cortisol.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION OF DRUG INFORMATION BY PHARMACIST ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND THERAPEUTIC TARGET TO TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS OUTPATIENTS IN HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Puji Asmini
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Objective: The study aims to determine the influence of education of drug information by the pharmacist on the improvement of knowledge and therapeutic target to type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.Methods: The research used the quasi-experimental method, repeated measure experiment design, pre-posttest design with the prospective patient data retrieval. 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were used as the subjects of the research divided into three groups (two test groups and one control group). In the test1 group, patients were educated about the drug information through leaflets and through oral explanation, the test 2 group through leaflets, and a control group through leaflets once at the beginning of the study. The study lasted for three months in which in every month fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) and blood glucose levels were analyzed within two hours after a meal (BG2PP) and given questionnaires knowledge to see the socio-demographic profile, knowledge, and blood glucose level of the patient. The data analysis used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16 in the form of analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way anova test.Results: The results showed that the education of the drug information by a pharmacist using leaflets and oral explanation in the test1 group was able to improve knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital, in comparison to the leaflets giving information only to the test 2 group and control group. The education of drug information on the test 1 group was able to improve the patients' knowledge reaching 100%. Type 2 diabetes outpatients in the test 1 group could achieve a reduction in blood sugar levels, to the FBG level (136.47±36.08) mg/dl and BG2PP levels (193.43±58.21) mg/dl.Conclusion: The education of drug information from the pharmacist had the influence to improves the knowledge and therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.

Evaluating the Effect of Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora Extracts on Blood Glucose Levels in Human Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individual: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610-1616
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kaempferia Parviflora ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Volten VR4® capsules contain extract of Kaempferia parviflora (KP), which has been claimed to reduce blood glucose in patients with diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Volten VR4® on healthy individuals and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus volunteers. Materials and Methods: The extracts of 400 mg capsules of KP were consumed for five days. The fasting and blood glucose levels of 2-hour postprandial were measured at baseline and day 5. A group of 15 healthy young adults between the age of 20- and 30-years old were the control group of the present study, while 12 volunteers aged 35 to 75 years old diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus constituted the experimental group. Data were validated through the Willcoxon and Friedman test statistics and error distribution. Results: It had been shown that the specificity of KP reduced blood glucose levels and has associated with the flavonoids and polymethoxyflavones components. The results showed that consuming VR4® capsules significantly reduced blood glucose, either at the state of fasting or postprandially in diabetic individual. Conclusion: Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora extract is safe to be consumed at 400 mg at one time. The study also has shown that the participants are free from adverse reactions and hypoglycaemia. Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora; Blood glucose; Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus; Flavonoids; Polymethoxyflavones; Hypoglycemia and heavy metal elements

scholarly journals Ahr and CYP1B1 gene expression in type 2 diabetes patients in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Duc ◽  
Nguyen Trung Nam
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease, which has risen dramatically in many countries in the world, including Vietnam. Recently, there is increasing evidence about the link between type 2 diabetes and the exposure to Ahr ligands such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the experimental animal model. In the cell, after activation by the ligands, Ahr moves from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the nuclear translocator, resulting in transcription of target genes such as Cyp1b1. The development of type 2 diabetes was shown in some people who exposed to TCDD. However, the role of Ahr/Cyp1b1 genes in type 2 diabetes patients has not been elucidated. In this study, the expression of the Ahr and Cyp1b1 genes in blood samples collected from patients with type 2 diabetes and controls was studied for the first time in Vietnam. Analysis of blood glucose showed that this index in the type 2 diabetes patients was higher than that in the control group. Using real-time PCR method, the results showed that the expression of Ahr and Cyp1b1 in type 2 diabetes patients was significantly higher than that in control group. In addition, the expression of Ahr and Cyp1b1 was positively correlated with the blood glucose levels of both groups. These results are initial evidence for the link between activation of Ahr/Cyp1b1 signaling pathway and level of blood glucose so that Ahr/Cyp1b1 genes can be potential targets to treat type 2 diabetes.

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