scholarly journals Evaluation of Parotid Salivary Glucose Level for Clinical Diagnosis and Monitoring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Zhao Zhu ◽  
Zhihong Ma ◽  
Songlin Wang ◽  
...  

Background. To investigate the relationships among blood glucose, mixed saliva glucose, and parotid glucose in type 2 diabetes patients and to evaluate the diagnostic and monitoring value of salivary gland glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (type 2DM). Material and Methods. Thirty patients with type 2DM and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals were included in this study. Glucose levels in unstimulated mixed saliva and in unstimulated parotid saliva were measured by the glucose oxidase peroxidase method. Results. The blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose levels in type 2DM patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). The blood glucose, parotid salivary glucose, and mixed salivary glucose were 7.46±1.44 mmol/L, 0.18±0.19 mmol/L, and 3.17×10-2±2.84×10-2 mmol/L, respectively, in the type 2DM group; the corresponding glucose levels in the control group were 5.56±0.71 mmol/L, 7.70×10-2±6.02×10-2 mmol/L, and 3.47×10-2±2.79×10-2 mmol/L. The parotid salivary and blood glucose levels in type 2DM patients were strongly correlated; the linear regression equation for blood glucose and parotid salivary glucose was Y=6.267X+6.360, with r=0.810. However, mixed salivary glucose levels were not significantly different in the type 2 diabetes group compared with the control group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that parotid salivary glucose has potential as a biomarker to monitor type 2DM and as a painless, noninvasive method for the management of type 2DM.

Author(s):  
A. Mooventhan ◽  
Reema Ningombam ◽  
L. Nivethitha

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the major current public health problems. Electro-acupuncture at ST-36 showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. There are lacks of studies reporting its hypoglycemic effect in humans and thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of needling at ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSixty T2DM participants were recruited and randomized into acupuncture group (n=30) and placebo control group (n=30). The participants of the acupuncture group received needling at ST-36 (one finger breadth lateral to the inferior border of the tibial tuberosity), and the participants those in the placebo control group received needling at placebo point (midpoint between the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity). For both the groups, needles were retained for 30 min. Baseline and post-test assessments were performed prior to and after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.ResultsThe present study showed a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels in the acupuncture group compared to the placebo control group.ConclusionThis study suggests that 30 min of bilateral acupuncture needling at ST-36 with manual stimulation is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lina Limbong ◽  
Ridha Darma Jaya ◽  
Yesi Ariani

Abstract Patients with type 2 diabetes relative insulin deficiency so that blood glucose regulation becomes screwed, eventually causing hyperglycemia. When it is left untreated can lead to complications. Complications in diabetic patients undergoing indicate hospitalization for management of blood glucose levels. Such conditions often make the patient stress and anxiety experiencing great that ultimately may increase blood glucose levels. Autogenic relaxation is the relaxation that comes from yourself form of words or short sentences or thoughts that can make the mind peaceful. Autogenic relaxation response can divert our bodies consciously by the command of yourself, it can help fight the harmful effects of stress. Autogenic relaxation could be expected to control blood glucose levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of autogenic relaxation on blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Research design was quasi-experimental with pre and post with control group, for each sample group consisted of 31 people with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate. The statistical test used the Wilcoxon Sign-Range Test and Mann Whitney U . Analysis showed there is effect of autogenic relaxation to decrease blood glucose levels (p = 0.001). The conclusion of study, there are significant autogenic relaxation to decrease blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Results of this study can be input for nursing services to make the autogenic relaxation womanly one independent nursing interventions in providing nursing care to patients with DM Type 2 Keywords: Autogenic relaxation, blood glucose levels, type 2 diabetes   Abstrak Pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 relatif mengalami kekurangan insulin sehingga pengaturan kadar glukosa darah menjadi tidak terkontrol, pada akhirnya menyebabkan hiperglikemia. Bilamana hal ini tidak ditangani dapat menyebabkan komplikasi. Komplikasi pada diabetes mengindikasikan pasien menjalani perawatan di rumah sakit untuk pengelolaan kadar glukosa darah. Kondisi seperti ini sering membuat pasien stres dan mengalami kecemasan yang hebat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah. Relaksasi autogenik merupakan relaksasi yang bersumber dari diri sendiri berupa kata-kata atau kalimat pendek atau pikiran yang dapat membuat pikiran tentram. Relaksasi autogenik dapat mengalihkan respon tubuh kita secara sadar berdasarkan perintah dari diri sendiri, maka dapat membantu melawan efek stres yang berbahaya. Relaksasi autogenik diduga dapat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Desain penelitian ini kuasi eksperimen dengan pre and post with control group, untuk masing-masing kelompok terdiri 31 orang sampel dengan tehnik  consecutive sampling. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji statistik yang digunakan Wilcoxon Sign Range Test dan Mann Whitney U. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah (p=0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini, ada pengaruh relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pelayanan keperawatan untuk menjadikan relaksasi autogenik menjasi salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien DM Tipe 2. Kata kunci : Relaksasi autogenik, Kadar glukosa darah, diabetes melitus tipe 2 Full printable version: PDF


Jurnal NERS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rifka Pahlevi ◽  
Suhartono Taat Putra ◽  
Sriyono Sriyono

Introduction: Blood glucose levels are controlled when the management of diabetes success. Positive perception of the strength of the spiritual aspect will improve the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes to control it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dhikr based on psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) on blood glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study used quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control group design. Samples were taken from the population of patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya with purposive sampling techniques. Data taken include the general characteristics of respondents, cures motivation, cortisol levels and fasting blood glucose levels. Collecting data using questionnaires and laboratory test, then analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test, with α value <0.05. Results: Statistical test showed that the motivation to recover increased (p = 0.001), cortisol levels fall (p = 0.058) and a drop in blood glucose levels (p = 0.028) after administration of dhikr therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. There was a significant difference in increased of recovery motivation between patient conduct zikr therapy and patient cared (p = 0,000). Conclusion: Dhikr therapy increases the motivation of patients with type 2 diabetes by strengthening awareness and spirituality belief in Allah make positive stress perception. Positive stress perception will affect the stress response and improved regulation of blood glucose through the HPA axis to suppress the secretion of CRH, ACTH, and cortisol.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Bomholt ◽  
Marianne Rix ◽  
Thomas Peter Almdal ◽  
Filip K Knop ◽  
Susanne Rosthøj ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aims The reliability of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a glycaemic marker in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) remains unknown. To assess accuracy, we compared HbA1c and fructosamine levels with interstitial glucose levels measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving HD. Method The HD group (maintenance HD and type 2 diabetes) comprised 30 patients who completed the study period of 17 weeks; the control group (type 2 diabetes and an estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2) comprised 36 individuals. CGM (Ipro2®, Medtronic) for periods up to seven days was performed five times (with four weeks intervals) during a 16-week period. HbA1c and fructosamine were measured at week 17. The mean sensor glucose from CGM was compared with the measured HbA1c, its estimated mean blood glucose (eMBGA1c) and fructosamine levels. Results In the HD group, the mean sensor glucose from CGM was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.8) mmol/L higher than the eMBGA1c, whereas the difference was 0.1 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.1–[0.4]; P&lt;0.001) in the control group. Adjusted for the mean sensor glucose, HbA1c was -7.3 (95% CI: -10.0–[-4.7]) mmol/mol lower in the HD group than in controls (P&lt;0.001), whereas no difference was detected for fructosamine (P=0.64). Conclusion HbA1c evaluated by CGM underestimates mean blood glucose levels in patients receiving maintenance HD; fructosamine appears to be more accurate. CGM-assessed blood glucose could complement or replace HbA1c in patients where HbA1c underestimates blood glucose levels.


Author(s):  
Puji Asmini

Objective: The study aims to determine the influence of education of drug information by the pharmacist on the improvement of knowledge and therapeutic target to type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.Methods: The research used the quasi-experimental method, repeated measure experiment design, pre-posttest design with the prospective patient data retrieval. 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were used as the subjects of the research divided into three groups (two test groups and one control group). In the test1 group, patients were educated about the drug information through leaflets and through oral explanation, the test 2 group through leaflets, and a control group through leaflets once at the beginning of the study. The study lasted for three months in which in every month fasting blood glucose levels (FBG) and blood glucose levels were analyzed within two hours after a meal (BG2PP) and given questionnaires knowledge to see the socio-demographic profile, knowledge, and blood glucose level of the patient. The data analysis used the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16 in the form of analysis Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way anova test.Results: The results showed that the education of the drug information by a pharmacist using leaflets and oral explanation in the test1 group was able to improve knowledge of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital, in comparison to the leaflets giving information only to the test 2 group and control group. The education of drug information on the test 1 group was able to improve the patients' knowledge reaching 100%. Type 2 diabetes outpatients in the test 1 group could achieve a reduction in blood sugar levels, to the FBG level (136.47±36.08) mg/dl and BG2PP levels (193.43±58.21) mg/dl.Conclusion: The education of drug information from the pharmacist had the influence to improves the knowledge and therapeutic target of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital.


2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1610-1616

Background: Volten VR4® capsules contain extract of Kaempferia parviflora (KP), which has been claimed to reduce blood glucose in patients with diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Volten VR4® on healthy individuals and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus volunteers. Materials and Methods: The extracts of 400 mg capsules of KP were consumed for five days. The fasting and blood glucose levels of 2-hour postprandial were measured at baseline and day 5. A group of 15 healthy young adults between the age of 20- and 30-years old were the control group of the present study, while 12 volunteers aged 35 to 75 years old diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus constituted the experimental group. Data were validated through the Willcoxon and Friedman test statistics and error distribution. Results: It had been shown that the specificity of KP reduced blood glucose levels and has associated with the flavonoids and polymethoxyflavones components. The results showed that consuming VR4® capsules significantly reduced blood glucose, either at the state of fasting or postprandially in diabetic individual. Conclusion: Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora extract is safe to be consumed at 400 mg at one time. The study also has shown that the participants are free from adverse reactions and hypoglycaemia. Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora; Blood glucose; Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus; Flavonoids; Polymethoxyflavones; Hypoglycemia and heavy metal elements


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Le Hoang Duc ◽  
Nguyen Trung Nam

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease, which has risen dramatically in many countries in the world, including Vietnam. Recently, there is increasing evidence about the link between type 2 diabetes and the exposure to Ahr ligands such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the experimental animal model. In the cell, after activation by the ligands, Ahr moves from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the nuclear translocator, resulting in transcription of target genes such as Cyp1b1. The development of type 2 diabetes was shown in some people who exposed to TCDD. However, the role of Ahr/Cyp1b1 genes in type 2 diabetes patients has not been elucidated. In this study, the expression of the Ahr and Cyp1b1 genes in blood samples collected from patients with type 2 diabetes and controls was studied for the first time in Vietnam. Analysis of blood glucose showed that this index in the type 2 diabetes patients was higher than that in the control group. Using real-time PCR method, the results showed that the expression of Ahr and Cyp1b1 in type 2 diabetes patients was significantly higher than that in control group. In addition, the expression of Ahr and Cyp1b1 was positively correlated with the blood glucose levels of both groups. These results are initial evidence for the link between activation of Ahr/Cyp1b1 signaling pathway and level of blood glucose so that Ahr/Cyp1b1 genes can be potential targets to treat type 2 diabetes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sulastri S ◽  
Tety Mulyati Arofi

Pendahuluan: Diabetes Mellitus merupakan suatu sindroma klinis kelainan metabolik yang ditandai oleh adanya hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Perawatan pasien Diabetes bertujuan mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah sehingga tidak menimbulkan komplikasi yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan normal pasien. Berbagai penatalaksanaan untuk mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah dapat dilakukan, di antaranya olah sehat Lafidzi 21. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 terhadap kadar glukosa darah pasien Diabetes tipe 2 di Klub Diabetes Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan quasi-experimental dengan kelompok kontrol. Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 dilakukan oleh penderita Diabetes setiap hari selama 14 hari. Hasil: penelitian menunjukkan penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi setelah melakukan Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 (p =0,00). Simpulan: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21 mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah secara signifikan pada penderita diabetes tipe 2 di Diabetes Klub Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Kata kunci: Olah Sehat Lafidzi 21, kadar gula darah, diabetes mellitus tipe 2.AbstractIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical syndrome of metabolic abnormalities characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion abnormalities, insulin work or both. Treatment of Diabetes patients aims to control blood glucose levels so as not to cause complications that can interfere with the patient's normal life. Various management to control blood glucose levels can be done, including healthy Lafidzi 21. This study aims to determine the influence of Healthy Lafidzi 21 on blood glucose level of Type 2 Diabetes patients at Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design with a control group. Healthy Lafidzi 21 is done by diabetics every day for 14 days. Results: the study showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the intervention group after performing Healthy Lafidzi 21 (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Healthy Lafidzi 21 is able to lower blood glucose levels significantly in people with type 2 diabetes in Diabetes Club Jakarta Islamic Hospital Cempaka Putih. Keywords: Healthy Lafidzi 21, blood sugar level, diabetes mellitus type 2.


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agung Akbar ◽  
Hema Malini ◽  
Esi Afriyanti

<p>Most of the treatments of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus  (T2DM) who are admitted to the hospital in controlling the blood glucose still concentrated on medication and diet. On the other hand, exercise or activity management, however, gets insufficient consideration. Health professionals, especially nurses, need to be aware that some exercises or activities should be accomplished even for hospitalized patients. The effort to organize physical activity can be achieved by using Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PMR on reducing the blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM. This research used the quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest approach with control group design. The sampling technique was simple random sampling with 30 samples, 15 in both intervention and control groups. Data collection techniques were performed by measuring the blood glucose levels at that time. The duration of PMR as an intervention was performed for three days on a regular basis. Afterward, we remeasured the blood glucose levels. Data analysis was done by using t-test. The results of data analysis showed that there was a decrease in mean score of blood glucose levels for 63,80 mg/dl in the control group and 80,46 mg/dl in the intervention group.The results showed that PMR was effective in reducing the blood glucose levels of patients with T2DM in the public hospital (p-value = 0.015). The results of this study can be applied by nurses as an alternative intervention in the management of patients with T2DM.</p><p> </p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Jung Hsieh

Abstract Glucose variability is common among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). I investigated to assess the variability of glucose in patients with type 2 DM accounts for in-hospital readmission rates in department of Surgery. I retrospectively analyzed 206 patients with type 2 DM, who was admitted to our hospital for surgical interventions and re-admitted within 30 days after discharge. I also enrolled 610 age, sex and diabetic duration matched patients with type 2 DM, as control. Outcomes measure included average and standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose during admission, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function, length of stay (LOS). Patients who had re-admission within 30 days after discharge had higher SD of blood glucose levels than control (84.7 ± 53.5 mg/dL vs. 46.2 ± 42.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) but not average of blood glucose levels. Comparing to control group, the study group also had higher HbA1c (8.4 ± 1.3% vs. 7.7 ± 1.1%, p = 0.015) and LOS (8.5 ± 2.5 days vs 7.0 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.020). The independent predictors of 30-day readmission rates were SD of blood glucose during admission and HbA1c (hazard ratio: 1.680, 1.493; p value < 0.001, 0.008, respectively). Decreasing glucose variability during admission for surgery is important for patients with type 2 DM to decreasing re-admission rates and LOS. HBA1c may also identify patients at higher risk of postoperative complications and possibility of re-admission.


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