scholarly journals LINC-35. THE ST. JUDE GLOBAL ACADEMY NEURO-ONCOLOGY TRAINING SEMINAR: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY, INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii385-iii385
Author(s):  
Daniel Moreira ◽  
Zoltan Patay ◽  
Frederick Boop ◽  
Jason Chiang ◽  
Thomas Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Education ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Needs Assessment Survey ◽  
Training Seminar

Abstract The success of the treatment of children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors relies on an effective multidisciplinary team, with up-to-date and broad knowledge and skills. The St. Jude Global Academy Neuro-Oncology Training Seminar was launched as course in globally applicable content in pediatric neuro-oncology with a focus on multidisciplinary teams in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To identify the content that is most relevant for the learners, a needs assessment survey that included evaluation of team dynamics, treatment capacity, existing knowledge, and educational goals was designed. Survey questions in 11 domains were answered by 24 sites in LMICs across the world. This information was used to create the course that consists of two components: a 9-week online course and a 10-day workshop at the St. Jude campus. 72 participants from 11 institutions enrolled in the online portion and 20 participants were selected based on grades to attend the workshop. A retrospective post-test evaluation established that learners improved their understanding of the barriers to care, possible solutions to improve care, understanding of diagnosis and treatment, and methodology to implement projects (p<0.01). All participating teams developed projects that are locally implemented. Those present at the workshop formed a multidisciplinary, international collaborative group (Global Alliance in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology). This experience establishes that educational programs with systematically created curricula can not only improved knowledge but be a mechanism to share experiences and create collaborative networks. Ultimately, patient outcomes will be tracked to monitor the true impact of the course.

scholarly journals The Importance of a Food Systems Approach to Low and Middle Income Countries and Emerging Economies: A Review of Theories and Its Relevance for Disease Control and Malnutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Alarcon ◽  
Paula Dominguez-Salas ◽  
Eric M. Fèvre ◽  
Jonathan Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Systems Science ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Our review explores the changing food production, distribution and consumption environment in low and middle-income countries and emerging economies as a basis for framing how to study food systems in order to address public health issues of food safety and nutrition. It presents the state of knowledge on existing food systems science and its use in terms of sustainable actions for food safety and public health. The review identifies a knowledge gap in food system mapping and governance, with value chain mapping of key commodities often missing. Despite a number of initiatives, the application of food systems methods is highly variable in scope and quality. Most analyses concentrate on specific commodities, rarely taking into account the need for a whole diet approach when looking at nutrition or the assessment of a range of infectious agents and their interactions when looking at food safety. Of the studies included in the review there is a growing observation of “informal” food systems, a term used inconsistently and one that requires revision. “Informal” food systems link to the formal sector to provide food security, yet with trade-offs between economic efficiencies and food safety. Efforts to improve food safety are hampered by inadequate food safety capacities and a lack of policy coherence leading to: inadequate investment; fragmented food quality control systems; weak or non-existent traceability mechanisms; weak foodborne disease surveillance; obsolete food regulation; and weak regulatory enforcement. In-depth food systems assessments can complement risk analysis to identify risky behaviors and understand institutional settings in order to improve codes of practice and enforcement. Methods for looking at food safety from a food systems perspective are emerging, yet existing nutrition and food systems science are not advancing sufficiently in response to nutritional public health problems. There is an urgency for improved understanding of the structure and drivers of the food systems, for better planning of changes that leads to nutrients access and healthy levels of eating. It is proposed that countries and international institutions provide an atlas of food system maps for the key commodities based on an agreed common methodology and developed by multidisciplinary teams.

scholarly journals Does Education Abroad Help to Alleviate Poverty at Home? An Assessment (Distinguished Lecture)

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (4I) ◽  
pp. 439-454
Author(s):  
Christopher Colclough
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Education ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Flows of students abroad are increasing rapidly, encouraged by globalisation pressures, by declining quality of university provision in some of the poorest states and by the income needs of northern universities. Students from developing countries are increasingly self-financed, from middle-income countries and from richer families across all countries. The paper argues that both the direct and indirect impacts of these trends on poverty in sending states are likely to be negative. Some increased influence on home policy-formation by the overseas Indian and Chinese diaspora, and increased flows of return migrants to high-growth states in response to targeted recruitment incentives, provide evidence for countervailing tendencies. But for most developing countries, where economic growth is less dynamic, net benefits of international education for poverty alleviation remain unrealised.

scholarly journals Pilot Educational Intervention and Feasibility Assessment of Breast Ultrasound in Rural South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay K. Dickerson ◽  
Anne F. Rositch ◽  
Susan Lucas ◽  
Susan C. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Breast Ultrasound ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, with high mortality in low- and middle-income countries because of a lack of detection, diagnosis, and treatment. With mammography unavailable, ultrasound offers an alternative for downstaging. The literature reports successful training in various domains, but a focus on the breast is novel. We assessed the feasibility (knowledge acquisition, perceived usefulness, and self-efficacy) of breast ultrasound training for nonphysician providers. Methods Training was implemented for 12 providers at Hlokomela Clinic in Hoedspruit, South Africa, over 3 weeks. Didactic presentations and example cases were followed by a presurvey and test (n = 12). All providers received hands-on training with nurses as models; five providers trained with patients. A post-test (n = 12) assessed knowledge acquisition and a postsurvey (n = 10) assessed perceived program usefulness and provider self-efficacy. Results The pre- to post-test averages improved by 68% in total and in four competencies (foundational knowledge, descriptive categories, benign v malignant, and lesion identification). On the postsurvey, providers expressed that ultrasound could significantly influence breast cancer detection (9.1 out of 10), treatment (7.9 out of 10), and survival (8.7 out of 10) in their community and endorsed moderate confidence in their scanning (6.3 out of 10) and interpreting abilities (5.6 out of 10). Conclusion Our research supports the feasibility of breast ultrasound training as part of a breast education program in low- and middle-income countries. Pre- and post-test results and observed proficiency indicate that training nonphysician providers is achievable; postsurvey responses indicate program acceptance, community-based ownership, and provider self-efficacy with ultrasound. Future work may show that breast ultrasound is viable for early detection where mammography is unavailable.

scholarly journals Saturdays-in-Motion: Education and Empowerment through an Interdisciplinary Team Approach for Parkinson’s Disease in Cali-Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Beatriz E. Muñoz ◽  
Valentina Quintana-Peña ◽  
Maria C. Gonzalez ◽  
Jaime A. Valderrama ◽  
Yor Jaggy Castaño-Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Multidisciplinary Model

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The progression of PD produces an important disease burden in patients due to functional impairment, which also has repercussions on caregivers. In addition, it has become a challenge for health systems, especially in developing countries, which have limited resources. Multidisciplinary teams with a community approach have proved effective in high-income countries; however, there is no reported literature in low- and middle-income countries about this kind of initiative. Objective. This paper aims to document the experience of patients, caregivers, and experts in a community approach as an innovative model in a middle-income country. Methods. A quantitative descriptive research was conducted. The selection criteria were having a PD diagnosis, attending with a caregiver to Saturdays in Motion (SIM), or being a clinical expert invited to SIM. PD patients and their caregivers answered three surveys on their points of view with respect to SIM: SIM and their quality of life (QoL) and PDQ-39 and Zarit, whereas clinical experts completed two questions related to the SIM program. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results of the surveys and clinical tests. Results. Forty-eight, twenty-four, and twenty-one subjects answered surveys one, two, and three, respectively. In total, four clinical experts were interviewed. 87.9% of the patients consider that SIM activities improved their QoL. The most affected areas in PDQ-39 were those related to the social area. Around 66.6% of the caregivers reported a mild burden on Zarit and think that SIM enhances the PD patient’s QoL. Clinical experts highlighted the sense of community and empathy. Conclusion. Our preliminary experience shows a multidisciplinary model with a community approach which redefines the traditional relationship between patients, caregivers, and clinical experts. This aim of this initiative is that education and empowerment patients and caregivers reach a better perception of QoL.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Media Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Ibu Tentang Stimulasi Perkembangan Anak Usia Pra Sekolah di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Kota Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Melda Saputri ◽  
Eva Chundrayetti ◽  
Deswita Deswita
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

Children are the next generation of the nation, so it takes children with good quality in order to achieve a quality future of the nation. The reality is that low and middle income countries cannot realize the full development potential of children. Appropriate stimulation is needed such as with booklet media so that children develop well. This research is a quantitative study using the "Pre and Post test Control Group" design which aims to see the effect of health education with booklet media on knowledge, attitudes and actions about stimulating the development of preschool children in the work area of the Lubuk Buaya Health Center, Padang City. The population is 959. The sample is 34 respondents, 17 respondents in the intervention group and 17 in the control group. There was an effect of health education on knowledge (p=0.002), attitude (p=0.004) and action (p=0.006) in the intervention group. There was no effect of health education on knowledge (p=0.163), attitudes (p=0.083) and actions (p=0.183) in the control group. It is hoped that nurses in the community educate mothers about stimulating child development and it is hoped that mothers will take the time to read booklets, carry out all forms of stimulation to children according to what is listed in the booklet.

scholarly journals The Influence of Educational Attainment on Teenage Pregnancy in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah Mohr ◽  
Jose Carbajal ◽  
Bonita B. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Meta Analyses

The purpose of this study is to review the association between education and teenage pregnancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Teenage pregnancy deters women from achieving educational goals and from maximizing their human capital. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Nine out of 4,980 articles scanned met the inclusion criteria for analysis, from 2008 to 2018. The results show reaching higher levels of education deters from teenage pregnancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Therefore, social work policies and programs should target access to education and school retention as a deterrence to teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals Supporting global antimicrobial stewardship: antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a scoping review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Cooper ◽  
Jacqueline Sneddon ◽  
Daniel Kwame Afriyie ◽  
Israel A Sefah ◽  
Amanj Kurdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Surgical Prophylaxis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background The Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group is supporting two hospitals in Ghana to develop antimicrobial stewardship. Early intelligence gathering suggested that surgical prophylaxis was suboptimal. We reviewed the evidence for use of surgical prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform this work. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 17 February 2020 for trials, audits, guidelines and systematic reviews in English. Grey literature, websites and reference lists of included studies were searched. Randomized clinical trials reporting incidence of SSI following Caesarean section were included in two meta-analyses. Narrative analysis of studies that explored behaviours and attitudes was conducted. Results This review included 51 studies related to SSI and timing of antibiotic prophylaxis in LMICs. Incidence of SSI is higher in LMICs, infection surveillance data are poor and there is a lack of local guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis. Education to improve appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with reduction of SSI in LMICs. The random-effects pooled mean risk ratio of SSI in Caesarean section was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.51–1.17) for pre-incision versus post-incision prophylaxis and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.55–1.14) for short versus long duration. Reduction in cost and nurse time was reported in shorter-duration surgical antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusions There is scope for improvement, but interventions must include local context and address strongly held beliefs. Establishment of local multidisciplinary teams will promote ownership and sustainability of change.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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