scholarly journals Research and development of artificial intelligence in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Machine Perception ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Set Up ◽  
World Champion ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This year saw several milestones in the development of artificial intelligence. In March, AlphaGo, a computer algorithm developed by Google's London-based company, DeepMind, beat the world champion Lee Sedol at Go, an ancient Chinese board game. In October, the same company unveiled in the journal Nature its latest technique that allows a machine to solve tasks that require logic and reasoning, such as finding its way around the London Underground using a map it has never seen before. Such progress in recent years has provided significant impetus to developing cutting-edge learning machines around the world, including China. In 2015, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) set up the Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology—a consortium of laboratories from more than 20 CAS institutes and universities. Early this year, China rolled out the China Brain Project, a fifteen-year programme that will focus on brain mapping, neurological diseases and brain-inspired artificial intelligence. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associative Editor, Mu-ming Poo, who also leads the CAS centre for excellence and the China Brain Project, several researchers discussed China's latest initiatives and progress in artificial intelligence, where the future lies and what the main challenges are. Yunji Chen Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Tieniu Tan Institute of Automation, Deputy President of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Yi Zeng Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Hongbin Zha Director of Key Lab of Machine Perception (MOE), Peking University, Beijing Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai

scholarly journals Stem-cell research and regenerative medicine in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Director General ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract For stem-cell researchers around the world, 2015 was a roller-coaster year. In April, Junjiu Huang, a biologist at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, published the first paper on gene editing in human embryos with CRISPR-cas9. This sparked a global controversy—with many Western media using this as an example of China's lack of ethical standards. Subsequent discussions, which culminated in the summit in Washington, DC, last December, have eased the anxieties to some extent over this study and similar studies have now been proposed or approved in the UK and Sweden. Surprisingly, according to Nature magazine (the same magazine publishing some of the news reports on this study), Huang was one of the 10 scientists in the world that made a difference last year. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, stem-cell researchers and a bioethicist discussed how they see last year's furore over gene editing, why China should streamline its oversight and regulatory processes, and where the future of the country's stem-cell research and regenerative medicine lies. Duanqing Pei Stem-cell researcher and Director General of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Guangzhou Xiaomei Zhai Bioethicist and Executive Director of the Centre for Bioethics, Peking Union Medical College, in Beijing Qi Zhou Stem-cell researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing Jianhong Zhu Neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, in Shanghai Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of the Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Shanghai

scholarly journals A Bridge to the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Plant Physiologist ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Peking University ◽  
National University ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Zhi-Hong Xu is a plant physiologist who studied botany at Peking University (1959–1965). He joined the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology (SIPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), as a graduate student in 1965. He recalls what has happened for the institute, during the Cultural Revolution, and he witnessed the spring of science eventually coming to China. Xu was a visiting scholar at the John Innes Institute and in the Department of Botany at Nottingham University in the United Kingdom (1979–1981). He became deputy director of SIPP in 1983 and director in 1991; he also chaired the State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics SIPP (1988–1996). He worked as a visiting scientist in the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, for three months each year (1989–1992). He served as vice president of CAS (1992–2002) and as president of Peking University (1999–2008). Over these periods he was heavily involved in the design and implementation of major scientific projects in life sciences and agriculture in China. He is an academician of CAS and member of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World. His scientific contributions mainly cover plant tissue culture, hormone mechanism in development, as well as plant developmental response to environment. Xu, as a scientist and leader who has made an impact in the community, called up a lot of excellent young scientists returning to China. His efforts have promoted the fast development of China's plant and agricultural sciences.

BioBoard

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 643-650
Keyword(s):  
Young Scientist ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
University Student ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Aids Therapy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Ian Frazer Named Australian of the Year. Further Funding For Australian Medical Research. Blockbuster Gardisil Approved by FDA. Potential Ovarian Cancer Diagnostic Test on Trial in Melbourne. Seven Scientists Elected as CAS Foreign Members. CAS and University of Tokyo Set up Joint Laboratories. AstraZeneca to Invest $100 million in China. Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Partner with the Danish Pharmaceutical Company Lundbeck. Anti-flu Tamiflu Approved in China. China Develops New Bird Flu Vaccines. China Collaborates with WHO to Fight Infectious Diseases. Apollo Hospitals Eyes Acquisition in South-East Asia. India Opens New Free AIDS Therapy Centers. Ranbaxy Faces Criminal Charges for Price-fixing of Antibiotics and Warfarin. Nobel Laureate Norman E. Borlaug Calls for Gene Revolution in India. Carlyle Asia Growth Partners III Raises US$668 Million to Support Emerging Asian Business Leaders with Expansion Capital. Kyoto University and Summit Pharmaceuticals International Corp Collaborate. Grain Crisis Looms in Japan. University Student Named New Zealand's Young Scientist of the Year. New Boost in New Zealand Biotech Industry. HP and A*STAR to Open $30 Million R&D Lab. A*STAR to Collaborate with Australian National University. Singapore's BAC Announces Biomedical Research Data to be Off-limits to Third Parties.

scholarly journals A sky-high view of the Third Pole: an interview with Tandong Yao and Weiming Fan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Academic Standards ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountain regions covers 5 million square kilometres—nearly half the China's landmass—with an average elevation of over 4000 metres. It's often regarded as the Third Pole because it has the largest stock of ice outside the Arctic and the Antarctic. Tibetan Plateau research is one of China's Strategic Pioneering Programmes that was launched in 2012 with a budget of 300 million yuan (US $47 million) over 5 years and is led by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)’ Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP) in Beijing. In January 2014, CAS set up the Centre for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, headquartered in ITP, aiming at providing long-term support for this area of research and raising academic standards. NSR recently talked to glaciologist Tandong Yao and geologist Weiming Fan—ITP's director and deputy director, respectively—about why Tibetan Plateau research is important, what it is like to work there, how the region is faring in face of climate change and why international collaboration is important.

scholarly journals The battle against PM2.5 is on

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract On 21 February 2014, almost 15% of China (mostly in the east) was enveloped by haze with hazardous PM2.5 pollutants (particulate matter with size smaller than 2.5 μm). This is a problem that had also frequently occurred in 2013. During the subsequent meeting of the Chinese parliament in mid-March 2014, a national battle against air pollution in future years is proposed ‘in order to accelerate the overall environmental initiatives and improve people's quality of life’. Zhongli Ding, Vice President of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a climatologist with extensive experience in research and policy making, stated clearly that only the most stringent environment standard implementation could curb the present problem. Never before has a country faced such complex conditions as China. ‘We have London fog and San Francisco's smog combined, and moreover, 10 provinces and cities in eastern China, including Beijing and Tianjin, accounting for only 0.6% of the world land area, but the highest per unit area emission in the world; the entire Hebei province is one big smokestack.’ In an interview with NSR and a meteorologist Huijun Wang, Ding talked about how China is currently combating with air pollution.

Dialogue and Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelling Competence

Abstract The article focuses on a few central issues of dialogic competence-in-performance which are still beyond the reach of models of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Learning machines have made an amazing step forward but still face barriers which cannot be crossed yet. Linguistics is still described at the level of Chomsky’s view of language competence. Modelling competence-in-performance requires a holistic model, such as the Mixed Game Model (Weigand 2010), which is capable of addressing the challenge of the ‘architecture of complexity’ (Simon 1962). The complex cannot be ‘the ontology of the world’ (Russell and Norwig 2016). There is no autonomous ontology, no hierarchy of concepts; it is always human beings who perceive the world. ‘Anything’, in the end, depends on the human brain.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology development in China: challenges and opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Nanoscience And Technology

Abstract China has invested heavily in nanotechnology in the past decades. It's one of the key areas of focus in the medium and long-term scientific programmes between 2006 and 2020. In 2012, the country also launched a Strategic Pioneering Programme on nanotechnology, which has a budget of one billion yuan (US$152 million) over five years and is led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in Beijing. As a result of this long-term investment, China is now a major player in nanotechnology, ranking first worldwide in terms of the number of scientific papers and patents. At the Sixth International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology—which was held in Beijing on 3–5 September, 2015—Chunli Bai, President of CAS and Editor-in-Chief of National Science Review (NSR), shared a platform with another five leading scientists, where they discussed recent progress of nanotechnology in China, the potential impact of nanoparticles on public health, as well as challenges and opportunities ahead. Chunli Bai (Chair) President of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing Minghua Liu An expert on nano materials and molecular assembly and Director of National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, in Beijing Zhongfan Liu An expert on nanochemistry and graphene at Peking University Chen Wang An expert on nanomicroscopy and nanomedicine and Deputy Director of National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, in Beijing Peidong Yang An expert on nanomaterials and their application in energy research at the University of California at Berkeley, USA Yuliang Zhao An expert on nanomedicine and nanosafety at National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, and Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of High Energy Physics

scholarly journals Sciences of human settlements: Searching for the theory and practice

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (415-417) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Wu Liangyong
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

The author is Professor of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering; and Director of both the Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies and the Center for Human Settlements, Tsinghua University. He is also a member and former President of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

scholarly journals Drug discovery in China: challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-773
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Human history is also a chronicle of battling against diseases. Thanks to the rapid advancement of life science and biotechnologies such as gene editing and deep sequencing, recent decades have seen more and more untreatable illnesses on the verge of being conquered. However, an efficient drug-innovation system involves multiple driving forces—policy stimulation and commercial interests play important roles, besides advances in science and technology. Therefore, establishing the synergism among various driving forces is essential for new drug discovery and development. As the most populous country in the world, China has the largest population of a broad spectrum of diseases, offering a unique environment for research and development in biomedicine and disease therapies. Although most pharmaceutical companies in China have been focused on making generic drugs in the past, some efforts in developing first-in-class drugs are paying off, especially in the small-molecule drugs. What are the emerging trends in drug discovery? What does Artificial Intelligence (AI) bring to drug development and medical treatments? In the future, how will China take advantage of abundant resources and proactive policies to accelerate drug development? Recently, NSR organized a forum focusing on these issues, with the attendance of five distinguished domestic pharmaceutical scientists. Ke Ding Professor in the College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Jinan, China Shengyong Yang Professor in the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Zhen Yang Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China Ao Zhang Professor in the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Demin Zhou Professor in the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director of the Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Executive Editor-in-Chief of NSR, Shanghai, China

THE GLOBALIZATION OF HEALTH KNOWLEDGE, HEALTH DATA & HEALTH EXPERIMENTS WILL REVOLUTIONIZE MEDICINE.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaideftos Chaideftos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
World Health ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning

A global center “World Health Bank” must be set up for the collection of biological material of all the patients of the world that suffering from diseases with the right hierarchy of e-data, with new safe & secret telecommunication system, with global cloud computing, with artificial intelligence, with machine learning – deep learning, with automation & with the best scientists of the world on this fields.Biological material to be diffuse into microchip organs or into printed (from cells, stem cells & etc of the patients) organs by multidimensional biological printers for personalized testing & continuous monitoring of patient’s biological (substances) reactions in vitro, to record the disease before tests & the cure (in atomic – subatomic – etc levels) after continuous monitoring of multiple tests in multiple microchip organs for each person individually in order to understand in maximum levels everything about the confrontation of diseases.We can pass it later when we will be ready to the next level with nanoscale biological microchips that will be implanted into our organisms in order to check all the time our health the artificial intelligence & to create sometimes in bad situations the right polypill [it will contains nanoscale microscopic sensors (creation of body – organism gps) in order to release the right substances at the right place] formula for us in a record time due to the biological printers that we will set in every hospital – health center of the world. With this way we can understand – identify the diseases in the beginning in order to avoid them, destroy them & etc.

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