scholarly journals Exploring the Point-of-Sale Among Vape Shops Across the United States: Audits Integrating a Mystery Shopper Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J Berg ◽  
Dianne C Barker ◽  
Christina Meyers ◽  
Amber Weber ◽  
Amy J Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Price Promotions ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Age Verification ◽  
Promotional Strategies ◽  
Mystery Shoppers ◽  
Vape Shops

Abstract Introduction Vape shops represent prominent, unique retailers, subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation in the United States. Aims and Methods This study assessed compliance of US vape shop retail marketing strategies with new regulations (eg, required age verification, prohibited free samples) and pre-implementation conditions for other regulations (eg, health warning labels on all nicotine products, required disclosures of e-liquid contents). Results 95.0% of shops displayed minimum-age signage; however, mystery shoppers were asked for age verification at 35.6% upon entry and at 23.4% upon purchase. Although 85.5% of shops had some evidence of implementing FDA health warnings, 29.1% had signage indicating prohibited health claims, 16.3% offered free e-liquid samples, 27.4% had signage with cartoon imagery, and 33.3% were within two blocks of schools. All shops sold open-system devices, 64.8% sold closed-system devices, 68.2% sold their own brand of e-liquids, 42.5% sold e-liquids containing cannabidiol, 83.2% offered price promotions of some kind, and 89.9% had signage for product and price promotions. Conclusions Results indicated that most shops complied with some implementation of FDA health warnings and with free sampling bans and minimum-age signage. Other findings indicated concerns related to underage access, health claims, promotional strategies, and cannabidiol product offerings, which call for further FDA and state regulatory/enforcement efforts.

Nutritional Marketing of Plant-Based Meat-Analogue Products: an exploratory study of front-of-pack and website claims in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lacy-Nichols ◽  
Libby Hattersley ◽  
Gyorgy Scrinis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nutrition Claims ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Objective: To explore how some of the largest food companies involved in producing alternative proteins use health and nutrition claims to market their products. Design: We identified the largest food manufacturers, meat processors, and alternative protein companies selling plant-based alternative protein products in the United States. Using publicly available data, we analysed the voluntary health and nutrition claims made on front-of-pack labels and company webpages. We also analysed company websites for further nutrition and health-related statements about their products or alternative proteins more generally. Claim classification was guided by the INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring, and Action Support) taxonomy for health-related food labelling. Setting: United States. Results: 1394 health and nutrition-related front-of-pack label (FOPL) claims were identified on 216 products, including 685 nutrition claims and 709 ´other health-related´ claims. No FOPL health claims were identified. Most nutrient claims were for nutrients associated with meat, with 94% of products carrying a protein claim and 30% carrying a cholesterol claim. 74% of products carried a GMO-free claim and 63% carried a plant-based claim. On their websites, some companies expanded on these claims or discussed the health benefits of specific ingredients. Conclusions: Companies involved in this category appear to be using nutritional marketing primarily to position their products in relation to meat. There is a focus on nutrient and ingredient claims, with discussion of processing largely avoided. The findings highlight the challenges companies face in positioning AP products as healthy against the backdrop of debates about ultra-processed foods.

scholarly journals The prevalence of MS in the United States

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. e1029-e1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell T. Wallin ◽  
William J. Culpepper ◽  
Jonathan D. Campbell ◽  
Lorene M. Nelson ◽  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group A ◽  
Us Census

ObjectiveTo generate a national multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence estimate for the United States by applying a validated algorithm to multiple administrative health claims (AHC) datasets.MethodsA validated algorithm was applied to private, military, and public AHC datasets to identify adult cases of MS between 2008 and 2010. In each dataset, we determined the 3-year cumulative prevalence overall and stratified by age, sex, and census region. We applied insurance-specific and stratum-specific estimates to the 2010 US Census data and pooled the findings to calculate the 2010 prevalence of MS in the United States cumulated over 3 years. We also estimated the 2010 prevalence cumulated over 10 years using 2 models and extrapolated our estimate to 2017.ResultsThe estimated 2010 prevalence of MS in the US adult population cumulated over 10 years was 309.2 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 308.1–310.1), representing 727,344 cases. During the same time period, the MS prevalence was 450.1 per 100,000 (95% CI 448.1–451.6) for women and 159.7 (95% CI 158.7–160.6) for men (female:male ratio 2.8). The estimated 2010 prevalence of MS was highest in the 55- to 64-year age group. A US north-south decreasing prevalence gradient was identified. The estimated MS prevalence is also presented for 2017.ConclusionThe estimated US national MS prevalence for 2010 is the highest reported to date and provides evidence that the north-south gradient persists. Our rigorous algorithm-based approach to estimating prevalence is efficient and has the potential to be used for other chronic neurologic conditions.

scholarly journals Federal Regulation of Infant and Toddler Food and Drink Marketing and Labeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Pomeranz ◽  
Jennifer L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
World Health ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Breast Milk Substitutes ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Health Organization

Foods and beverages marketed for infants, babies, and toddlers through 3 years of age is a $7 billion industry in the United States, incorporating a wide range of products, including infant formula and other types of drinks, foods, and snacks. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) found that mothers “are often inundated with incorrect and biased information” from direct advertising, health claims on products, information packs from sales representatives, and the distribution of samples of infant formula and “educational materials” by infant formula manufacturers. To address these problematic practices, in 1981, the WHO established the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the “Code”) to end the inappropriate marketing of infant formula and other food and drinks intended for children up to age two. In 2016, WHO expanded the definition of breastmilk substitutes to include milk and milk products specifically marketed for feeding infants and young children up to age three. However, the United States is one of a minority of countries that has not passed any legislation or regulation to implement the Code. Furthermore, U.S. regulation and enforcement actions have not kept pace with the introduction of new products and product categories and the profusion of labeling and marketing claims questionably implying nutritional and developmental benefits from these products.

scholarly journals 1895. Serious Antibiotic-Related Adverse Effects Following Unnecessary Dental Prophylaxis in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
Alan E Gross ◽  
Katie J Suda ◽  
Jifang Zhou ◽  
Gregory Calip ◽  
Susan A Rowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Dental Visits ◽  
Dental Procedures

Abstract Background Dentists prescribe 10% of outpatient antibiotics in the United States, with a significant portion of these being for prophylaxis. We previously found that 80% of prescriptions for prophylaxis prescribed prior to dental visits are unnecessary; however, the sequelae of these unnecessary antibiotics have not been characterized. Our objective was to assess the harms of unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis using Truven, a national health claims database. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with dental visits from 2011 to 2015 linked to medical and prescription claims. Patients with commercial dental insurance without a hospitalization or extra-oral infection 14 days prior to antibiotic prophylaxis (≤2 days supply dispensed within 7 days before a dental visit) were assessed for inclusion. Patients with unnecessary antibiotic prophylaxis (defined as antibiotic prophylaxis in patients who both did not undergo a procedure that manipulated the gingiva/tooth periapex and did not have an appropriate cardiac diagnosis) were included and assessed for serious antibiotic-related adverse effects (AAE). The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of any AAE within 14 days post-prescription (composite of allergy, anaphylaxis, C. difficile infection, or ED visit). The secondary analyses were the cumulative incidence of each individual AAE and the risk difference of the primary endpoint between amoxicillin and clindamycin. Results Of the 168,420 dental visits with antibiotic prophylaxis, 136,177 (80%) were unnecessary and included for analysis. 3.8% of unnecessary prescriptions were associated with an AAE; primary and secondary endpoints are listed in the Table. ED visits (1.2%) and new allergies (2.9%) were most frequent. Clindamycin was associated with more AAE than amoxicillin (risk difference 322.1 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI: 238.5 - 405.8). Conclusion Even though antibiotic prophylaxis is prescribed for a short duration (≤2 days), it is not without risk. Since most AAE are diagnosed in medical settings, dentists may not be aware of these adverse effects. These data provide further impetus to decrease unnecessary prescribing of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

scholarly journals Reactions to graphic health warnings in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Nonnemaker ◽  
Conrad J. Choiniere ◽  
Matthew C. Farrelly ◽  
Kian Kamyab ◽  
Kevin C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Warnings

scholarly journals Employer costs of mental health claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Coduti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Mental health (MH) and disability management (DM) businesses and DM professionals are proficient at addressing employee physical health, yet promoting employee MH is often ignored. Individuals claiming long-term disability (LTD), 85% identified MH conditions as their primary disability (Carls et al., 2012). Mental health LTD expenses are often higher due to longer recovery and challenges in return to work (Salkever, Goldman, Purushothaman, & Shinogle, 2000). Financial burdens of depression, anxiety, and emotional disorders are among the greatest of any disease condition in the workforce (Johnston et al., 2009). Globally, a fifth to a quarter of employees go to work everyday with a mental illness (Lorenzo-Romanella, 2011). Health care research has shown the impact of mental illness on work performance, however many employers and researchers are unaware of the value quality MH care has on employees and costs (Langlieb, & Kahn, 2005). The American Psychological Association (APA) identified five categories of workplace practices that promote psychological health in employees including: employee involvement; work-life balance; employee growth and development; health and safety; and employee recognition (APA, 2014). Organizational benefits of the five elements include: improved quality, performance and productivity; reduced absenteeism, presenteeism and turnover; fewer accidents and injuries; improved ability to attract and retain quality employees; improved customer service and satisfaction; and lower healthcare costs (APA, 2014). The presenters will discuss employer costs of MH claims and how psychologically healthy workplaces align with successful DM programs, decreasing MH claims and costs. Opportunities for future research include the United States Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its impact on MH (Mechanic, 2012) through provisions that encourage employers to adopt health promotion programs (Goetzel et al., 2012) and opportunities for research including comparisons of multinational employers regarding MH costs in countries with single payer systems, and in those without (United States), (Tanner, 2013).

scholarly journals Japan’s health food industry: An analysis of the efficacy of the FOSHU system

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Danik Martirosyan ◽  
Alina Adany ◽  
Hunter Kanya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Community Factors

Health claims and their regulations have been a contended topic globally with varying degrees of standardization. Japan is one of the most advanced countries in terms of their view on the regulation of health claims and their role in the food industry. With the introduction of functional foods in 1984, Japan put health claims to use by informing consumers of specific health benefits of food products marketed and sold to them, while also cutting down on inflated and false claims made by food manufacturers. This was done with the establishment of Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) a few years later. Although extremely strict and sometimes problematic, the FOSHU system has served as a model of what functional foods could be if given the chance. Regulations in the United States differ in their beliefs that health claims should be approved based on a disease-food relationship rather than on an individual product basis. This, along with the lack of definition for functional foods, leads to a poorly organized health food sector in the United States. FOSHU is highly regarded and well trusted in Japan; so much so that FOSHU products and packaging helps promote non-FOSHU products with similar appearance. Yet, despite the system’s tightly controlled mechanism, its efficacy and comprehensiveness to the average consumer has come under question. Due to tight regulations and the high costs and long wait times of developing FOSHU products, many small businesses find it difficult to apply for them. Subsequently, this trickles down to consumers and inhibits lower-income populations from purchasing these products. Additionally, the effectiveness of FOSHU products outside of a clinical setting has come into question from the scientific community. Factors including poor consumer education regarding FOSHU, as well as clinical settings that do not mimic the daily life of consumers have produced unsatisfactory results in the general public. Keywords: FOSHU, Health Claims, Functional foods, After market research, Clinical setting, functional/active ingredient, FOSHU seal

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document