scholarly journals Youth Access to Tobacco Products in the United States: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Tanski ◽  
Jennifer Emond ◽  
Cassandra Stanton ◽  
Thomas Kirchner ◽  
Kelvin Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Usual Source ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
The Us

Abstract Objectives Tobacco products in the US market are growing in diversity. Little is known about how youth access tobacco products given this current landscape. Methods Data were drawn from 15- to 17-year-olds from the Wave 1 youth sample of the US nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Past 30-day tobacco users were asked about usual sources of access to 12 different tobacco products, and if they had been refused sale because of their age. Results Among 15- to 17-year-olds, social sources (“someone offered” or “asked someone”) were the predominant usual source of access for each tobacco product. “Bought by self” was the usual source of access for users of smokeless (excluding snus, 23.2%), cigarillos (21.0%), cigarettes (13.8%), hookah (12.0%), and electronic cigarettes (10.5%). Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most often selected retail source for all products except hookah. Among youth who attempted purchase, 24.3% were refused sale of cigarettes, 23.9% cigarillos, and 13.8% smokeless tobacco. Conclusions Most 15- to 17-year-old tobacco users obtain tobacco products through social sources; however, among those who purchased tobacco, the majority report not being refused sale because of age. At the time of survey, cigarette and cigar sales to under 18 years were prohibited in all 50 states, and electronic cigarettes sales in 47 states and two territories. 2014 Annual Synar Reports signaled increasing trends in retail violations of state and/or district laws prohibiting tobacco product sales to under 18 years. Monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance check inspections, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues. Implications Access to the spectrum of tobacco products by youth in the United States remains predominantly through social sources. However, of the minority of youth tobacco users in 2014 who purchased tobacco themselves, a few reported being refused sale: Convenience stores and/or gas stations were the most common retail source for tobacco products. The strategies of monitoring illicit youth sales, conducting compliance checks, and penalizing violations remain important to reduce youth tobacco access at retail venues. Limiting sources of youth tobacco access remains an important focus to reduce the burden of tobacco on the public health.

Pediatric Collections: Vaping: Effects and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Pediatric Health ◽  
Pediatric Health Care

Electronic cigarettes are the tobacco products most commonly used by youths in the United States. The use of e-cigarettes, also known as vaping or JUULing, is a public health epidemic. This collection offers reviews and research to assist pediatric health care providers in identifying and treating adolescent use and exposure to e-cigarettes. https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-collections-vaping-effects-and-solutions-paperback/

scholarly journals Not Quite the Rule, But No Longer the Exception: Multiple Tobacco Product Use and Implications for Treatment, Research, and Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2114-2117
Author(s):  
Lauren R Pacek ◽  
Andrea C Villanti ◽  
F Joseph Mcclernon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Treatment Research

Abstract The patterns of tobacco product use in the United States have changed during the past several decades. Currently, a large proportion of tobacco users report using multiple tobacco products (MTPs). The prevalence of MTP use varies significantly by cigarette smoking frequency, as well: nearly half (46.9%) of all non-daily smokers report using other tobacco products within the past 30 days. Despite this, much of extant tobacco dependence treatment efforts, tobacco regulatory science research, and tobacco product research, in general, has focused largely on single product use (ie, cigarette smoking). To effectively design interventions and model the potential impact of regulations on tobacco products aimed at reducing tobacco use, as well as effectively study tobacco users, it is essential to consider actual use patterns in the population of tobacco users. Implications: MTP use is increasingly common in the United States. This commentary highlights the impact that MTP use has for efforts to treat tobacco dependence, tobacco regulatory science efforts, as well as on tobacco research, in general.

scholarly journals Nativity Status and Poly Tobacco Use among Young Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace C. Okpala ◽  
Carrie Rosario ◽  
Melissa J. Dupont-Reyes ◽  
Michelle Y. Martin Romero ◽  
Md Towfiqul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Nativity Status ◽  
The Us

Introduction: Young adults are the second largest segment of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Given recent trends in later age of initiation of tobacco use, we examined variation in use of tobacco products by nativity status for this population group. Methods: Our study included young adults 18-30 years of age sampled in the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2019), a nationally representative sample of the US population. We calculated prevalence of use of any and 2 or more tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco) for foreign-born (n=3,096) and US-born (n=6,811) young adults. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and poverty, while accounting for the complex survey design. Results: Foreign-born young adults were significantly less likely to use any tobacco product (Cigarette = 7.3% vs 10.7%; Cigar= 1.8% vs 4.8%; E-cigarette= 2.3% vs 4.5%, respectively; p<0.01) or poly tobacco use (1.9% vs. 4.2%; p<0.01) than US-born young adults. Adjusted regression models showed lower odds of poly tobacco use among the foreign-born than their US-born counterparts (Odds Ratio = 0.41, (95% Confidence Interval: 0.26-0.63)). Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions by nativity status and further tobacco prevention efforts needed for the US-born.

scholarly journals Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels)

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Jenssen ◽  
Rachel Boykan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Transnational Tobacco Companies ◽  
Advertising Restrictions ◽  
Us Children

E-cigarettes have emerged and soared in popularity in the past ten years, making them the most common tobacco product used among youth in the United States (US). In this review, we discuss what the Surgeon General has called a public health “epidemic”—the precipitous increase in youth use of e-cigarettes and the health consequences of this behavior. Further, we review tobacco control policy efforts (e.g., Tobacco 21, banning flavors, advertising restrictions, and clean indoor air laws)—efforts proven to be critical in reducing cigarette smoking and smoking-related disease and death among US children and adults—including their potential and challenges regarding managing and mitigating the emergence of e-cigarettes. Finally, we close with a discussion of the efforts of transnational tobacco companies to rebrand themselves using e-cigarettes and other new products.

Human Abuse Liability Assessment of Tobacco and Nicotine Products: Approaches for Meeting Current Regulatory Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vansickel ◽  
Sarah Baxter ◽  
Neil Sherwood ◽  
Michael Kong ◽  
Leanne Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Abuse Liability ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Study Designs

Abstract Many regulatory bodies now recommend that tobacco product manufacturers provide information regarding new tobacco products’ abuse liability to inform regulatory authorization of currently marketed tobacco products or new product applications (including premarket tobacco product applications in the United States). In addition, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends including this information as part of modified risk tobacco product applications. Regulators, including FDA, and many public health officials and researchers consider abuse liability assessment a model which predicts the likelihood that the use of the tobacco product would result in addiction and be used repeatedly or even sporadically resulting in undesirable effects. Abuse liability of a new, potentially reduced harm product can also inform its ability to substitute completely for more harmful tobacco products. While many methods exist, no standard tobacco product abuse liability assessment has been established. The purpose of this review is to provide background information and practical recommendations for human abuse liability testing methods to meet tobacco regulatory needs. A combination of nicotine test product pharmacokinetic, subjective effect and/or behavioral response, and physiological response data relative to comparator products with known abuse liability satisfies some regulatory requirements. Implications: This review provides a practical inspection of the current, international regulatory recommendations for abuse liability assessment of tobacco and regulatory review of such information within the United States and also recommends study designs and methods for abuse liability testing of tobacco products based on scientific and regulatory knowledge. Given that tobacco product abuse liability testing is of increasing interest to regulatory bodies globally, especially with the emergence of novel tobacco products, this timely work provides background and functional recommendations for tobacco product abuse liability testing.

scholarly journals Exposure to a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen Among Adolescent Smokeless Tobacco Users in Rural California, United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1764-1771
Author(s):  
Benjamin W Chaffee ◽  
Peyton Jacob ◽  
Elizabeth T Couch ◽  
Neal L Benowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Products ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

Abstract Introduction Approximately the same percentage of male high school students in the United States currently uses conventional smokeless tobacco as smokes cigarettes, resulting in toxin exposure. Methods This study assessed tobacco product use (smokeless, combustible, and electronic cigarettes) and nicotine and carcinogen exposures in a sample of 594 male rural high school baseball players—a population traditionally at risk for smokeless tobacco use. Salivary specimens were assayed for cotinine (a biomarker of nicotine exposure) and urine specimens for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, a biomarker of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results The prevalence of past 30-day use of any tobacco product was 29%. Past 7-day smokeless tobacco use (prevalence: 13%) was associated with the highest levels of cotinine and NNAL observed in the sample, whether smokeless tobacco was used exclusively (geometric means: cotinine 11.1 ng/mL; NNAL 31.9 pg/mg-creatinine) or in combination with combustible products (geometric means: cotinine 31.6 ng/mL; NNAL 50.0 pg/mg creatinine). Cotinine and NNAL levels were incrementally higher in each increasing category of smokeless tobacco use frequency. However, observed levels were lower than previously reported for adults, likely reflecting less smokeless use per day among adolescents. Conclusions Based on these biomarker observations, adolescents who use conventional smokeless tobacco products are exposed to substantial levels of nicotine and NNK. Although exposed to lower levels than adult smokeless users, the findings are concerning given the young age of the sample and tendency for smokeless tobacco users to increase use intensity over time. Implications This study demonstrates that adolescents using smokeless tobacco are exposed to levels of nicotine and NNK that increase with use frequency and that exceed exposures among peers using other tobacco products. Youth smokeless tobacco use in the United States has not declined along with youth smoking prevalence, giving greater importance to this health concern. To reduce youth (and adult) exposures, needed actions include effective smokeless tobacco use prevention, potentially in combination with reducing the levels of harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in smokeless tobacco products currently popular among adolescents.

Electronic Cigarettes: Their Role in the Lives of College Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110268
Author(s):  
Carla Daniel ◽  
Christa Haddad ◽  
Jamie L. McConaha ◽  
Philip Lunney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Electronic cigarettes have increased in popularity amongst college-aged adults. Although often advertised as smoking cessation tools, students have taken to them as their primary exposure to nicotine. For many reasons, e-cigarettes are extremely convenient and have become the most common tobacco products among this generation. Objective: To assess perceptions and reasons for e-cigarette use in college students Methods: A 20 question online Qualtrics® survey was distributed to college students aged 18 and above across the United States. All responses were anonymous and data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative inferential and descriptive statistics. Results: Of those who used e-cigarettes, 67.7% are not likely to smoke when they are upset or sad, 56.8% disagree that stress is a factor, and 83.5% cited that alcohol was involved when smoking. Most respondents, 74% (n = 467), associated smoking with emotions of happiness, joy or peace. 43.7% who associated e-cigarettes with happiness or peace were more likely to agree that stress was an influence versus 26.5% for those who did not (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Results show a high prevalence of e-cigarette usage among college-aged students. Emotional pleasurable connections with e-cigarettes, similar to traditional cigarettes, play a role in their use. This information will allow healthcare professionals to tailor educational messages surrounding cessation.

scholarly journals US Tobacco 21 is Paving the Way for a Tobacco Endgame

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1179173X2110503
Author(s):  
Samuel C J Kim ◽  
Jason E Martinez ◽  
Yanjun Liu ◽  
Theodore C Friedman
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Tobacco Addiction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimum Age

The battle against tobacco usage is being fought on all fronts. On December 19, 2019, a measure to raise the minimum age to buy tobacco products to 21 from 18 was passed by the United States Congress and signed by President Donald Trump. This instated banning the sale of all tobacco products and electronic cigarettes to anyone in the US under the age of 21. This follows the raising of the age to buy tobacco in California to 21 in 2016. According to the California Tobacco Control Program: in 2016, roughly 10% of high-school students were smoking cigarettes, but by 2018, only 2%. The percentage of retailers selling tobacco to underaged youth dropped dramatically. These data show that the CA Tobacco 21 law was effective in decreasing the obtainability and usage of tobacco by youth. We expect that US Tobacco 21 will be similarly effective in reducing tobacco use by youth leading to less tobacco addiction in the US.

Efectos en la salud de los sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina (SEAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Ponciano-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Alberto Chávez Castillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
History Of

Without a doubt, smoking continues to be the leading cause of disease, disability, and premature death worldwide. How ever, the advent of the new Electronic Administration Systems of Nicotine (SEAN), among which the electronic cigarette stands out, has had explosive growth and in some countries has depleted tobacco cigarettes, especially among young people who feel attracted by its striking flavors and the deployment of technology that is used in its design and operation. The SEANs initially emerged in 2003 as a supposed help to quit smoking, at 16 years from this date no clinical studies are confirming their superiority over existing medications for this purpose: nicotine, bupropion and varenicline replacement therapies, or over psychological therapies such as emotional and cognitive-behavioral rational. On the other side, a large amount of evidence has been accumulated on the deleterious effect they have on the health of consumers, the risk they represent is unquestionable and this is confirmed by recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control of the United States (CDC) that indicate 2142 hospitalized cases with acute lung disease and 42 deaths from this cause, 79% being people under 35 years. This outbreak of lung disease has determined that the ban on SEAN in the United States will be planted. Also, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the sale of hybrid cigarettes or “Heets” (Heat-not-burn tobacco products), which uses heated tobacco, and are now available in our country. There is no doubt that as health professionals, we must inform with scientific evidence about the risks that SEANs pose to their consumers, we must also learn from the history of smoking to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with these new tobacco products. Keywords: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS); electronic cigarettes; JUUL®; heets; toxicity; health effects; damage.

scholarly journals Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US—Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015–2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane M. Schneller ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽  
Scott McIntosh ◽  
Deborah Ossip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
The Us

The United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration has expressed concern about flavored e-cigarettes (e.g., JUUL brand) because they are appealing to youth who may be unaware that the product is addictive. The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 3 provided data on flavor categories, type of e-cigarette product, and smoking status among past 30-day youth and adult e-cigarette users in the US. Most past 30-day youth and adult users reported using only one flavor category, with fruit (53% youth, 31% adult) being the most commonly reported category. Adults were far more likely to report using tobacco flavor alone, compared to any other individual flavor category or flavor category combinations (OR: 21.08, 95%CI: 5.92, 75.12). Whereas, youth were more likely to report using multiple flavor categories (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.55, 2.65), with the most reported pairing being fruit and candy (36%). The variety of flavors on the market appeals to consumers of all ages. Although most past 30-day e-cigarette users reported only one flavor category, non-tobacco flavors were far more common among youth. Differences in flavor preferences among adult versus youth vapers may have implications for the role of flavors in both the initiation of youth vaping and adult vaping for smoking cessation.

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