Global Television Industry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Bielby ◽  
Kristen Bryant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Television Industry ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Global Television ◽  
Innovation And Diffusion ◽  
National Borders

Television was introduced as an experimental technology in the 1920s and 1930s in Europe, Asia, the former Soviet Union, and the Americas, but it was not until after World War II that it was widely adopted as a form of mass communication around the globe. Although television’s innovation and diffusion as a novel technology, establishment and growth as a communications industry, maturation and popularity, and specialization and diversification took decades to unfold, once it became widely publicly available, it quickly materialized as an essential venue for news, information, and entertainment. Television originated as a domestic industry overseen through a variety of national regulatory arrangements, making its transformation from a medium focused on local interests and concerns into an industry with a global reach all the more compelling. This transformation, which was enhanced by the introduction of cable, satellite, and Internet technology, was, in retrospect, influenced by the accomplishments of radio broadcasting, with its ability to transcend national borders and reach unanticipated audiences, and the expansiveness of the film industry, which from the earliest days of the studio system had cultivated an international export market to enhance revenue. In the case of the television industry, export was led by production companies seeking to recoup the costs of production under deficit financing arrangements with the networks and program sponsors. Early global exports were driven mainly by US production companies, and although the United States remains dominant in the sale of finished products, a vast number of nations, production companies, and networks now provide the United States with stiff competition within regional markets and program genres. Deficit financing has been adopted more recently by wealthier non-US nations like the United Kingdom, while less affluent and/or smaller markets rely on other approaches. Ever-emerging technologies, penetrable national borders, remote markets, and viewer interest in programs from other countries are foundational concerns alongside the political economy of regulation that make up the study of the global television industry.

scholarly journals Online Gardening Search Activities and Purchases

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Brittany Harte ◽  
Chengyan Yue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Made In

Abstract Consumers have readily adopted personal computers and Internet technology with many seeking information and/or make purchases online. However, the extent to which horticultural consumers seek information and make purchases online is not well documented. A survey of 1588 consumers, representative of the United States on average, was conducted in 2004 to provide baseline information about online gardening search and purchase activities. Nearly 28% searched for gardening information at least once; of those, more than 50% of the participants searched for information at least weekly. There were differences in gardening-related searches by age and marital status, but not by region of residence, income, or gender. Nearly 50% of the study respondents made an online purchase in the year prior to the survey but only 7.4% made a gardening related purchase online. Over 50% had made a gardening-related purchase in-person. The same respondents who made in-person purchases were the individuals who made the online gardening purchases, so the Internet provided a supplemental shopping venue. There were demographic differences between those who made online gardening purchases and solely in-person gardening purchases. More males, younger and slightly less affluent participants were more likely to make online purchases than solely in-person purchases for gardening products, supplies, and services while more females who were slightly older and more affluent were more likely to make in-person gardening-related purchases.

scholarly journals A Unified Effort to Fight an Enemy of Wheat and Barley: Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1712-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia McMullen ◽  
Gary Bergstrom ◽  
Erick De Wolf ◽  
Ruth Dill-Macky ◽  
Don Hershman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Food And Feed

Wheat and barley are critical food and feed crops around the world. Wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop. In the United States, production of wheat and barley contributes to domestic food and feed use, and contributes to the export market and balance of trade. Fifteen years ago, Plant Disease published a feature article titled “Scab of wheat and barley: A re-emerging disease of devastating impact”. That article described the series of severe Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics that occurred in the United States and Canada, primarily from 1991 through 1996, with emphasis on the unparalleled economic and sociological impacts caused by the 1993 FHB epidemic in spring grains in the Northern Great Plains region. Earlier publications had dealt with the scope and damage caused by this disease in the United States, Canada, Europe, and China. Reviews published after 1997 further described this disease and its impact on North American grain production in the 1990s. This article reviews the disease and documents the information on U.S. FHB epidemics since 1997. The primary goal of this article is to summarize a sustained, coordinated, and collaborative research program that was put in place shortly after the 1993 epidemic, a program intended to quickly lead to improved management strategies and outreach implementation. This program serves as a model to deal with other emerging plant disease threats.

Eugénie Éboué-Tell and Jane Vialle

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Grey Area ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
French Equatorial Africa ◽  
National Borders

Chapter three functions as a bridge between the first two chapters on locating possibilities for liberation in the grey area of Antillean departmentalization, and the next two chapters on African women’s demands for independence. It examines the ways in which Eugénie Éboué-Tell’s and Jane Vialle’s work in the French senate connected the anticolonial activism of women in the Antilles and French Equatorial Africa, and extended this activism beyond the borders of imperial France to include the United States. Both women forged transnational black feminist networks and thus claimed multiple communities and political affiliations that often defied imperial and national borders.

Political and Technological Changes That Created Jon Stewart and Bill O’Reilly

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Dannagal Goldthwaite Young
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Television News ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Television Industry ◽  
American Media ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cable Television Industry

This chapter describes the regulatory, political, and technological changes in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s that set the stage for the television satire and outrage programming of the early 2000s. It summarizes the story of the deregulation of the American media industry and argues that the resulting increased demand for profits from television news eroded the journalistic mission. It also explains the roots of political polarization in the United States, from social and cultural shifts to changes in the party nominating processes and to the increased role of soft (and dark) money in elections. The chapter chronicles the history of the cable television industry and how the proliferation of channels in the 1980s upended the economics of media, erasing the concept of the “mass audience” in favor of smaller niche audiences defined by psychographics and sociodemographics.

Global Texts, Narrativity and the Construction of Local and Global Meanings in Television News

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gurevitch ◽  
Anandam P. Kavoori
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Television News ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Global Television ◽  
Media Globalization

Abstract This article discusses the relevance of narrative analysis to the study of media globalization by presenting results of an ongoing study of television news in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. It discusses issues of local and global meanings by focusing on a number of elements of narrative structure (time, valence, story/discourse, themes, drama, genre, and myths) and argues that each element presents ways to track particularistic and universalistic meanings in television news. A concluding section emphasizes the importance of narrative analysis to the study of globalization with a discussion of live global television events. (Journalism and Mass Communication)

Wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Kapucu, PhD ◽  
Brittany Haupt, MEd ◽  
Murat Yuksel, PhD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Critical Spectrum

With the vast number of fragmented, independent public safety wireless communication systems, the United States is encountering major challenges with enhancing interoperability and effectively managing costs while sharing limited availability of critical spectrum. The traditional hierarchical approach of emergency management does not always allow for needed flexibility and is not a mandate. A national system would reduce equipment needs, increase effectiveness, and enrich quality and coordination of response; however, it is dependent on integrating the commercial market. This article discusses components of an ideal national wireless public safety system consists along with key policies in regulating wireless communication and spectrum sharing for public safety and challenges for implementation.

Ancient monuments of the Mississippi Valley by E.G. Squier & E.H. Davis: the first classic of US archaeology

Antiquity ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (278) ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Paul D. Welch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
Ancient Monuments

The two most important 19th-century books on archaeology in the United States both dealt with earthworks. The earlier of these two, Ancient monuments of the Mississippi Valley by Ephraim G. Squier & Edwin H. Davis, was the first volume published by the fledgling Smithsonian Institution, and is 150 years old this year. It presented, with lavish illustrations, information about hundreds of earthworks. Its principal argument was that the mounds had been built by an American race distinct from the historically known indigenes, no less and perhaps considerably more than 1000 years ago. This volume in no small measure catalysed the development of archaeology in the United States. Without Squier & Davis’ extensive documentation of the vast number, size, complexity and variety of earthworks, the later book might never have been commissioned or might have been conceived in far less ambitious terms.

The United States Hardwood Log Export Market

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Dwight R. McCurdy ◽  
Fan H. Kung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The volume and value of hardwood logs exported from the United States from 1978 through 1983 are described. In addition, the countries importing the greatest volume and the U.S. custom districts containing the most active ports of exit are discussed for each of the major hardwood log species. Finally, trends in hardwood log exports are analyzed. North J. Appl. For. 2:84-87, Sept 1985.

The Canadian Connection in the North American Hardwood Lumber Export Market

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
William G. Luppold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
International Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The North ◽  
Hardwood Lumber

Abstract Canada has consistently been the largest international market for U.S. hardwood lumber in both value and volume terms. Although much of the lumber shipped to Canada is used by Canadian industries, a significant amount is re-exported to Europe by Canadian brokers and wholesalers. In addition, 10 to 20% of U S. hardwood lumber exports to Europe are transshipped through Canadian ports. Most exports to Canada and transshipments through Canada exit the United States at inland points in the Northeast. This paper provides an alternative look at exports of lumber from the United States to Canada and examines the connection between Canada and U.S. exports to Europe. However, the volume of U.S. lumber and logs reprocessed in Canada and then exported is not known. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):91-93.

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