scholarly journals Correlation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Features of 211 COVID-19 Suspected Patients in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Song ◽  
Feihong Wu ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Hongwei Jiang ◽  
Fu Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to assess pulmonary involvement in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the correlation between chest CT and clinical features in COVID-19 suspected patients with or without fever. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 211 COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Wuhan, China. The performance of CT in patients with relevant onset of symptoms, with fever (n = 141) and without fever (n = 70), was assessed respectively. Results The sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 was 97.3%, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66–0.76). There were 141 suspected patients with fever and 70 without fever. In the fever group, 4 variables were screened to establish the basic model: age, monocyte, red blood cell, and hypertension. The AUC of the basic model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.81), while the AUC of the CT-aided model was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68–0.85), a significant difference (P < .05). In the nonfever group, only dry cough was screened out to establish the basic model. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64–0.88), which was not significantly different than the CT-aided model (P = .08). Conclusions Chest CT has a high sensitivity in patients with COVID-19, and it can improve diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 suspected patients with fever during the initial screen, whereas its value for nonfever patients remains questionable.

scholarly journals Clinical Utilization of DiaSorin Molecular Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pneumocystis Pneumonia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L Damhorst ◽  
Kari J Broder ◽  
Elizabeth C Overton ◽  
Ronelio Rara ◽  
Lindsay M Busch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Pneumocystis jirovecii polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is a sensitive diagnostic tool but does not distinguish infection from colonization. Cycle threshold (CT) may correlate with fungal burden and could be considered in clinical decision making. Clinical use of PCR and significance of CT values have not previously been examined with the DiaSorin Molecular platform. Methods Retrospective review of P jirovecii PCR, CT values and clinical data from 18 months in a multihospital academic health system. The diagnostic performance of PCR with respect to pathology and correlation of CT with severity were examined. Results Ninety-nine of 1006 (9.8%) assays from 786 patients in 919 encounters were positive. Among 91 (9.9%) encounters in which P jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) was treated, 41 (45%) were influenced by positive PCR. Negative PCR influenced discontinuation of therapy in 35 cases. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR were 93% (95% CI, 68%–100%) and 94% (95% CI, 91%–96%) with respect to pathology. CT values from deep respiratory specimens were significantly different among treated patients (P = .04) and those with positive pathology results (P < .0001) compared to patients not treated and those with negative pathology, respectively, and was highly predictive of positive pathology results (area under the curve = 0.92). No significant difference was observed in comparisons based on indicators of disease severity. Conclusions Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR was a highly impactful tool in the diagnosis and management of PJP, and use of CT values may have value in the treatment decision process in select cases. Further investigation in a prospective manner is needed.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khatami ◽  
Mohammad Saatchi ◽  
Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ◽  
Zahra Sadat Aghamir ◽  
Alireza Namazi Shabestari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

AbstractNowadays there is an ongoing acute respiratory outbreak caused by the novel highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19). The diagnostic protocol is based on quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chests CT scan, with uncertain accuracy. This meta-analysis study determines the diagnostic value of an initial chest CT scan in patients with COVID-19 infection in comparison with RT-PCR. Three main databases; PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and EMBASE were systematically searched for all published literature from January 1st, 2019, to the 21st May 2020 with the keywords "COVID19 virus", "2019 novel coronavirus", "Wuhan coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "X-Ray Computed Tomography", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Reverse Transcriptase PCR", and "PCR Reverse Transcriptase". All relevant case-series, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were selected. Data extraction and analysis were performed using STATA v.14.0SE (College Station, TX, USA) and RevMan 5. Among 1022 articles, 60 studies were eligible for totalizing 5744 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chest CT scan compared to RT-PCR were 87% (95% CI 85–90%), 46% (95% CI 29–63%), 69% (95% CI 56–72%), and 89% (95% CI 82–96%), respectively. It is important to rely on the repeated RT-PCR three times to give 99% accuracy, especially in negative samples. Regarding the overall diagnostic sensitivity of 87% for chest CT, the RT-PCR testing is essential and should be repeated to escape misdiagnosis.

scholarly journals Critical analysis: use of polymerase chain reaction to diagnose leprosy

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviane Granero Maltempe ◽  
Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin ◽  
Mariana Aparecida Lopes ◽  
Vera Lúcia Dias Siqueira ◽  
Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Biology Technique ◽  
Pcr Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

ABSTRACT Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease and an important public health problem, especially in developing countries. It is a chronic infectious disease that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which has a predilection for the skin and peripheral nerves. Although it has low sensitivity, slit-skin smear (SSS) remains the conventional auxiliary laboratory technique for the clinical diagnosis of leprosy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique that holds promise as a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool. In the present study, the performance of two PCR methods, using different targets, PCR-LP and PCR-P, were compared with SSS with regard to leprosy diagnosis in a reference laboratory. M. leprae DNA was extracted from 106 lymph samples of 40 patients who had clinical suspicion of leprosy. The samples were subjected to both PCR techniques and SSS. Amplification of the human b-globin gene was used as PCR inhibitor control. The specificity of both PCR techniques was 100%, and sensitivity was 0.007 and 0.015 µg/ml for PCR-LP and PCR-P, respectively. No significant difference was found between either the PCR-LP or PCR-P results and SSS results (p > 0.05). Although PCR is not yet a replacement for SSS in the diagnosis of leprosy, this technique may be used as an efficient auxiliary tool for early detection of the disease, especially in endemic regions. This strategy may also be useful in cases in which SSS results are negative (e.g., in paucibacillary patients) and cases in which skin biopsy cannot be performed.

scholarly journals Clinical outcomes of concomitant use of enteral and intravenous sedatives and analgesics in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayoung Kang ◽  
Mohammed A Alrashed ◽  
Eric M Place ◽  
Phuongthao T Nguyen ◽  
Stephen J Perona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Ventilation Time ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To evaluate potential differences in days on mechanical ventilation for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on route of administration of analgesic and sedative medications: intravenous (IV) alone vs IV + enteral (EN). Summary This institutional review board–approved study evaluated ventilation time and fentanyl or midazolam requirements with or without concurrent EN hydromorphone and lorazepam. Patients were included in the study if they were 18 to 89 years old and were admitted to the intensive care unit with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction or antigen test and respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 72 hours. In total, 100 patients were evaluated, 60 in the IV-only group and 40 in the IV + EN group. There was not a significant difference in ventilation time between the groups (mean [SD], 19.6 [12.8] days for IV + EN vs 15.6 [11.2] days for IV only; P = 0.104). However, fentanyl (2,064 [847] μg vs 2,443 [779] μg; P < 0.001) and midazolam (137 [72] mg vs 158 [70] mg; P = 0.004) requirements on day 3 were significantly higher in the IV-only group, and the increase in fentanyl requirements from day 1 to day 3 was greater in the IV-only group than in the IV + EN group (378 [625] μg vs 34 [971] μg; P = 0.033). Conclusion Addition of EN analgesic and sedative medications to those administered by the IV route did not change the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19, but the combination may reduce IV opioid requirements, decreasing the impact of IV medication shortages.

scholarly journals MDR1 polymorphisms are not related to Xeliri and Xelox chemoresistance in colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayat B. Al-Ghafari ◽  
Areej M. Alqahtani ◽  
Suzan N. Alturki ◽  
Huda Abdulaziz Al Doghaither ◽  
Hanaa M. Tashkandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Multidrug resistance member 1 (MDR1) is located on chromosome 7 and encodes P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is universally accepted as a drug resistance biomarker. MDR1 polymorphisms may change either the protein expression or function, suggesting its possible association with cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of MDR1 polymorphisms on the drug response of Saudi CRC patients.Methods DNA samples were obtained from 62 CRC patients and 100 healthy controls. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the MDR1 polymorphisms G2677T and T1236C were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results No significant difference was observed in the genotype distribution and allele frequency of T1236C between the CRC the patients and the controls. However, G2677T was found to play a highly significant protective role against the progression of CRC. Moreover, the results showed that none of the genotypes in SNPs T1236C and G2677T affected chemoresistance to Xeliri and Xelox.Conclusions T1236C in the MDR1 gene is not related to CRC risk, and G2677T protects against the development of CRC. Both MDR1 polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of chemoresistance.

Determination of a T/G polymorphism at nucleotide 3206 of the apolipoprotein C III gene by amplification refractory mutation system

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2235-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Y Tsai ◽  
N Q Hanson ◽  
K R Copeland ◽  
I Beheshti ◽  
U Garg
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mutation System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Exon 4 ◽  
And Control

Abstract We used the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)--a polymerase-chain-reaction-based method--to determine the 3206 T-to-G polymorphism on exon 4 of the apolipoprotein (apo) C III gene. Apo C III is an inhibitor of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34). Previous studies have demonstrated that a polymorphism at nucleotide 3175 on exon 4 of this gene is associated with hypertriglyceridemia. We studied 45 hypertriglyceridemic and 46 age-matched controls for the 3206 T-to-G polymorphism. The results showed a significant difference in the distribution of the genotypes with respect to this allele between the hypertriglyceridemic and control individuals. We also determined the presence of the SacI site at nucleotide 3175 in these same individuals and found no significant difference in SacI genotypes between the two groups. This study reaffirms the usefulness of ARMS as a simple, reliable method for detecting mutations and polymorphisms in clinical and epidemiological studies.

Study of the HLA-DPβ1 Locus by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guseppe Pellegris ◽  
Claudia Lombardo ◽  
Annelisa Cantoni ◽  
Liliana Devizzi ◽  
Monica Balzarotti
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background A number of reports have studied associations between Hodgkin's disease and HLA. Some of them established correlation between several antigens and Hodgkin's disease, and others found no correlations. Methods The HLA DP locus was determined by the polymerase chain reaction method in 31 Hodgkin's disease patients and 58 healthy controls. Results No significant difference between patients and controls was noted. Conclusions Further investigations are needed to confirm the hypothesis of a possible role of the HLA complex as one of the factors involved in Hodgkin's disease.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Spatial Origin of Puumala Virus Infections Using L Segment Sequences Derived from a Generic Screening PCR

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiss ◽  
Klempa ◽  
Tenner ◽  
Kruger ◽  
Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Puumala Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
L Segment ◽  
Virus Strains

To screen diagnostic specimens for the presence of hantavirus genomes or to identify new hantaviruses in nature, the pan-hanta L-PCR assay, a broadly reactive nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting the L segment, is highly preferred over other assays because of its universality and high sensitivity. In contrast, the geographic allocation of Puumala virus strains to defined outbreak regions in Germany was previously done based on S segment sequences. We show that the routinely generated partial L segment sequences resulting from the pan-hanta L-PCR assay provide sufficient phylogenetic signal to inform the molecular epidemiology of the Puumala virus. Consequently, an additional S segment analysis seems no longer necessary for the identification of the spatial origin of a virus strain.

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