scholarly journals Oral Polio Vaccine to protect against COVID-19: Out of the box strategies?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Malave Sanchez ◽  
Paul Saleeb ◽  
Shyam Kottilil ◽  
Poonam Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Production Distribution

Abstract The global COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns of developing rapid, broad strategies to protect the vulnerable population and prevent morbidity and mortality. However, even with an aggressive approach, controlling the pandemic has been challenging, with concerns of emerging variants that likely escape vaccines, non-adherence of social distancing/preventive measures by the public, and challenges in rapid implementation of a global vaccination program that involves mass production, distribution, and execution. In this review, we revisit the utilization of attenuated vaccinations, such as the oral polio vaccine, which are safe, easy to administer and likely provide cross-protection against respiratory pathogens. We discuss the rationale, data supporting its use, and detail description of available vaccines that could be repurposed for curtailing the pandemic.

scholarly journals To Boldly Remember Where We Have Already Been

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
Nathaniel L. Moir
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Current Vaccine

Abstract This article revisits the Cutter Incident in the United States in April 1955 when mass-produced doses of polio vaccine containing insufficiently inactivated (killed) live polio virus were released to the U.S. public. The Cutter Incident also affected subsequent vaccine development and these lessons remain relevant in the international quest to create a rapidly developed vaccine for COVID-19. The Cutter Incident shows how things can go wrong when a vaccine is manufactured in haste and without adequate safety precautions during mass-production. In the article’s later section, liability without fault, among other consequences resulting from the incident, are also assessed in the context of current vaccine development through Operation Warp Speed, the public-private partnership funded by the U.S. government to develop a remedy for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Commentary: Trained immunity and beyond: the not-yet lost chance to win with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Kloc ◽  
Rafik Mark Ghobrial ◽  
Jacek Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
The Common

COVID-19 pandemic has frightened people and governments all around the world. The common opinion is that there are no efficient preventive measures but masks, isolation, and social distancing. The deliverance is hoped from the SARS-CoV-2-specific vaccine, which must be efficient and cheap. But, so far nobody knows when, and if such a vaccine will be developed and mass-produced. Trained immunity with oral polio vaccine (OPV) was recently proposed as a temporal solution against the heavy course of COVID-19. However, politics do not seem to follow, and the scientific world should react because humanity has no time to lose. Below, we support this with our thoughts.

Towards Polio Eradication in Nigeria: Identifying at Risk Population for Low Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Uptake

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 389A-389A
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi O. Falope ◽  
Korede K. Adegoke ◽  
Chukwudi O. Ejiofor ◽  
Nnadozie C. Emechebe ◽  
Taiwo O Talabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals The case for replacing live oral polio vaccine with inactivated vaccine in the Americas

The Lancet ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 395 (10230) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Jorge A Alfaro-Murillo ◽  
Marí L Ávila-Agüero ◽  
Meagan C Fitzpatrick ◽  
Caroline J Crystal ◽  
Luiza-Helena Falleiros-Arlant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Yuri Perepliotchikov ◽  
Tomer Ziv-Baran ◽  
Musa Hindiyeh ◽  
Yossi Manor ◽  
Danit Sofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Response to and monitoring of viral outbreaks can be efficiently focused when rapid, quantitative, kinetic information provides the location and the number of infected individuals. Environmental surveillance traditionally provides information on location of populations with contagious, infected individuals since infectious poliovirus is excreted whether infections are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Here, we describe development of rapid (1 week turnaround time, TAT), quantitative RT-PCR of poliovirus RNA extracted directly from concentrated environmental surveillance samples to infer the number of infected individuals excreting poliovirus. The quantitation method was validated using data from vaccination with bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV). The method was then applied to infer the weekly number of excreters in a large, sustained, asymptomatic outbreak of wild type 1 poliovirus in Israel (2013) in a population where >90% of the individuals received three doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Evidence-based intervention strategies were based on the short TAT for direct quantitative detection. Furthermore, a TAT shorter than the duration of poliovirus excretion allowed resampling of infected individuals. Finally, the method documented absence of infections after successful intervention of the asymptomatic outbreak. The methodologies described here can be applied to outbreaks of other excreted viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where there are (1) significant numbers of asymptomatic infections; (2) long incubation times during which infectious virus is excreted; and (3) limited resources, facilities, and manpower that restrict the number of individuals who can be tested and re-tested.

scholarly journals Oral Polio Vaccine Influences the Immune Response to BCG Vaccination. A Natural Experiment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e10328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erliyani Sartono ◽  
Ida M. Lisse ◽  
Elisabeth M. Terveer ◽  
Paula J. M. van de Sande ◽  
Hilton Whittle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Excretion of Wild-Type and Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in the Feces of Poliovirus Receptor-Transgenic Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 6541-6545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein J. Boot ◽  
Daniella T. J. Kasteel ◽  
Anne-Marie Buisman ◽  
Tjeerd G. Kimman
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Poliovirus Receptor

ABSTRACT The emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) strains in suboptimally vaccinated populations is a serious threat to the global poliovirus eradication. The genetic determinants for the transmissibility phenotype of polioviruses, and in particularly of cVDPV strains, are currently unknown. Here we describe the fecal excretion of wild-type poliovirus, oral polio vaccine, and cVDPV (Hispaniola) strains after intraperitoneal injection in poliovirus receptor-transgenic mice. Both the pattern and the level of fecal excretion of the cVDPV strains resemble those of wild-type poliovirus type 1. In contrast, very little poliovirus was present in the feces after oral polio vaccine administration. This mouse model will be helpful in elucidating the genetic determinants for the high fecal-oral transmission phenotype of cVDPV strains.

scholarly journals Evaluating cessation of the type 2 oral polio vaccine by modeling pre- and post-cessation detection rates

Vaccine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (42) ◽  
pp. 5674-5681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve J. Kroiss ◽  
Michael Famulare ◽  
Hil Lyons ◽  
Kevin A. McCarthy ◽  
Laina D. Mercer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Sex-Differential Effect on Infant Mortality of Oral Polio Vaccine Administered with BCG at Birth in Guinea-Bissau. A Natural Experiment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e4056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stabell Benn ◽  
Ane Bærent Fisker ◽  
Amabelia Rodrigues ◽  
Henrik Ravn ◽  
Erliyani Sartono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Guinea Bissau
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