scholarly journals 153. Gone Are the Other Respiratory Viruses During COVID…but the Rhinovirus/Enterovirus “Cockroach” Persists!

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S92-S93
Author(s):  
Jasjit Singh ◽  
Beth Huff ◽  
Delma Nieves ◽  
Wendi Gornick
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
California Department ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background In a typical winter respiratory season, Influenza A, Influenza B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections are common in pediatrics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we noted a marked decrease in all except for Rhinovirus/Enterovirus at our free-standing quaternary level children’s hospital. Methods We prospectively reviewed all patients with positive testing for viral respiratory pathogens from October 1, 2018 through May 29, 2021. Testing was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (BioFire® FilmArray® Respiratory 2 Panel, UT) and by SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing (Cepheid®, CA). The latter may have been done for pre-procedure or admission screening. We submitted 74 specimens to the California Department Public Health (CDPH) for definitive identification and serotyping analysis. Results The number of Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RV/EV) infections was compared with Influenza A & B, RSV, and hMPV over the past 3 years. There was a 152% increase in RV/EV from 2018-2019 to 2020-2021 with near absence of other respiratory viruses (Figure 1). In 2020-2021, RV/EV (N=877, 84%) made up a larger percentage of all viral etiologies compared to 2018-2019 (N=348, 11%) (Figure 2). Healthcare acquired infections (HAI) due to respiratory viruses decreased in 2020-2021 compared to both of the prior seasons, though all cases were due to RV/EV (Figure 3). There were no RV/EV associated deaths. Of 74 submitted, CDPH did typing on 24 samples; all were found to be rhinovirus (RV). Figure 1. High-Risk Winter Viral Infections 2019-2021. Figure 2. Distribution of Winter Viral Pathogens 2018-2019 Compared to 2020-2021 Season. Figure 3. Winter Viral Healthcare Associated Infections 2019-2021. Conclusion We experienced a marked increase in RV/EV during COVID precautions, despite a near absence of other common respiratory viruses. This was reflected in both our community data and HAI due to respiratory viruses. There was a marked increase in RV/EV starting with week 18 (Figure 4). We hypothesize this is due to schools’ re-opening. Understanding RV epidemiology and transmission is important, as it may inform return to school and work protocols for the upcoming respiratory viral season. Figure 4. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus by Week for the 2020-2021 Season. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Mortality Following Isolation of Various Respiratory Viruses in Nursing Home Residents

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 812-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Drinka ◽  
Stefan Gravenstein ◽  
Elizabeth Langer ◽  
Peggy Krause ◽  
Peter Shult
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractObjective:To compare mortality following isolation of influenza A to mortality following isolation of other respiratory viruses in a nursing home.Setting:The Wisconsin Veterans Home, a 688-bed skilled nursing facility for veterans and their spouses.Participants:All residents with respiratory viral isolates obtained between 1988 and 1999.Design:Thirty-day mortality was determined following each culture-proven illness.Results:Thirty-day mortality following isolation of viral respiratory pathogens was 4.7% (15/322) for influenza A 5.4% (7/129) for influenza B; 6.1% (3/49) for parainfluenza type 1; 0% (0/26) for parainfluenza types 2,3, and 4; 0% (0/26) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); and 1.6% (1/61) for rhinovirus.Conclusions:Mortality following isolation of certain other respiratory viruses may be comparable to that following influenza A (although influenza A mortality might be higher without vaccination and antiviral agents). The use of uniform secretion precautions for all viral respiratory illness deserves consideration in nursing homes.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory viral infections in children in Rio de Janeiro and Teresópolis, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina M. Albuquerque ◽  
Rafael B. Varella ◽  
Norma Santos
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

The frequency of viral pathogens causing respiratory infections in children in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Teresópolis was investigated. Nasal swabs from children with acute respiratory illnesses were collected between March 2006 and October 2007. Specimens were tested for viral detection by conventional (RT)-PCR and/or real time PCR. Of the 205 nasal swabs tested, 64 (31.2%) were positive for at least one of the viral pathogens. Single infections were detected in 56 samples, 50 of those were caused by RNA viruses: 33 samples tested positive for rhinovirus, five for influenza A, five for metapneumovirus, four for coronavirus and, three for respiratory syncytial virus. For the DNA viruses, five samples were positive for bocavirus and one for adenovirus. Co-infections with these viruses were detected in eight samples. Our data demonstrate a high frequency of viral respiratory infections, emphasizing the need for a more accurate diagnosis particularly for the emerging respiratory viruses. The fact that the emerging respiratory viruses were present in 9.2% of the tested samples suggests that these viruses could be important respiratory pathogens in the country.

scholarly journals Circulation of Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Adults before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brescia, Italy: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9525
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia De Francesco ◽  
Caterina Pollara ◽  
Franco Gargiulo ◽  
Mauro Giacomelli ◽  
Arnaldo Caruso
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Different preventive public health measures were adopted globally to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as hand hygiene and the use of masks, travel restrictions, social distance actions such as the closure of schools and workplaces, case and contact tracing, quarantine and lockdown. These measures, in particular physical distancing and the use of masks, might have contributed to containing the spread of other respiratory viruses that occurs principally by contact and droplet routes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different respiratory viruses (influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3 and 4, rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and human coronaviruses) after one year of the pandemic. Furthermore, another aim was to evaluate the possible impact of these non-pharmaceutical measures on the circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses. This single center study was conducted between January 2017–February 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and March 2020–May 2021 (pandemic period). All adults >18 years with respiratory symptoms and tested for respiratory pathogens were included in the study. Nucleic acid detection of all respiratory viruses was performed by multiplex real time PCR. Our results show that the test positivity for influenza A and B, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and human coronaviruses decreased with statistical significance during the pandemic. Contrary to this, for adenovirus the decrease was not statistically significant. Conversely, a statistically significant increase was detected for rhinovirus. Coinfections between different respiratory viruses were observed during the pre-pandemic period, while the only coinfection detected during pandemic was between SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus. To understand how the preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 might alter the transmission dynamics and epidemic patterns of respiratory viruses is fundamental to guide future preventive recommendations.

scholarly journals Influenza and RSV incidence during COVID-19 pandemic—an observational study from in-hospital point-of-care testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stamm ◽  
Ingo Sagoschen ◽  
Kerstin Weise ◽  
Bodo Plachter ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Emergency Room Patients ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has forced the implementation of unprecedented public health measures strategies which might also have a significant impact on the spreading of other viral pathogens such as influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) . The present study compares the incidences of the most relevant respiratory viruses before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in emergency room patients. We analyzed the results of in total 14,946 polymerase chain reaction point-of-care tests (POCT-PCR) for Influenza A, Influenza B, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 in an adult and a pediatric emergency room between December 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021. Despite a fivefold increase in the number of tests performed, the positivity rate for Influenza A dropped from 19.32% (165 positives of 854 tests in 2018/19), 14.57% (149 positives of 1023 in 2019–20) to 0% (0 positives of 4915 tests) in 2020/21. In analogy, the positivity rate for Influenza B and RSV dropped from 0.35 to 1.47%, respectively, 10.65–21.08% to 0% for both in 2020/21. The positivity rate for SARS-CoV2 reached 9.74% (110 of 1129 tests performed) during the so-called second wave in December 2020. Compared to the two previous years, seasonal influenza and RSV incidence was eliminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Corona-related measures and human behavior patterns could lead to a significant decline or even complete suppression of other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens among Elderly Nursing Home Residents with Acute Respiratory Infections in Corsica, France, 2013–2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Masse ◽  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Alessandra Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Background. The current study aims to describe the demographical and clinical characteristics of elderly nursing home (NH) residents with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) during four winter seasons (2013/2014–2016/2017), as well as the microbiological etiology of these infections. Methods. Seventeen NHs with at least one ARI resident in Corsica, France, were included. An ARI resident was defined as a resident developing a sudden onset of any constitutional symptoms in addition to any respiratory signs. Nasopharyngeal swabs from ARI residents were screened for the presence of 21 respiratory agents, including seasonal influenza viruses. Results. Of the 107 ARI residents enrolled from NHs, 61 (57%) were positive for at least one of the 21 respiratory pathogens. Forty-one (38.3%) of the 107 ARI residents had influenza: 38 (92%) were positive for influenza A (100% A(H3N2)) and three (8%) for influenza B/Victoria. Axillary fever (≥38°C) was significantly more common among patients infected with influenza A(H3N2). Conclusion. The circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses other than influenza A(H3N2) seems to be sporadic among elderly NH residents. Investigating the circulation of respiratory viruses in nonwinter seasons seems to be important in order to understand better the dynamic of their year-round circulation in NHs.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Sequencing To Detect Respiratory Viruses in Persons under Investigation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. e02142-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Babiker ◽  
Heath L. Bradley ◽  
Victoria D. Stittleburg ◽  
Jessica M. Ingersoll ◽  
Autum Key ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Testing Algorithms ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTBroad testing for respiratory viruses among persons under investigation (PUIs) for SARS-CoV-2 has been performed inconsistently, limiting our understanding of alternative viral infections and coinfections in these patients. RNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers an agnostic tool for the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA respiratory viruses in PUIs. Here, we used RNA mNGS to assess the frequencies of alternative viral infections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-negative PUIs (n = 30) and viral coinfections in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive PUIs (n = 45). mNGS identified all viruses detected by routine clinical testing (influenza A [n = 3], human metapneumovirus [n = 2], and human coronavirus OC43 [n = 2], and human coronavirus HKU1 [n = 1]). mNGS also identified both coinfections (1, 2.2%) and alternative viral infections (4, 13.3%) that were not detected by routine clinical workup (respiratory syncytial virus [n = 3], human metapneumovirus [n = 1], and human coronavirus NL63 [n = 1]). Among SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive PUIs, lower cycle threshold (CT) values correlated with greater SARS-CoV-2 read recovery by mNGS (R2, 0.65; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that current broad-spectrum molecular testing algorithms identify most respiratory viral infections among SARS-CoV-2 PUIs, when available and implemented consistently.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of Panther Fusion Assays for Detection of Respiratory Viruses from Nasopharyngeal and Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soya S. Sam ◽  
Angela M. Caliendo ◽  
Jessica Ingersoll ◽  
Deborah Abdul-Ali ◽  
Charles E. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Accurate and rapid diagnosis is needed for timely intervention and clinical management of acute respiratory infections. This study evaluated performance characteristics of the Panther Fusion assay for the detection of influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza viruses 1 to 3 (Para 1 to 3), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinovirus (RV), and adenovirus (Adeno) targets in comparison to those of the eSensor and Lyra assays using 395 nasopharyngeal (NP) and 104 lower respiratory tract (LRT) specimens. Based on the consensus positive result established (positive result in 2 of the 3 assays), the NP specimens for the Fusion and eSensor assays had 100% positive percent agreement (PPA) for all the analytes and the Lyra assays had 100% PPA for Flu A and Adeno analytes. A 100% negative percent agreement (NPA) was observed for all the Lyra analytes, whereas those for the Fusion targets ranged from 98.4 to 100% and those for the eSensor ranged from 99.4 to 100% for all the analytes except RV. For the LRT specimens, Fusion had 100% PPA and 100% NPA for all the targets except hMPV. There was a 100% PPA for eSensor analytes; the NPA ranged from 98 to 100%, except for RV. For the Lyra assays, the PPA ranged between 50 and 100%, while the NPA was 100% for all the targets except Adeno. The Fusion assay performed similarly to the eSensor assay for majority of the targets tested and provides laboratories with a fully automated random-access system to test for a broad array of viral respiratory pathogens.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and virological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in children during COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueling Zhu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Binbin Yang ◽  
Ruiying Qian ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To investigate the impact of protective measures and isolation on respiratory tract infections in children during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods We extracted data on outpatient visits and respiratory infection visits, and tests of respiratory viruses (adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FluA), influenza B (FluB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) from electronic healthcare records in Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during the COVID-19 outbreak (January–April, 2020), compared with those in 2018 and 2019 during the same periods. Results We found that outpatient visits in January, 2020 was comparable with those in 2018 and 2019, but decreased by 59.9% (288,003 vs. 717,983) and 57.4% (288,003 vs. 676,704), respectively during the period of February-April, 2020, as compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The total number of respiratory tract infections from January to April 2020 decreased by 65.7% (119,532 vs.348,762) and 59.0% (119,532 vs.291,557), respectively compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019. The proportion of respiratory tract infections during the outbreak also dropped compared with the same periods in 2018 and 2019 (P<0.001). We also found significantly decreased number of completed tests for respiratory viruses and positive cases of ADV, FluA, FluB, and RSV during February-April, 2020. Conclusions In this study, we found that outpatient visits and respiratory tract infections in children significantly decreased during COVID-19 outbreak. Adequate protective measures and isolation in children may help to prevent respiratory virus infections in children.

scholarly journals Coinfection with Respiratory Pathogens in COVID-19 in Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Ho Roh ◽  
Yu Kyung Kim ◽  
Shin-Woo Kim ◽  
Eun-Rim Kang ◽  
Yong-Jin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Specimen ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Viral Coinfection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

AbstractDetection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in upper and lower respiratory specimens and coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were investigated. From the study subjects (N = 258) retrospectively enrolled when confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive, nasopharyngeal (NPS), oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), and sputum specimens were restored for retesting SARS-CoV-2 and detecting respiratory pathogens. Majority of the study subjects (95.7%, N = 247) were confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS/OPS specimens, suggesting that the upper respiratory specimen is most valuable in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Coinfection rates in COVID-19 patients (N = 258) with respiratory pathogens were 9.7% (N = 25); 8.5% (N = 22) respiratory viruses and 1.2% (N = 3) Mycoplasma pneumoniae, an atypical bacterium. Of the respiratory virus coinfection cases (N = 22), 20 (90.9%) were co-infected with a single respiratory virus and 2 (0.8%) (metapneumovirus/adenovirus and rhinovirus/bocavirus 1/2/3/4) with two viruses. Respiratory viruses in single viral coinfection cases with SARS-CoV-2 were as follows: non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses (229E, NL63, and OC43, N = 5, 1.9%), rhinovirus (N = 4, 1.6%), metapneumovirus (N = 3, 1.2%), influenza A (N = 3, 1.2%), respiratory syncytial virus A and B (N = 3, 1.2%), and adenovirus (N = 2, 0.8%). No mixed coinfections with respiratory viruses and M. pneumoniae were found. In conclusion, the diagnostic value of utilizing NPS/OPS specimen is excellent, and, as the first report in Korea, coinfection with respiratory pathogens were detected at a rate of 9.7% in patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Analytical performances of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262258
Author(s):  
Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa ◽  
Serge Tonen-Wolyec ◽  
David Veyer ◽  
Hélène Péré ◽  
Laurent Bélec
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Although patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) show comparable or very similar manifestations, the therapeutic approaches of these respiratory viral infections are different, which requires an accurate diagnosis. Recently, the novel multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex (BioSynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) allows simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory tract samples. We herein evaluated the performance of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex for the detection of the four viruses in respiratory specimens, using Allplex™ Respiratory Panel 1 and 2019-nCoV assays (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) as reference comparator assays. A total of 359 archived predetermined respiratory samples, including 83, 145, 19 and 95 positive specimens for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV respectively, were included. The AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex showed high concordance with the reference assays, with an overall agreement for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV at 97.6%, 98.8%, 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, and high κ values ranging from 0.93 to 1.00, indicating an almost perfect agreement between assays. Furthermore, high correlations of cycle threshold (Ct) values were observed for positive samples of the four viruses between the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex and comparator assays, with an overall high agreement between Ct values assessed by Bland-Altman analyses. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that the multiplex AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex is a reliable assay for the qualitative detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory specimens, which may prove useful for streamlining diagnostics during the winter influenza-seasons.

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