scholarly journals Genetic Resistance to Malaria Is Associated With Greater Enhancement of Immunoglobulin (Ig)M Than IgG Responses to a Broad Array of Plasmodium falciparum Antigens

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Arama ◽  
Jeff Skinner ◽  
Didier Doumtabe ◽  
Silvia Portugal ◽  
Tuan M. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Broad Array

Abstract Background.  People of the Fulani ethnic group are more resistant to malaria compared with genetically distinct ethnic groups, such as the Dogon people, in West Africa, and studies suggest that this resistance is mediated by enhanced antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens. However, prior studies measured antibody responses to <0.1% of P falciparum proteins, so whether the Fulani mount an enhanced and broadly reactive immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG response to P falciparum remains unknown. In general, little is known about the extent to which host genetics influence the overall antigen specificity of IgM and IgG responses to natural infections. Methods.  In a cross-sectional study in Mali, we collected plasma from asymptomatic, age-matched Fulani (n = 24) and Dogon (n = 22) adults with or without concurrent P falciparum infection. We probed plasma against a protein microarray containing 1087 P falciparum antigens and compared IgM and IgG profiles by ethnicity. Results.  We found that the breadth and magnitude of P falciparum-specific IgM and IgG responses were significantly higher in the malaria-resistant Fulani versus the malaria-susceptible Dogon, and, unexpectedly, P falciparum-specific IgM responses more strongly distinguished the 2 ethnic groups. Conclusions.  These findings point to an underappreciated role for IgM in protection from malaria, and they suggest that host genetics may influence the antigen specificity of IgM and IgG responses to infection.

Detection of Genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
G.Y. Benjamin ◽  
H.I. Inabo ◽  
M.H.I. Doko ◽  
B.O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Test Kit

Malaria is a disease of public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. It is caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The aim of this study was to detect genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance among malaria patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional study that lasted from May 2018 to October 2018. Three hundred blood samples were collected from consenting individuals attending selected hospitals, in the three senatorial districts of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire were used to obtain relevant data from study participants. The blood samples were screened for malaria parasites using microscopy and rapid diagnostic test kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used for detection of the drug resistance genes. Pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfatpase6 genes were detected at expected amplicon sizes from the malaria positive samples. The pfatpase6 PCR amplicons were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was created to determine their relatedness. Result showed that Pfcrt (80%) had the highest prevalence, followed by pfdhfr (60%), pfmdr1 (36%) and pfdhps (8%). Pfatpase6 was also detected in 73.3% of the samples, and a phylogenetic tree showed relatedness between the pfatpase6  sequences in this study and those deposited in the GenBank. In conclusion, the study detected that Plasmodium falciparum genes were associated with drug resistance to commonly used antimalarials.

scholarly journals Relationship between Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit and Obesity Traits among Different Ethnic Groups in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolaji Fatai OYEYEMI ◽  
John Oluwafemi ADEBAYO ◽  
Abass Toba ANIFOWOSHE ◽  
Oluyinka Ajibola IYIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Digit ratio (2D:4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. There are contradicting reports on its relationship with ethnicity/race, whereas convincing studies show it is related to obesity. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to demystify ethnic difference in 2D:4D ratio and to analyze its relationship with obesity among adults in Ilorin Nigeria. The cross-sectional study included 701 individuals. Finger lengths were measured with electronic calipers and other anthropometric traits were measured with standard procedure. Student t test and one-way ANOVA were used to detect differences among groups and relationship was computed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operator characteristic curves were used to detect the diagnostic effect of 2D:4D for obesity. The obtained results showed sexual dimorphism in 2D:4D ratio and other anthropometrics at p < 0.01. Obesity was associated with significantly higher mean of 2D:4D in both genders (female 0.9814 ± 0.012:0.9700 ± 0.012; male 0.9700 ± 0.010:0.9592 ± 0.010 at p < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.753 (95% CI 0.677-0.829, p < 0.01) and 0.798 (95% CI 0.756-0.804, p < 0.01) in female and male R2D:4D respectively for obesity, implying that 2D:4D might be a surrogate marker for obesity in future.  No significant difference was found in 2D:4D among different ethnic groups studied (p >0.05); this result proved that there was no ethnic specificity in 2D:4D ratio among study’ participants. Thus, it can be reported that the digit ratio was related to high 2D:4D, but this cannot be said for different ethnic groups. The results imply that 2D:4D might be a good surrogate indicator for obesity, but not ethnicity.  

scholarly journals The Politics of Security Deployment of Security Operatives to Jos Metropolis, Plateau State, Nigeria 2001-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-132
Author(s):  
Umar Dantani ◽  
Peter Nungshak Wika ◽  
Muhammad Maigari Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract The paper examines the politics of security deployment by the Federal Government of Nigeria to Jos, metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted and Public Opinion Theory adopted. Methodologically, mixed methods of data collection were conducted that involved the administration of 377 questionnaires to adult respondents, six In-Depth Interviews with religious and community leaders while three Key Informant Interviews with security personnel working with Special Task Force. The survey reveals that, the deployment of Mobile Police from 2001-2010 and the formation of Special Task Force in 2010 has generated mixed reactions and divergent perceptions among the residents of Jos metropolis. Majority of the ethnic groups that are predominantly Christians were more contented with the deployment of the Mobile Police whereas ethnic groups that are dominantly Muslims questioned the neutrality, capability, performance and strength of the Nigerian Police Force in managing the crises. The study recommends that, security personnel should display high degree of neutrality in order to earn the confidence of the residents and change their perceptions.

scholarly journals Study of canthal index in Nepalese undergraduate medical students of BPKIHS, Nepal: gender and ethnic differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Sandip Shah ◽  
Sarun Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Anthropology ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Background: Craniofacial anthropometry is a technique used in both physical and clinical anthropology comprising precise and systematic measurements of the human skull. It also includes measurement of the medial and lateral canthal distances. People of different genetic background subjected to significantly different environmental influences have different craniofacial morphology.Objectives: To find out effect of gender and ethnicity on Canthal anthropometry.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to determine and compare canthal anthropometry among 299 undergraduate students (Male=161, Female=138) of different ethnic groups (Indo-Nepalese, indigenous and Tibeto-Nepalese) of age group 19-21 years at BPKIHS. Medial and lateral canthal distances were measured by using straight vernier caliper and canthal index (medial canthal distances / lateral canthal distance × 100) for all three ethnic groups in both sexes were compared.Results: The study has shown that the female students had higher canthal index than male students (27.65±12.35 vs 23.96±5.76). When compared on the basis of ethnicity, Indo-Nepalese had highest value of canthal index followed by Indigenous and Tibeto-Nepalese.Conclusion: In conclusion, genetics and environmental factors are responsible for the variation in canthal indices and other craniofacial indices between and within populations. Therefore, its standard values are largely applicable for clinical assessment of patients with syndrome affecting canthal anatomy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v3i2.11231Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 3, No. 2, Issue 8, Apr.-Jun., 2014Page: 78-81

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence and determinants of six ethnic groups living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands: a population-based cross-sectional study, June-October 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Coyer ◽  
Anders Boyd ◽  
Janke Schinkel ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Henrike Galenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Children

AbstractBackgroundEthnic minorities have higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, but little is known about ethnic differences in past exposure. We aimed to determine whether prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure varied between six ethnic groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.MethodsParticipants aged 25-79 years enrolled in a population-based prospective cohort were randomly selected within ethnic groups and invited to test for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and answer COVID-19 related questions. We estimated prevalence and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure within ethnic groups using survey-weighted logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and calendar time.ResultsBetween June 24-October 9, 2020, we included 2497 participants. Adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was comparable between ethnic-Dutch (25/498; 5.5%, 95%CI=3.2-7.9), South-Asian Surinamese (22/451; 4.8%, 95%CI=2.1-7.5), African Surinamese (22/400; 8.2%, 95%CI=3.0-13.4), Turkish (30/408; 7.8%, 95%CI=4.3-11.2) and Moroccan (32/391; 7.0%, 95%CI=4.0-9.9) participants, but higher among Ghanaians (95/327; 26.5%, 95%CI=18.7-34.4). 57.1% of SARS-CoV-2-positive participants did not suspect or were unsure of being infected, which was lowest in African Surinamese (18.2%) and highest in Ghanaians (90.5%). Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 exposure varied across ethnic groups, while the most common determinant was having a household member suspected of infection. In Ghanaians, seropositivity was associated with older age, larger household sizes, living with small children, leaving home to work and attending religious services.ConclusionsNo remarkable differences in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence were observed between the largest ethnic groups in Amsterdam after the first wave of infections. The higher infection seroprevalence observed among Ghanaians, which passed mostly unnoticed, warrants wider prevention efforts and opportunities for non-symptom-based testing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of bleeding symptoms in Nigerian population: A cross-sectional study of the three major ethnic groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 100016
Author(s):  
Eyiuche D. Ezigbo ◽  
Polit U. Yelpoji ◽  
Amaechi I. Mba ◽  
Helen C. Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nigerian Population

scholarly journals PO 8563 UNCOMMONLY HIGH AND SYMPTOMATIC PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM INFECTIONS IN GABONESE ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A53.3-A53
Author(s):  
Rella Zoleko Manego ◽  
Eric Koehne ◽  
Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundMalaria remains a public health issue particularly in sub-Saharan Africa with special features of seriousness in young children and pregnant women. Older children and adults reported to have acquired a semi-immune status and therefore show low parasitaemia and less pronounced symptoms if any. We aim to explore parasitaemia and symptoms in adolescents and adults with malaria compared to younger children in the Lambaréné area.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in CERMEL for a month in 2018. Adults and children were screened for malaria at health facilities in Lambaréné and Fougamou and their respective surrounding villages in the central region of Gabon. Malaria infection was determined either by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or by thick blood smear (TBS). Body temperature, history of fever, age, sex, haemoglobin level, and location were collected.ResultsFrom 09 January to 09 February 2018, a total of 596 patients were screened and 280 (47%) belonged to the adult population. Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults was diagnosed based on the detection of P. falciparum in thick blood films. Prevalence among the adults was 56% (n=141); 34% of adult patients had a parasite count between 1015–116,079 pf/µl. Fever was found in 31% of adults and several symptoms were reported by the same patient. Vomiting, loss of appetite, and fatigue were significantly more present in the adult population than in children.ConclusionThis study shows a high rate of Plasmodium falciparum infection in adults associated to clinical symptoms and high level of parasitaemia. Adults seem to become an at-risk population, suggesting that malaria programmes should consider including adults in the implementation of a malaria prevention programme.

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