Using Random Experiments to Measure the Impact of Computers, the Internet, and Other Forms of Technology on Educational Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Robert Fairlie
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
New Literature

This chapter examines empirical approaches to studying the question of whether computers, the Internet, and other computer-related technologies improve educational outcomes. Most studies in the literature examine the question using multivariate regression analysis controlling for detailed school, teacher, student, family, and/or parental characteristics. Because of concerns regarding selection bias a relatively new literature uses randomized field experiments to examine the educational impacts of computer-related technology. Additionally, studies use quasi-experimental approaches such as natural experiments and regression discontinuity designs to estimate educational impacts. This chapter reviews the literature using these approaches and discusses each of the methodologies along with their strengths and weaknesses. Understanding the impacts of technology on education is important, because it sheds light on whether technology is an important input in the educational production process and whether disparities in access to technology translate into educational inequality.

scholarly journals In the Purchase’s Essence: Sensory and symbolic elements in the descriptions of perfume sales over the Internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Brenda Allana Santos De Paula ◽  
Miriam Leite Farias ◽  
Salomão Alencar de Farias ◽  
Ilda Maria Moraes e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Internet Sales ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Product Description ◽  
Do So

This study aimed to analyse whether sensory and symbolic elements used in perfume descriptions in internet sales can positively influence the level of involvement and consumer buying intention. To do so, a quasi-experimental design was adopted with the creation of three scenarios: one control group and two experimental groups.  Each participant was presented to only one of the scenarios created, characterizing the model between subjects. Regarding the results, it was found that it is not possible to perceive differences between the means of the groups in relation to the dependent variables, except for a negative association between sensory aspects and the level of involvement. Therefore, it was concluded that it may not be advantageous to invest in sensory and symbolic aspects present in the product description in internet sales, it is necessary to rethink this strategy due the fact that this environment has a certain limitation with hedonics products.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHER HANDBOOKS AND REALISTIC MATHEMATICS STUDENTS BASIC SCHOOLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Dian Armanto ◽  
Edy Surya ◽  
Elvi Mailani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Elementary School Teacher ◽  
School Level ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Realistic Mathematics ◽  
Teachers And Students

The research aims to develop teacher and student handbooks for realistic mathematics lessons for elementary schools. The development of this handbook is based on the reality in the field where the handbook of teachers and students especially the subjects using the 2013 curriculum still do not exist, and in daily learning activities teachers and students still use books that use themes. This research uses development research (Developmental Research). The subjects of this study were grade V students of SD Negeri 163085, H.A Bilal Tebingtinggi City and SD Negeri 106162, Medan Estate District, Deliserdang Regency. In the initial stage, observations were made during the learning process at the two schools and continued with interviews with students and teachers. From the results of these observations and interviews a primary school realistic mathematics teacher and student handbook was prepared. Furthermore, the realistic elementary school mathematics teacher and student handbook is validated by a team that aims to see and assess the quality of the realistic elementary school teacher and student mathematics handbook in order to arrange an effective handbook that will be used by teachers and students in learning. The validation results show that realistic mathematics teacher and student handbooks are developed in both categories and can be used in teaching and learning. The media book test was conducted on grade V students of SD Negeri 163085 Tebingtinggi city and SD Negeri 106162 Medan Estate Deliserdang Regency. The trial results show that the elementary school teacher and student mathematics handbook is effective and can help facilitate understanding of mathematical concepts at the elementary school level. This can be seen from the number of students who can reach the KKM from the two schools is increasing. For SD Negeri 163085 HA Bilal, Tebingtinggi City, if at the time of the pre-test only 1 student (3%) was able to reach the KKM, then after being given the learning process using a teacher and student handbook developed the number of students who could reach the KKM increased to 24 students (82.7%) while those under the KKM were only (17.3%) or 5 students. The same thing was seen in SD Negeri 106162, Medanestate Subdistrict, Deliserdang Regency. If at the time of the Pre-test only 2 students (6.6%) had scored above the KKM, after the post-test there was an increase in students who achieved the KKM score of 25 students (83.3%). An increase of 76.7% when compared to the pre test. Keywords: Handbook, teacher, student, PMR

scholarly journals Cognitive Strategies for Teaching Reading in Primary School Teacher Training Curriculum in Vietnamese Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-709
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Van ◽  
Ly Tuan Phu ◽  
Dang Quynh Lien ◽  
Nguyen Pham Phuong Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary School Teacher ◽  
Training Curriculum ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of cognitive reading strategies in primary school teacher training curriculum. Designed under the paradigm of a quasi-experimental research with the participation of an experimental and a control group, the current study seeks to investigate the impact of cognitive strategies training on students’ reading comprehension. Findings from the study showed that cognitive strategies training incorporated into a primary school teacher training course could improve pre-service teachers’ reading performance. It is concluded that students need more time and practice so that they can use their new strategies automatically at the procedural stage.

Automated text analyses of YouTube comments as field experiments for assessing consumer sentiment towards products and brands

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Areni
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Consumer Sentiment ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose The purpose of this study is to show how non-random groupings of YouTube videos can be combined with automated text analysis (ATA) of user comments to conduct quasi-experiments on consumer sentiment towards different types of brands in a naturalistic setting. Design/methodology/approach NCapture extracted thousands of comments on multiple videos representing different experimental treatments and Leximancer revealed differences in the lexical patterns of user comments for different types of brands. Findings User comments consistently revealed hypothesized relationships between brand types, based on existing theory regarding motivations for nostalgia and the relationship between consumer preferences, online product ratings and purchases. These results demonstrate the viability of conducting quasi-experimental research in naturalistic settings via non-random groupings of YT videos and ATA of user comments. Research limitations/implications This research adopts a single quasi-experimental design: the non-equivalent group, after-only design. However, the same basic approach can be used with other quasi-experimental designs to examine different kinds of research questions. Originality/value Overall, this research points to the potential for ATA of comments on different categories of YT videos as a relatively straightforward approach for conducting field experiments that establish the ecological validity of laboratory findings. The method is easy to use and does not require the participation and cooperation of private, third party social media research companies.

Envisioning Change and Extending Library Reach for Impact in Underserved School Communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Michelle Kowalsky
Keyword(s):  
Latino Students ◽  
School Library ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
K 12

This project aimed to improve and promote the school libraries in a K-12 district which serves primarily African American and Latino students. Surveys about the libraries were distributed to each teacher, student, and parents. Students independently and overwhelmingly reported that they enjoyed the author visits, the new books, and the library research projects which utilized them. Reactions to this district-wide library initiative contributed to the students' positive reviews of these aspects of their school libraries in roughly equal parts; in other words, students don't only appreciate the ability to surf the internet. Students in this underserved population mentioned that their class research projects turned out better, that they were able to find more information in books and online via new library computers, and that they found exciting new materials to read. Students, teachers, and parents consistently reported that they felt more interested and more successful in library research after their school library was updated and its resources were promoted.

8. Experimental Research

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Internal And External Validity

This chapter explores the principles of experimental research design as well as the issues and problems associated with different aspects of the approach. In particular, it considers the issue of internal and external validity, the common obstacles associated with experimental research, and what can be done to try and avoid or minimize them. The chapter first describes the five steps involved in the classic version of the experimental design before discussing three types of experimental design: laboratory experiments, field experiments, and natural experiments. It also examines the ethical issues that arise from experimental research and concludes by highlighting some of the advantages of experimental research.

scholarly journals Enhancing L2 Learners’ Critical Thinking Skills Through a Connectivism-Based Intelligent Learning System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangping Chen ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The Rain Classroom, grounded in the theory of connectivism in the digital era, is a mobile-supported tool for blended learning. This tool renders synchronous and asynchronous teacher-student interactions through dual-channel teaching in and out of class. In the study, the Critical Thinking Skills Survey (CTSS) was adopted to measure the critical thinking skills (CTS) of 112 first-year undergraduates majoring in English in mainland China. A pretest-posttest non-equivalent two-group quasi-experimental design was applied to compare the CTS of those learners of English as a second language (L2) instructed under the Rain-Classroom-based intelligent learning system with those taught by the traditional lecture approach. The mixed results indicated that the intelligent learning system had a positive effect on students’ overall CTS development with significant improvement in the interpretation subscale but had almost no influence on the evaluation and self-regulation subscales. The intelligent learning approach in this study is empirically meaningful in students’ CTS enhancement, but further research is warranted to make this system more efficacious in facilitating L2 learners’ CTS.

scholarly journals The Micropolitics of Educational Inequality: The Case of Teacher–Student Assignments

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Grissom ◽  
Demetra Kalogrides ◽  
Susanna Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Teacher Student

Field Experiments and Natural Experiments

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Gerber ◽  
Donald P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Political Methodology ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
The Many

This article evaluates the strengths and limitations of field experimentation. It first defines field experimentation and describes the many forms that field experiments take. It also interprets the growth and development of field experimentation. It then discusses why experiments are valuable for causal inference. The assumptions of experimental and nonexperimental inference are distinguished, noting that the value accorded to observational research is often inflated by misleading reporting conventions. The article elaborates on the study of natural experiments and discontinuities as alternatives to both randomized interventions and conventional nonexperimental research. Finally, it outlines a list of methodological issues that arise commonly in connection with experimental design and analysis: the role of covariates, planned vs. unplanned comparisons, and extrapolation. It concludes by dealing with the ways in which field experimentation is reshaping the field of political methodology.

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