Forms and Ethics of Baloch Midwifery

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Fouzieyha Towghi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Iatrogenic Effects ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Everyday Resistance ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

In Pakistan, the rise of unnecessary uterotonic injections to induce childbirth, sometimes also resulting in hysterectomies, has women returning to dhīnabogs (Baloch midwives) to heal the iatrogenic effects of biomedical interventions; and reinforcing local assumptions about the benefits of Balochi dhawā/medicine, dhīnabogiri or midwifery, and homebirths. Drawing on ethnographic research in Balochistan the chapter traces how dhīnabogs’ work, ethical stances, and critical outlook concerning the iatrogenic effects of biomedical interventions are non-oppositional forms of everyday resistance. The protective role of dhīnabogiri is embedded in the intimate aspects of childbirth that profoundly structure the ethical relationship between the labouring woman and her dhīnabog. This relationship is defined not only by dhīnabogs’ concern for the well-being of mother and child, but also by their character and ethics, which are inscribed in the vernacular and social authorized praxis of dhīnabogs , kawwās (expert midwives) and balluk (granny midwives).

Increasing Resilience to Traumatic Stress: Understanding the Protective Role of Well-Being

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
J. Tory Toole ◽  
Mark A. Rice ◽  
Jordan Cargill ◽  
Travis J. A. Craddock ◽  
Barry Nierenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role

scholarly journals The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lockdown on Athletes’ Subjective Vitality: The Protective Role of Resilience and Autonomous Goal Motives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Martínez-González ◽  
Francisco L. Atienza ◽  
Inés Tomás ◽  
Joan L. Duda ◽  
Isabel Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subjective Vitality ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The lockdown resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a huge impact on peoples’ health. In sport specifically, athletes have had to deal with frustration of their objectives and changes in their usual training routines. The challenging and disruptive situation could hold implications for their well-being. This study examined the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on changes in athletes’ reported eudaimonic well-being (subjective vitality) and goal motives (autonomous and controlled) over time (i.e., pre-lockdown and during lockdown). The relationship of resilience to changes in subjective vitality was also determined, and changes in athletes’ goal motives were examined as potential mediators. Participants were 127 Spanish university athletes aged between 18 and 34 years (M = 21.14; SD = 2.77). Approximately 4 months before the start of the lockdown in Spain (T1), athletes responded to a questionnaire assessing their resilience, goal motives, and subjective vitality. Around 6 months later into the lockdown period (T2), athletes’ goal motives and subjective vitality were assessed again. Growth modeling using hierarchical linear models revealed a significant decrease of autonomous goal motives and subjective vitality during the lockdown, but athletes did not show change over time in controlled goal motives. Path analysis, adjusting T2 measures for their corresponding T1 measures, showed that resilience significantly predicted changes in athletes’ autonomous goal motives, which then accounted for changes in subjective vitality. The indirect effect was significant. Resilience did not predict changes in athletes’ controlled goal motives. However, changes in controlled goal motives negatively predicted changes in subjective vitality during lockdown. The findings suggest negative impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on athletes’ goal motives and eudaimonic well-being. Results also support the hypothesized mediational role of autonomous goal motives in the relationship between resilience and subjective vitality during the lockdown. As such, findings confirm the relevance of resilience to a key feature of athletes’ eudaimonic well-being and the importance of enhancing their autonomous goal striving.

scholarly journals Real-time individual benefit from social interactions before and during the lockdown: The crucial role of personality, neurobiology and genes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Monninger ◽  
Pascal M Aggensteiner ◽  
Tania M Pollok ◽  
Iris Reinhard ◽  
Alisha S.M. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Amygdala Volume

Background: Social integration is a major resilience factor for staying healthy. However, the COVID-19-pandemic led to unprecedented restrictions in social life. The consequences of these social lockdowns on momentary well-being are yet not fully understood. Method: We investigated the individual affective benefit from social interactions in a longitudinal birth cohort study. We used two real-time, real-life ecological momentary assessments once before and once during the initial lockdown of the pandemic (N~6800 total observations) to determine the protective role of social interactions on well-being. Moreover, we used a multimethod approach combining the ecological assessment data with individual risk and resilience factors to analyze the moderating mechanisms of personality, neurobiology and genes. Results: Social contacts were linked to higher positive affect both during normal times and during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the beneficial role of social embedding. Moreover, this relationship was moderated by amygdala volume, neuroticism and polygenic risk for schizophrenia. In detail, participants with a larger left amygdala volume and higher trait neuroticism exhibited an affective benefit from more social interactions prior to the pandemic. This pattern changed during the pandemic with participants with smaller amygdala volumes and lower neurotic traits showing a social affective gain during the pandemic. Moreover, participants with low genetic risk for schizophrenia showed an affective benefit from social interactions irrespective of the time point. Conclusion: Our results highlight the protective role of social integration on momentary well-being. Thereby, we offer new insights into how this relationship is differently affected by a person's neurobiology, personality, and genes under adverse circumstances.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Character Strengths in COVID-19 Stress and Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Conditions and Disabilities: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Emre Umucu ◽  
Timothy N. Tansey ◽  
Jessica Brooks ◽  
Beatrice Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Related Stress

Individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities, in response to stress associated with COVID-19, may experience a decrease in their overall well-being beyond that experienced by otherwise healthy individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to identify internal resources (e.g., character strengths) that can help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being in spite of COVID-19. This study explored the potential protective role of character strengths and virtues in moderating the negative effects of COVID-19 on stress and well-being. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants included 269 individuals with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. After controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, we examined whether character strengths and virtues acted as independent moderators between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. A higher degree of multiple character strengths significantly and independently moderated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and well-being. Findings suggested the importance of promoting more character strengths overall in people with chronic conditions and disabilities to help them better manage COVID-19-related stress and enhance well-being.

Supportive Climate and Its Protective Role in the Emotion Rule Dissonance – Emotional Exhaustion Relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Ortiz-Bonnín ◽  
M. Esther García-Buades ◽  
Amparo Caballer ◽  
Dieter Zapf
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Emotion Work ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Work Units

Abstract. Emotion work, or the requirement to display certain emotions during service interactions, may produce burnout when these emotions are not truly felt – emotion rule dissonance. Building on the support-buffering model we hypothesized that a supportive climate should provide emotional resources to employees protecting them against strain from emotion work. We tested this multilevel prediction in a sample of 317 front-line employees nested in 99 work units at large Spanish hotels and restaurants. Our results showed that supportive climate protects employees against experiencing emotional exhaustion (main effect) and attenuates the negative effects of emotion rule dissonance on emotional exhaustion (moderating effects). These results provide empirical evidence for the important role of supportive climate as a buffer between emotion work and well-being.

The role of proper maternal nutrition during pregnancy for caries prevention in both mother and child. Opinion of the working group of the Polish Alliance for a Cavity-Free Future on dental prophylaxis in pregnant women

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Chałas ◽  
Angelika Kobylińska ◽  
Magdalena Kukurba-Setkowicz ◽  
Anna Szulik ◽  
Elżbieta Pels
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Prophylaxis ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
In Pregnancy

Introduction. Proper nutrition in pregnancy has effects on the health and well-being of the mother as well as is a key factor responsible for foetal growth and development, which are initiated at conception and last throughout pregnancy. Aim. The aim of the paper was to present relevant data on the role of prenatal maternal nutrition for caries prevention in both mother and child. Material and methods. Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, guidelines of dental associations and World Health Organization were searched using the following keywords: “diet”, “dentition”, “pregnancy”, “oral health in pregnancy”. Results. The diet of a pregnant woman should be well-balanced and rich in proteins, calcium, phosphorus, fluorine and vitamins (A, C and D). Women should avoid sneaks between meals or at night to avoid dental plaque accumulation and oral pH decrease. Balanced nutrition influences the development of future nutritional habits of the child as taste receptors begin to develop already at month 4 of pregnancy. High maternal consumption of confectionery in this period may in the future increase the child’s tendency to consume sweet food products. Conclusions. There is a need to intensify dental prophylaxis among pregnant women through introduction and promotion of proper nutrition in dental offices, up-dating teaching programs for dental hygienists and education in birth schools.

Well-Being and the Pandemic: Trust in People Matters More Than Trust in Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110616
Author(s):  
Veljko Jovanović ◽  
Francesco Sarracino ◽  
Milica Lazić ◽  
Vesna Gavrilov-Jerković
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Trust is an important correlate of well-being, and it plays an important moderating role against adversity. But does this conclusion also hold during pandemics? We address this question by investigating the role of interpersonal and institutional trust for well-being, as measured by five proxies, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia. We also examined age and gender differences in the relationship between trust and well-being, and tested the protective role of trust among individuals whose well-being might be at risk during the pandemic. The sample included a total of 5776 Serbian adults ( Mage = 37.00 years, 75% female). The results showed that interpersonal trust has a small but significant relationship with well-being, whereas institutional trust has negligible effects. We also found some evidence for the protective role of general interpersonal trust on well-being among individuals with poorer self-rated health and in a poorer financial situation. Our findings confirm the role of interpersonal trust for well-being in times of crisis, and support previous evidence indicating that promoting interpersonal trust should be a core goal of public policy.

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