Garrett on Hume’s Notion of a True Religion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fogelin
Keyword(s):  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
The Universe

Don Garrett explains what Hume means by “true religion,” a doctrine, enunciated by Philo, that Hume regarded as true in an epistemic sense, not evaluative. Philo’s concluding assessment of the argument from design is transparently epistemic: “The cause or causes of order in the universe probably bear some remote analogy to human intelligence.” The level of probability may be low, the content ambiguous, but it is a genuine probabilistic assessment with some evidential and analogical support. We are left with an anemic deity no theist would find acceptable.

INTERPRETATION OF SPACE AND TIME IN ONTOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY NAVOI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Toji Omonovich Norov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Holy Book

The universe, the space that make up their basis planets in it, their creation, the main essence of their creation, form, composition, meaning, movements, interactions, their influence on human life and activities, the role of man in the universe and in life on Earth, life, the criteria of activity and processes occurring in time and space have long been of interest to humanity. One of the main problems in the history of philosophy is the question of space and time. This problem was defined in different ways in the great schools of thought by thinkers of different periods. One of these great thinkers is Alisher Navoi. Navoi's works, along with other socio-philosophical themes, uniquely express and analyze the problems of the firmament and time. Its main feature is that it is based on the divine (pantheistic) religion, Islam, its holy book, the Koran and other theological sources, as well as on the secrets of nature and the Universe, the main miracle of Allah - human intelligence, the power of enlightenment, they are the key revealing all these secrets.

The heavens are declaring the glory of God: Contemporary teleological arguments

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
John M. DePoe
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Teleological Argument ◽  
Christian Apologetics ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
The Universe

This article presents an overview of various formations of contemporary teleological arguments with a brief historical background. The fine-tuning argument and three of its most well-known objections are considered first. Next, the argument from design based on the origins of life is presented. The third teleological argument is based on the temporal order of the universe. The final section of the article considers and responds to well-known objections commonly raised against design arguments. The conclusion is that the contemporary versions of the teleological argument have a positive role to play in Christian apologetics despite some of their limitations.

Part Five

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fogelin
Keyword(s):  
Human Intelligence ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Philo continues to subject Cleanthes’ machine-analogy arguments to Pyrrhonist challenges, and anticipates Cleanthes’ (Part 12) summary view that the origin of the universe “may bear some remote analogy to human intelligence.”

Hume's Logical Objection to the Argument From Design Based on the Uniqueness of the Universe

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Dennis Temple
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Robert Boyle ◽  
Simple Version ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
The Universe

Arguments from design in Hume's day were often cast as arguments from analogy. For instance, a very simple version might read like this: ‘The universe resembles a machine; machines are the products of intelligent design; therefore, the universe is (probably) the product of intelligent design.’ Design arguments (usually of a more sophisticated sort) were put forward by some of the greatest scientists of the time, including Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton. Such arguments were generally thought to be on a par with the conclusions of physics: Hume raised a number of well-known objections to such design arguments. I am going to discuss one of these objections, the claim that the uniqueness of the universe is, in itself, a bar to our drawing any conclusion about its cause or origin. This objection is raised by Hume at the end of ‘Of a Particular Providence’ and in Part II of the Dialogues.

scholarly journals LA INTELIGENCIA HUMANA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA TRANSDISCIPLINARIA (Segunda Parte)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yunieski Cabrera Carrazana ◽  
Fidel Martínez Álvarez ◽  
Maritza Cuenca Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
High Education ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Disciplinary Perspective ◽  
The Universe

Para la adquirir una visión integradora sobre cualquier objeto de investigación es preciso utilizar y articular los más diversos enfoques y referentes, así como construir, colectivamente, un lenguaje común que proporcione una perspectiva global que revele los patrones y tendencias generales de las infinitas interrelaciones entre las diferentes disciplinas y saberes que participan en la consecuente comprensión de dicho objeto. Por tanto, en el presente artículo se continúa  la  reinterpretación  y  sistematización  de  las  ideas,  principios  y nociones sobre la inteligencia humana, que se había iniciado en el artículo anterior, mediante los enfoques: biológico, neuro-fisiológico, lógico-filosófico y del arte militar, todo lo cual permitió adquirir una comprensión mucho más amplia  de  esta  emergente  propiedad  del  universo.  En  consecuencia,  es menester en esta segunda parte intentar completar el transdisciplinario estudio mediante el desarrollo de los enfoques psico-pedagógicos, organizacionales y sociológicos de la inteligencia humana, como vía para contribuir a la actualización del conocimiento de los profesionales de la educación superior en las diferentes esferas de su desempeño académico y personal. PALABRAS CLAVE: inteligencia humana; inteligencias múltiples; inteligencia emocional; inteligencia colectiva; pensamiento divergente; perspectiva transdisciplinaria. ABSTRACT To acquire an integrative vision about any object of investigation it is precise utilize and articulating the more various focuses and referent, as well as constructing, collectively, a common language that provide a global perspective that reveal the patterns and general tendencies of the infinite interrelations between the different disciplines and knowledges, that take part in the consequent understanding of the aforementioned object. Therefore, in the present article are continued a re-interpretation and systematization of the ideas, principles and slight knowledge on the human intelligence, which had been initiated in the previous article, with the focuses: biological, neuro- physiological, logic-philosophical and military art, all which it allowed acquiring a much ampler understanding of this emerging property of the universe. In consequence, it is necessity in this second part to attempt to complete the intervening trans-disciplinary study the development of the psycho-pedagogical, organizational and sociological focuses of the human intelligence like road, to contribute to the bringing up to date of the knowledge of the professionals of the high education in his personal and academic performances. KEYWORDS: human intelligence; multiple intelligences; emotional intelligence; collective intelligence; divergent thought; trans-disciplinary perspective.

The Uses of Natural Theology in Seventeenth-Century England

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Mandelbrote
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Robert Boyle ◽  
Divine Power ◽  
John Wilkins ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
Spiritual Phenomena ◽  
The Universe

ArgumentThis essay describes two styles of natural theology that emerged in England out of a debate over the correct interpretation of divine evidences in nature during the seventeenth century. The first style was exemplified in the work of John Wilkins and Robert Boyle. It stressed the lawful operation of the universe under a providential order. The second, embodied in the writings of the Cambridge Platonists, was more open to evidence for the wondrousness of nature provided by the marvelous and by spiritual phenomena. Initially appearing to be alternative and complementary arguments for orthodoxy, these two approaches to natural theology underwent different transformations during the ensuing decades. In the process, a natural theology predicated on the intellectual demonstration of divine power through the argument from design came to predominate over alternative strategies that placed greater emphasis on the wondrousness of nature.

The Argument From Design: Some Better Reasons for Agreeing with Hume

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Doore
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Inductive Proof ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Teleological Argument ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
Analogical Argument ◽  
Weak Claim ◽  
The Universe

I. The argument from design or ‘teleological argument’ purports to be an inductive proof for the existence of God, proceeding from the evidence of the order exhibited by natural phenomena to the probable conclusion of a rational agent responsible for producing that order. The argument was severely criticized by David Hume in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, and it was widely conceded that Hume's objections had cast serious doubt on the adequacy of the teleological argument, if not destroyed its credibility entirely. However, there has been a recent reappraisal of this claim by R. G. Swinburne, who maintains that none of Hume's criticisms have any validity against a ‘carefully articulated version of the argument’. Using an analogical argument based on temporal regularities rather than on spatial regularities (or arrangement of parts), Swinburne claims to have shown that the teleological argument is a legitimate inference to the best explanation whose force depends only on the strength of the analogy and on the degree to which the resulting theory makes explanation of empirical matters simpler and more coherent. Moreover, he claims to have shown that the argument provides support for the Christian monotheistic hypothesis and not merely for the weak claim that the universe was designed (somehow). This is an important claim since it has long been thought that Hume's most devastating blow was dealt when he showed that the teleological argument (if it is admitted to have any force at all) provides just as much support for the negation of certain propositions considered essential to Christian monotheism as it does for their affirmation.

Historicidad y pseudo-historicidad del universo: un análisis del concepto de simultaneidad”/“Historicity and Pseudo-Historicity of the Universe: an Analysis of the Concept of Simultaneity

2017 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
José Carlos Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Big History ◽  
The Prestige

This article examines in a critical way the assumption that underpins the new historiographical trend of the Big History or Deep History, that is, the construction of a narrative that, comprising from the alleged supreme historical event of the Big Bang to the birth of human intelligence, makes use of a theory of everything, the so-called Consilience. Facing this conventional image, prevailing because of the prestige of science, the author holds that this vision is no more than the result of a constructed historical narrative which stems from the overlap of a traditional time narrative to some equations only partially valid which are neither completely developed nor proved by the experimental facts.Key WordsBig History, Consilience, simultaneity, relativistic mechanics, narrative time.ResumenEl presente artículo examina de modo crítico el supuesto en el que se apoya las nueva corriente historiográfica de la Big History o Deep History, esto es, la construcción de un relato, que abarca desde el supuesto acontecimiento histórico primordial del Big Bang hasta al nacimiento de la inteligencia humana, y que se sirve de una teoría del todo, la llamada Consilience. Frente a esta imagen convencional, que se impone gracias al prestigio de la ciencia, el autor sostiene que dicha visión es más más bien el producto de un relato histórico construido que procede, a su vez, de la superposición de un tiempo narrativo tradicional a unas ecuaciones que sólo son parcialmente válidas y no están plenamente desarrolladas ni comprobadas con hechos experimentales.Palabras claveBig History, Consilience, simultaneidad, mecánica relativista, tiempo narrativo

Divine Action, Design, and Natural Theology

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
William J. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Natural Theology ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Spatial Order ◽  
Divine Agency ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Theology Proper

This chapter reviews the debate about intelligent design as it emerged within biology. Then it treats the argument from design as represented by various features of the universe, like temporal and spatial order. The chapter argues that divine agency and divine action inform this debate by highlighting the identity of the agent who is the designer, by exposing how far one can specify the intentions and purposes of God in arguments from design, and by bringing to light two radically different ways of construing the place of natural theology in theology proper. It suggests further work is needed on this issue.

Part Twelve

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Fogelin
Keyword(s):  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Dialectical Structure ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Strong Attraction ◽  
The Universe

Part 12 is bracketed by two problematic passages: Philo expresses extravagant religious commitments, and he declares that “to be a philosophical Sceptic is, in a man of letters, the first and most essential step toward being a sound believing Christian.” The dialectical structure of the Dialogues reflects that in the Treatise and the Enquiry. Hume recognizes the strong attraction of abstruse philosophy and thus the importance of taking precautions against it. When Philo recommends a brand of philosophical skepticism, it is the mitigated skepticism in the closing of the Enquiry. His closing adoration of a divine being is not the product of reasoning at all. It is, when it occurs, irresistible—Cleanthes’ irregular argument. Cleanthes’ “cause of order in the universe” is reduced to an anemic “having some remote analogy to human intelligence.” “Who Speaks for Hume?” is answered with assurance: Cleanthes and Philo do, and sometimes even Demea.

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