Russian Soft and Sharp Power Resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-232
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Release Of Information ◽  
Hearts And Minds

Beyond its reformed and upgraded traditional military capabilities, Russia under Vladimir Putin’s regime has also developed some new abilities and redeployed some old Soviet-era techniques to battle the West for global hearts and minds. In one sense they are forms of soft power as understood by Joseph Nye. These are power assets like the use of social media to promote Russian interests, traditional media, cultural centers, and goodwill emergency aid, but distinct from the way Nye defines the term as a passive pull toward the goals of a particular country’s preferences, Russian policymakers have used soft power to in a sense “wage friendship.” That is, they employ soft power resources as part of their foreign policy toolkit to further state interests. This chapter also looks at what has become known as “sharp” power—which includes cyber means to shape information environments in Russia’s favor. Various aspects of Russian sharp power include cyber theft and release of information, planting false stories and using fake social media accounts to launder and amplify a message, as well as purchasing Facebook and Twitter ads to further preferred candidates in foreign elections. The chapter includes a discussion of Russian use of sharp power capabilities in the US presidential election in 2016, as well as elsewhere.

scholarly journals Fan geographies and engagement between geopolitics of Brexit, Donald Trump, and Doctor Who on social media

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Carilyn Gunderman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Us ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The 2016 Brexit decision and Donald Trump's election to the US presidency that same year led to a wide variety of social media activity, ranging from visceral anger to unadulterated jubilation. How members of particular fandoms choose to express their emotions regarding a geopolitical event can be filtered through the lens of their fannish enthusiasm. Analysis of Doctor Who-influenced geopolitical engagement on Facebook that uses case studies of both Brexit and Donald Trump's election and 2017 inauguration shows that fans used Doctor Who to cope with emotionally taxing geopolitical events and expressed their anguish through the lens of selected Doctor Who plotlines. This use of social media permits fans to shape a new geopolitical landscape within which they can grapple with their political surroundings as influenced by their fandom.

How Twitter drives the global news agenda: Tweets from Brazil, Russia, India, China, the UK and US and online discourse about the 2016 US presidential election

2021 ◽  
pp. 174276652110399
Author(s):  
Jane O’Boyle ◽  
Carol J Pardun
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Online Discourse ◽  
Political Communications ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
The Uk ◽  
India And China

A manual content analysis compares 6019 Twitter comments from six countries during the 2016 US presidential election. Twitter comments were positive about Trump and negative about Clinton in Russia, the US and also in India and China. In the UK and Brazil, Twitter comments were largely negative about both candidates. Twitter sources for Clinton comments were more frequently from journalists and news companies, and still more negative than positive in tone. Topics on Twitter varied from those in mainstream news media. This foundational study expands communications research on social media, as well as political communications and international distinctions.

The Internet and Access to Information about Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 228-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dutton ◽  
Bianca C. Reisdorf ◽  
Grant Blank ◽  
Elizabeth Dubois ◽  
Laleah Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Us ◽  
Echo Chamber ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Filter Bubble ◽  
Filter Bubbles

Concern over filter bubbles, echo chambers, and misinformation on the Internet are not new. However, as noted by Howard and Bradshaw (Chapter 12), events around the 2016 US presidential election and the UK’s Brexit referendum brought these concerns up again to near-panic levels, raising questions about the political implications of the algorithms that drive search engines and social media. To address these issues, the authors conducted an extensive survey of Internet users in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the US, asking respondents how they use search, social media, and other media for getting information about politics, and what difference these media have made for them. Their findings demonstrate that search is one among many media gateways and outlets deployed by those interested in politics, and that Internet users with an interest in politics and search skills are unlikely to be trapped in a filter bubble, or cocooned in a political echo chamber.

The Promotion and Placement of Scholarly Journals

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-95
Author(s):  
Albert N. Greco
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Direct Mail ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Article Processing Charges ◽  
Open Access Article

Since at least the 1980s, there have been significant changes in the marketing of scholarly journals utilized by the majority of scholarly publishers. This shift meant that traditional advertising (which was very effective for many decades) and direct mail pieces (which were rather ineffective because of 1.5% to 2.0% response rates) were de-emphasized but not eliminated completely. They were supplanted somewhat by the growing use of social media and emails. This chapter provides an overview of print and digital journal distribution strategies, procedures, and platforms. Attention is paid to the US and global journal markets and subscriptions, including data on library expenditures. A sample journal’s contract with an author is presented and analyzed. There is a discussion of Sci-Hub, open access, article processing charges, the development of Plan S and Plan U, and research funding policies.

Glocalization of Subway in India: How a US Giant Has Adapted in the Asian Subcontinent

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demi Simi ◽  
Jonathan Matusitz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Fast Food Restaurant ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The Us ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
And Function

This paper examines how Subway, the US fast food restaurant franchise, has adapted to Indian culture. Glocalization theory will be the guiding framework used in this analysis. Glocalization rests on the premise that a universal concept must change to fit and function in a local culture. Blending the local and the global, it provides a passage to empowerment where modifications to a particular commodity can make it prosper in various traditions. Four important themes of glocalization emerged from this analysis: (1) adjustment of restaurant ambience; (2) adoption of Jain values; (3) adjustment of advertising practices; and (4) adjustment of the use of social media. An important conclusion is that, although India is embracing modernity, Subway has honoured many religious and cultural views in that nation.

scholarly journals E-Electioneering 2007–13: Trends in Online Political Campaigns over Three Elections

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Macnamara ◽  
Gail Kenning
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Democratic Engagement ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

Following the 2004 US presidential election campaign, which was described as ‘a critical turning point’ in use of social media, and particularly the 2008 Obama campaign, there has been increasing focus on use of social media for political campaigning and what is termed e-electioneering and e-democracy. However, studies of election campaigns between 2010 and 2012 in a number of countries have identified what Steve Woolgar (2002) calls cyberbole in relation to social media for political engagement. With substantive patterns of change in political communication yet to be identified, a quantitative and qualitative study of social media use in the 2013 Australian federal election campaign was conducted using the same methodology as studies of the 2007 and 2010 campaigns to gain comparative longitudinal data. This identified trends in the volume of e-electioneering and the ways in which social media are being used for political communication and democratic engagement.

scholarly journals EU Armed Forces’ Use of Social Media in Areas of Deployment

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Hellman ◽  
Eva-Karin Olsson ◽  
Charlotte Wagnsson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Media Strategy

The advent of social media can be seen both as a risk and an opportunity by armed forces. Previous research has primarily examined whether or not the use of social media endangers or strengthens armed forces’ strategic narrative. We examine armed forces’ perceptions of risks and opportunities on a broad basis, with a particular focus on areas of deployment. The article is based on a survey of perceptions of social media amongst the armed forces of EU member states, thus adding to previous research through its comparative perspective. Whereas previous research has mainly focused on larger powers, such as the US and the UK, this article includes the views of the armed forces of 26 EU states, including several smaller nations. In analyzing the results we asked whether or not risk and opportunity perceptions were related to national ICT maturity and the existence of a social media strategy. The analysis shows that perceptions of opportunities outweigh perceptions of risks, with marketing and two-way communication as the two most prominent opportunities offered by the use of social media. Also, armed forces in countries with a moderate to high ICT maturity emphasize social media as a good way for marketing purposes.

Tweeting for Hearts and Minds? Measuring Candidates’ Use of Anxiety in Tweets During the 2018 Midterm Elections

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-656
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Gervais ◽  
Heather K. Evans ◽  
Annelise Russell
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Midterm Elections ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTThis article considers whether candidates strategically use emotional rhetoric in social media messages similar to the way that fear appeals are used strategically in televised campaign advertisements. We use a dataset of tweets issued by the campaign accounts of candidates for the US House of Representatives during the last two months of the 2018 midterm elections to determine whether candidate vulnerability predicts the presence of certain emotions in social media messages. Contrary to theoretical expectations, we find that vulnerability does not appear to inspire candidates to use more anxious language in their tweets. However, we do find evidence of a surprising relationship between sad rhetoric and vulnerability and that campaign context influences the use of other forms of negative rhetoric in tweets.

The use of social media in US healthcare and its facilitators and barriers: Systematic literature review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaneil Tanna ◽  
Susana Luengo Cubillo ◽  
Rosie Bhogal ◽  
Sonika Sethi ◽  
Nishma Gokani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Use Of Social Media

BACKGROUND With the advent of internet-based communications, face-to-face interactions are becoming increasingly uncommon and inconvenient, including those between the doctor and the patient. Social media (SM) has been recognized as a tool that could potentially help nourish and expand relationships in healthcare; however, much remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE A systematic literature Review (SLR) was conducted to explore the use of SM in the United States (US) healthcare setting, and the characteristics of its use, including barriers and facilitators. METHODS A SLR was conducted using three peer-reviewed databases; PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE. EBSCOhost database was included to gain a deeper understanding of companies’ use of SM and any lessons that can be learnt and applied to the healthcare setting. RESULTS Over the last decade there has been a rapid shift in the US towards the uptake of SM technologies, with many hospitals now using platforms such as Twitter and Facebook for communication, health promotion, education and research. SM can also present a competitive and financial advantage to increase a hospital’s reputation and reduce costs. However, despite its many proven or apparent uses, SM also brings with it many challenges, such as ethical considerations, need for clear guidelines and evaluation, perceptions and attitudes of patients and staff, and the possibility of mismatched offer versus patients’ needs. CONCLUSIONS The future of SM lies first of all in developing sound practices, and in its integration into the hospitals’ overall communication strategies, as well as expanding the number of uses and stakeholders involved.

scholarly journals Winning on Social Media: Candidate Social-Mediated Communication and Voting During the 2016 US Presidential Election

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511982613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Macafee ◽  
Bryan McLaughlin ◽  
Nathian Shae Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Opposing Party ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Voting Intentions

The 2016 US Presidential Election provided an opportunity to examine how political candidates’ use of social media can affect voting intentions. This study considers how political candidates can use social media to increase potential supporters’ perceptions that they will win the election, providing them extra motivation to go out and vote. Results from a two-wave survey provide evidence that following the in-group candidate (Trump or Clinton) relates to voting intentions through the increased belief that the candidate would win. However, this mediation effect occurs for only supporters of Trump or Clinton, but not for partisans of the opposing party.

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