Technology as Teacher

2019 ◽  
pp. 139-166
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Brink ◽  
Henry M. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Smart Technology ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Children's Beliefs

Robots are increasingly a part of children’s lives—teaching in classrooms, comforting children in hospitals, and playing in their homes. This chapter reviews literature on children’s understanding and trust of robots, including the authors’ own emerging research addressing these topics empirically. It demonstrates that children’s understanding of the abilities and behaviors of robots affects whether children like and are willing to learn from robots. The chapter emphasizes that children’s beliefs about the psychological, social, and perceptual abilities of robots change with age and differentially impact children’s feelings toward and their willingness to learn from them. Empirical research addressing these issues is in its infancy, so the chapter concludes with suggestions for still more programmatic research on the questions of how children learn from, and how they come to understand smart technology—computers, smartphones, and especially humanoid robots.

Ethical Leadership Styles of Future Managers in Central and Eastern European Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 892-911
Author(s):  
Anna Remišová ◽  
Anna Lašáková
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Eastern European Countries

There is a limited understanding what the constituent elements of the ethical leadership are. Although various researchers defined ethical leadership as a specific leadership style, with typical personality traits and behaviors, the precise instantiation of the content of ethical leadership was only seldom investigated. The body of empirical research on ethical leadership is only slowly beginning to build up. Furthermore, the ethical leadership in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE countries) is permanently an under-researched issue. This article focuses on the interdisciplinary perspective in regard to the empirical research of ethical traits and behaviors of leaders and the level of preference of respective leadership attributes. First, selected influential theoretical considerations of the issue of ethical leadership are being discussed. In the application part of this article, particular ethical leadership personality traits and behaviors are being identified through the qualitative-quantitative research lens. Next, four ethical leadership styles within the cluster of five CEE countries, namely Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia are specified. Cross-country variations are a matter of concern, too. In the Slovak – CEE countries comparison significant differences concerning the level of preference of ethical leadership styles are indicated. Impact of various demographic predictors on the level of preference of ethical leadership is researched, too.

PRIMATE ANATOMY, KINEMATICS, AND PRINCIPLES FOR HUMANOID DESIGN

2004 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 175-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT O. AMBROSE ◽  
CATHERINE G. AMBROSE
Keyword(s):  
Primate Evolution ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mobile Manipulation ◽  
Dexterous Manipulation ◽  
Workspace Analysis ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
Manipulation Robots ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Primate Anatomy

The primate order of animals is investigated for clues in the design of humanoid robots. The pursuit is directed with a theory that kinematics, musculature, perception, and cognition can be optimized for specific tasks by varying the proportions of limbs, and in particular, the points of branching in kinematic trees such as the primate skeleton. Called the Bifurcated Chain Hypothesis, the theory is that the branching proportions found in humans may be superior to other animals and primates for the tasks of dexterous manipulation and other human specialties. The primate taxa are defined, contemporary primate evolution hypotheses are critiqued, and variations within the order are noted. The kinematic branching points of the torso, limbs and fingers are studied for differences in proportions across the order, and associated with family and genus capabilities and behaviors. The human configuration of a long waist, long neck, and short arms is graded using a kinematic workspace analysis and a set of design axioms for mobile manipulation robots. It scores well. The re-emergence of the human waist, seen in early prosimians and monkeys for arboreal balance, but lost in the terrestrial pongidae, is postulated as benefiting human dexterity. The human combination of an articulated waist and neck will be shown to enable the use of smaller arms, achieving greater regions of workspace dexterity than the larger limbs of gorillas and other hominoidea.

Behavior of Hospital Mid-Level Managers in Budgeting Implementation - an Empirical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Cygańska ◽  
Zbigniew Marcinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Change Implementation ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Management Changes

This study examines the introduction of management changes in a hospital based on the Lewin's model. It focuses on the attitudes of a hospital's mid-level managers to a new management-budgeting system. The conclusions are based on empirical research. The article analyzes the change implementation process related to the budgeting system in a hospital with particular consideration of the attitudes and the level of involvement of employees in the performance of new tasks. The analysis showed that the top management of hospitals and the mid-level management do not see the effects of changes related to budgeting in similar ways. This may cause significant hindrances to the process of employees adopting attitudes and behaviors required by the top management. The diversity of opinions in this area may result from: not specifying in detail the targets of budgeting by the top management or not informing the medium-level management of them, a lack of set measures for evaluation of the performance of budget tasks, aiming at achievement of the assumed targets by means of methods not accepted by the employees.

Ethical Leadership Styles of Future Managers in Central and Eastern European Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Anna Remišová ◽  
Anna Lašáková
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Eastern European Countries

There is a limited understanding what the constituent elements of the ethical leadership are. Although various researchers defined ethical leadership as a specific leadership style, with typical personality traits and behaviors, the precise instantiation of the content of ethical leadership was only seldom investigated. The body of empirical research on ethical leadership is only slowly beginning to build up. Furthermore, the ethical leadership in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE countries) is permanently an under-researched issue. This article focuses on the interdisciplinary perspective in regard to the empirical research of ethical traits and behaviors of leaders and the level of preference of respective leadership attributes. First, selected influential theoretical considerations of the issue of ethical leadership are being discussed. In the application part of this article, particular ethical leadership personality traits and behaviors are being identified through the qualitative-quantitative research lens. Next, four ethical leadership styles within the cluster of five CEE countries, namely Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia are specified. Cross-country variations are a matter of concern, too. In the Slovak – CEE countries comparison significant differences concerning the level of preference of ethical leadership styles are indicated. Impact of various demographic predictors on the level of preference of ethical leadership is researched, too.

Modeling humanoid robots facial expressions using Pythagorean fuzzy sets

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6507-6515
Author(s):  
Cengiz Kahraman ◽  
Eda Boltürk ◽  
Sezi Cevik Onar ◽  
Basar Oztaysi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Human Emotions ◽  
And Behaviors

Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFS) are an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets introduced by Atanassov [1]. PFSs have the advantage of providing larger domains for assigning membership and non-membership degrees satisfying that their squared sum is at most equal to one. PFS have been often used in modeling the problems under vagueness and impreciseness in order to better define the problems together with the hesitancy of decision makers. Different human emotions and behaviors can be modeled in humanoid robots (HR) by fuzzy sets. In this paper, facial expressions of a humanoid robot are modeled depending on the degrees of the emotions. Larger degree of emotion causes a stronger indicator of the facial mimic.

Innocence Lost

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-273
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Walsh ◽  
Jessie L. Krienert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Offender Characteristics ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
K 12

The sexual abuse of students in grades K-12 by educators/school personnel is an understudied phenomenon in society. The present chapter explores and describes the extant empirical research on students sexually victimized by educators with an emphasis on offense prevalence, victim characteristics and behaviors, offender characteristics and behaviors, contextual incident characteristics, initiatives to address the problem, and shortcomings that impede awareness and knowledge. Shortcomings include a lack of national-level data collection, perception and delegitimization, transferring alleged offenders to other school systems, and reporting practices. This chapter provides readers with contemporary information on the scope and scale of educator sexual abuse through the description of these invisible victims, their offenders, and incident characteristics of the offense.

scholarly journals Wewnątrzorganizacyjne uwarunkowania zaufania w przedsiębiorstwie w świetle badań nad pozytywnym potencjałem organizacji

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Józefowicz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Delphi Panel ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Organizational Antecedents

The desired state of trust in company is a strong and common belief of the credibility and mutual benevolence among employees and management. In effect, attitudes, decisions and behaviors are accepted. The aim of the paper is to identify antecedents of trust in company and assess how strong each of 89 identified antecedents influences on trust us the key areas of Positive Organizational Potential. The comparative analyses is based on the empirical research findings of two methods: questionnaire survey conducted in companies operating in Poland and a Delphi panel. Analyses shows slight discrepancies between the experts opinions and the companies survey results. Generally, groups of intra-organizational antecedents related to leadership and communication are the strongest impact on trust. However, in each category managers can find important particular determinants which indicate the ways to building trust in company.

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