Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

Accelerating Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Ecological Event ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

Emancipation proved to be a far-reaching ecological event. Whereas the ecological regime of slavery had reinforced extensive land-use practices, the end of slavery weakened them. Freedpeople dedicated less time to erosion control and ditching and used contract negotiations and sharecropping arrangements to avoid working in a centrally directed gang. Understandably, freedpeople preferred to direct their own labor on an individual plot of land. The eventual proliferation of share-based or tenant contracts encouraged the physical reorganization of plantations. The combination of these two progressive alterations to labor relations tragically undermined African Americans’ efforts to achieve economic independence by tightening natural limits on cotton production and reducing blacks’ access to the South’s internal provisioning economy. The cessation, or even reduced frequency, of land maintenance on farms exacerbated erosion, flooding, and crops’ susceptibility to drought.

Forcing Germany's renewable energy targets by increased energy crop production: A challenge for regulation to secure sustainable land use practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 296-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Lupp ◽  
Reimund Steinhäußer ◽  
Anja Starick ◽  
Moritz Gies ◽  
Olaf Bastian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Land Use Practices

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of production of herbal granules

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Vitalii Kovalenko ◽  
Taras Hutsol ◽  
Nataliia Kovalenko ◽  
Michal Zasada
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Cost

Improving production efficiency, increasing gross and marketable output is inextricably linked to comprehensive intensification, that is, with the growth of additional investments in the development of agricultural production. The increase in capital investments is the basis for strengthening and improving the material and technical base, and for implementing scientific and technological progress. Increasing the intensity of agriculture and animal husbandry contributes to more efficient use of land and livestock, increasing crop yields and livestock productivity. The main link between crop production and animal husbandry is feed production. Creating a solid feed base is the most important condition for the development of animal husbandry. Its state and level of development determine the possibility of increasing the number of animals, increasing their productivity, improving the quality of products and reducing the cost of the latter. It is proved that the level of productivity of animals by 50-80% is determined by their feeding. Due to the importance of feed, it is necessary that their production is ahead of the pace of needs (growth of livestock and its productivity). When forming a feed base, it is important to take into account not only the total volume of feed that will ensure the production of a certain amount of products, but also their balance with nutrients. As a rule, feed, namely green feed, silage, haylage, is not a commodity product, that is, there are no permanent markets for them. These types of feed are grown by those farms that are engaged in animal husbandry and must create their own raw material base for obtaining the main feed.

scholarly journals Budget support for technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Sas ◽  
Petro Matkovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research budget support areas for logistical support of technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises. Methodology of research. The methods of generalization, systematization, analysis, abstraction are used in the process of research to determine the directions of budget support for technological updating of production and modernization of activities of agricultural enterprises in the context of budget programs. The scientific base of scientific research was composed of scientific works of domestic scientists-economists and legislative and regulatory documents on budget support for the agricultural sector of the economy. Findings. The necessity of state support of technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. Areas of budget support for material and technical support for technological upgrading of production and modernization of agricultural enterprises are identified and analyzed, in particular within budget programs for: partial reimbursement to the economic entities of the cost of construction and reconstruction of livestock farms and complexes and enterprises for the production of compound feed; budget livestock subsidies and state support for crop production; state support for animal husbandry; providing financial support to agribusiness entities through the mechanism of cheaper loans and offsetting of lease payments; financial support (development) of farms; partial compensation for the cost of sophisticated agricultural machinery of domestic production; partial reimbursement of the cost of construction of new greenhouse complexes; financial support for activities in the agro-industrial complex. Originality. The role of budgetary programs on technological updating of production and modernization of activity of agricultural enterprises are defined, analyzed and substantiated. Practical value. The obtained results of the study can be used to organize the process of technological updating of production and modernization of agricultural enterprises. Key words: technological modernization of production; modernization; agricultural enterprises; state support; budget programs.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Water Use in Global Crop Production: Hotspots and Trade-Offs with Land Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 5761-5768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Pfister ◽  
Peter Bayer ◽  
Annette Koehler ◽  
Stefanie Hellweg
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF THE STOCK-RAISING TERRITORY ON THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF STAVROPOL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-106
Author(s):  
Elena V. Pismennaya ◽  
Vladimir A. Stukalo ◽  
Elena А. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Grassland Production ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Cost

The leading sector of the South of Russia is crop production and livestock-raising with a relatively high risk. Animal husbandry in the region is facing a crisis; the structure and size of herds have sharply decreased. The cost of livestock products and the gap in the rate of its growth are constantly growing. There were problems with fodders and their structural and nutritional imbalance. There is a shortage of meat and dairy products. The volume of gross production for the period from 2005 to 2013 is provided by domestic and foreign meat imports which increased 3-fold. Methods. An analytical study on the state of animal husbandry is conducted on the basis of reports and statistical materials. The system "natural resource potential – industry sector" is described. Analysis of the current state of the industry is aimed at determining the methods of making decisions on land use management on the example of the structural and functional model of development of the agricultural enterprises. Results. At the present time, conditions arise when it is necessary to shift to a new scientifically grounded structural and functional model of the spatial organization of the enterprises. This will allow implementing the strategy of ecoadaptive intensification of grassland production, since the value of cultivated pastures is determined by high proportion of forage grasses in the feed balance and their huge ecological function. Conclusion. This structural and functional approach is based on the consolidation of the territory of agrarian enterprises and the phased subsequent replacement of biological species with different life cycle duration. In this case, the result is the rapid achievement of the maximum productivity of species with low competitive ability which will lead to short payback period.

Water balance comparison of two small experimental basins with different vegetation cover

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pekárová ◽  
Pavol Miklánek ◽  
Milan Onderka ◽  
Silvia Kohnová
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Land Use Practices

AbstractIn a river, the flow directly affects the physical and chemical properties of its water, with further consequences for aquatic biota. Land use practices and vegetation cover play a significant role in the water cycle. The wide-spread perception of forest cover, in terms of hydrology is that forests may reduce water runoff: although in rare instances the contrary has been reported. Water runoff varies seasonally and depends on the forest tree species. By no means can it be considered constant over large expanses of area or for various rainfall patterns. In this paper, the results of a long-term hydrological survey conducted in two experimental microbasins (operated by the Institute of Hydrology SAS, IH SAS) with different land use practices are presented. The Rybárik microbasin (0.119 km2) is dominated by row crop production. The basin was 70% cultivated by the state farm and 30% by a private farm. The Lesný microbasin (0.086 km2) is covered by a deciduous hornbeam regrowth forest (Carpinus betulus). The analysis revealed that the difference in the runoff from the forest and the agricultural land increases with increasing precipitation; however, at some point (extreme precipitations with low probability) the runoff from these basins is nearly equal.

The main directions of scientific support for the implementation of the system of organic farming in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
V.F. Kaminskyi ◽  
S.G. Korsun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Organic Crop Production ◽  
Advanced Production ◽  
And Training ◽  
Organizational Issue

The aim of this work was to study the basic directions of scientific support introduction of organic farming in Ukraine. The study used methods of comparison, synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction. The article indicated on the main areas that need special attention from researchers and suggests one possible mechanism to remove the remaining obstacles to organizational issue introduction of scientific developments in the production of organic and training areas. This can speed up the creation of new and manage existing land ownership and land use organic farming with the introduction of advanced production technology of organic crop production.

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