Jerusalem in Rome

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galit Noga-Banai
Keyword(s):  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Core ◽  
Promised Land ◽  
History Of ◽  
Apostolic See ◽  
The City

This chapter is about representations of contemporary constructions of earthly Christian Jerusalem in fifth-century Rome. Once the apostolic history of Rome had become visible in the city, and Rome had turned into a pilgrimage destination, where the faithful celebrated the commemoration of the local Roman martyrs, Jerusalem was welcomed to perform on stage, embraced by the strong arms of Peter and Paul. Thus, additional translations of relics from Palestine to Rome, as well as distinct appearances of Jerusalem and Bethlehem in mosaic decoration (S. Pudenziana; S. Maria Maggiore) and possibly architecture (S. Stefano Rotondo), will form the core of discussion. I will show how innovative Roman combinations of Rome and Jerusalem, as well as configurations of Rome as the “Promised Land,” were designed to reinforce the supreme position of Rome and its Apostolic See both in the present and at the End of Days.

scholarly journals Comparing maternal genetic variation across two millennia reveals the demographic history of an ancient human population in southwest Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ottoni ◽  
Rita Rasteiro ◽  
Rinse Willet ◽  
Johan Claeys ◽  
Peter Talloen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Genetic Discontinuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Sample

More than two decades of archaeological research at the site of Sagalassos, in southwest Turkey, resulted in the study of the former urban settlement in all its features. Originally settled in late Classical/early Hellenistic times, possibly from the later fifth century BCE onwards, the city of Sagalassos and its surrounding territory saw empires come and go. The Plague of Justinian in the sixth century CE, which is considered to have caused the death of up to a third of the population in Anatolia, and an earthquake in the seventh century CE, which is attested to have devastated many monuments in the city, may have severely affected the contemporary Sagalassos community. Human occupation continued, however, and Byzantine Sagalassos was eventually abandoned around 1200 CE. In order to investigate whether these historical events resulted in demographic changes across time, we compared the mitochondrial DNA variation of two population samples from Sagalassos (Roman and Middle Byzantine) and a modern sample from the nearby town of Ağlasun. Our analyses revealed no genetic discontinuity across two millennia in the region and Bayesian coalescence-based simulations indicated that a major population decline in the area coincided with the final abandonment of Sagalassos, rather than with the Plague of Justinian or the mentioned earthquake.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazala Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Sepoy Mutiny

The introduction begins with acknowledging rapid urbanization in India and moves on to a brief historical account of Delhi and its Muslim residents. It agrees with the historians that the fate of Delhi’s Muslim residents is entangled with the history of the city. The narrative traces several historical instances like the sepoy mutiny, partition, emergency, among others, as a background to the description of neoliberal Delhi and the contemporary topography of the city. Continuing in this aim to prepare a background, the introduction briefly gestures towards various attempts at (i) theorizing the city as spatialization of capitalism, and (ii) theoretically mapping the geographies of discrimination. Rationale for use of critical theory to provide the book its philosophical and conceptual framework of the work is discussed briefly. Within this framework ‘Positionality’, ‘Spatiality’ and ‘Identity’ are used as sensitizing concepts. The chapter closes with a brief statement of the core arguments of the work and their organisation in chapters to follow.

Endings (c. AD 380–400)

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Reduced Scale

The evidence for London’s late fourth century decline is put under the microscope. The paucity and problematic interpretation of dating evidence is discussed, but it is concluded that important elements of London’s urban infrastructure were in serious disrepair from as early as the 380s. Some main roads could no longer have carried regular wheeled traffic. Sites of former public buildings on the margins of towns were converted into small cemeteries in the late fourth century, showing that the city was still populated but on a reduced scale and hinting at a closer relationship between communities of the living and communities of the dead. Rich assemblages recovered from within some wells within the town are thought likely to represent termination rituals, as properties were closed and households departed. Abandonment horizons can also be described from the finds left behind over the latest floors of some houses. These acts of closure and departure may also have begun in the 380s, perhaps under Magnus Maximus who had briefly revived London’s mint but also withdrew troops and administrators from Britain. Whilst the city may still have been occupied into the fifth century, this is far from certain, and there is no evidence of repair and refurbishment of urban properties beyond the last years of the fourth century. This evidence of redundancy and retreat seems consistent with the interrupted history of the diocesan administration. London had become marginal city of relatively little importance to Rome.

Torang Samua Basudara : Nilai Budaya dalam Menjaga Kerukunan Hidup Beragama di Kota Manado.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kamil Jafar N
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City ◽  
Core Meaning

This article aims to describe and analyze the cultural values of Torang Samua Basudara which are the philosophy of living in harmony in the city of Manado. This study uses qualitative research methods, with data collection techniques namely observation and interviews, data analysis using three stages, namely data collection, reduction, and drawing conclusions.  The results of the study provide an overview of the history of the origin of the meeting between ethnic Minahasa and immigrants who show an attitude of openness and care for the Minahasa people, then the core meaning of the torang samua basudara value is that we are all God's creations, must love one another, cherish and live in good conditions, as well as the reality of interpersonal life. religion in the city of Manado shows a harmony in society, differences do not become obstacles but they support each other in the common good.

scholarly journals Islam in New Zealand – A Mixed Reception: Historical Overview and Contemporary Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Abdullah Drury ◽  
Douglas Pratt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Core ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Direct Attachment ◽  
Looking Back

Purpose: This research aims to discuss the history of Islam in New Zealand, together with some of the pressing issues and challenges Muslims have encountered along the way. Looking back at the history of early Muslim settlers and the emergence of Muslim organizations and allied enterprises, it is clear that the Muslim community in New Zealand has had a rather mixed reception in a land that, on the whole, is perceived to be benignly tolerant and accepting. Methodology: The research is based on a critical analysis of the available literature, both contemporary and historical. This paper explores complicated community developments, conversions to Islam, the violence experienced with defacement and destruction of mosques in reaction to overseas events over recent decades, ongoing Islamophobia, and the infamous 2019 terrorist attack on two mosques in the city of Christchurch. Findings: The research highlights the status of the New Zealand Muslim community and the extent and nature of their influence in the country. It constitutes a social hierarchy with a complex past and multiple internal issues. Accordingly, this paper concludes with a brief discussion of the migrant experience of Muslims. It also elucidates the necessity of further research in the future and emphasizes the need to study the culture, faith and history of New Zealand from various angles. Originality: This is illustrated in the direct attachment of the research to the core topic of religion. This is the first academic study to deal directly with both the history of the Muslim minority and contemporary issues such as Islamophobia following the 2019 massacre.

The Capitol and the Legends of the Saints

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Moralee
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City ◽  
Ubiquitous Presence ◽  
Christian History

Chapter 7 examines how dozens of martyr acts composed beginning in the fifth century turned the Capitol into a site of Christian resistance. In these pious fictions, rejection of a fantasy Capitol created a new heritage for the hill. The Capitol was reconstructed out of the “living textuality” of the hill, fragments of inscriptions, and the ubiquitous presence of ruins. Unmoored from the traditional ways of remembering the hill established in the late republic, the Capitol came to play a new role in a distinctly Christian history of a pagan Roman empire. These martyr acts elaborated new ways of knowing the hill and the city of Rome that had almost nothing to do with the classical past. Here, Roman traditions about Christian heroes made the Capitol emblematic of the Roman Empire itself, a symbol of awesome worldly power that could be dramatically neutralized by a battalion of Roman saints.

Life and Death, City and SuburbThe Transformations of Late Antiquity

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Allison L. C. Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The City

“Life and Death, City and Suburb: The Transformations of Late Antiquity” is a brief epilogue considering urbanism of the fifth century CE and beyond. As Rome’s population shrank, the city reoriented itself into a constellation of small settlements, scattered within the Aurelian Wall and surrounded by cultivated land. The residents of these settlements buried their dead within the wall, a development that has been seen to represent a sea change in mentality, but which is better read as a result of the city’s new topography and demography. Suburbs, furthermore, did not disappear in this period. Late Antique suburbs grew up around the suburban shrines of Christian martyrs, not only at Rome, but also in other Italian cities like Mediolanum and Nola. This period was marked by both continuity and change, but through it the dead remained present in urban life, continuing relationships carried through all stages in the history of Italy’s cities.

scholarly journals Tradition and subjectivities: Warri-related comedians and their art

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanure Ojaide ◽  
Enajite Ojaruega
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

By some coincidence, many Nigerian stand-up comedians were born, raised, live in, or are associated with Warri and its environs. By Warri, as understood in the area, we mean Warri and its surroundings and, to a large extent, what is called the ‘core Delta’ of Nigeria’s Delta State. The comedians include Gordons, I Go Dye, AY and Real Warri Pikin. We investigate what is possibly responsible for the natural talent of these comedians. We relate the success of these comedians to the notion of Warri as ‘not coming last’, the history of the city of many ethnicities, boma boys, the blues nature of suffering pain and deprivations but laughing them off, and some indigenous traditions such as the Urhobo udje oral poetic performance which aims to elicit laughter as a means of maintaining normalcy and preventing anybody from deviating from the communally-established norms. We use multiple concepts such as laughter as a means of regulating people’s lives, satire, historicism, culture, and aesthetic considerations to study these Warri-related comedians and their art. We investigate the commonalities, subjectivities, traditions, and individual talents that have made Warri-born, raised, resident, and related comedians so successful—not only in Nigeria, but also in Africa and the world.

Theseus: The growth of a myth in history

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Den Boer
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Human Spirit ◽  
New Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
General Appeal

Athens had a founder. His identity lies concealed in the twilight of myth. When the historians first sought him, and that was centuries after the city had been established, they constructed a traditional picture which—with the necessary modifications to fit current needs—persisted into late Antiquity. A historical picture, even one of a past as distant as the founding of Athens, is never created out of thin air, however. Remnants of ancient customs, no longer understood, remained part of social and religious practices. When the Greek—in the time that also saw the first written recording of history, roughly in the fifth century B.c.—posed his questions about the how and why of the relics, he encountered the stories belonging to oral and written tradition that mentioned and honoured a founder. These shreds of ideas about an ancient past he used, together with the products of his tireless imagination, to create a picture with such a general appeal that it has remained alive and has even become a piece of history whose development can be followed, even though the journey is a difficult one and does not always hold to one path or lead to the same conclusion. The legend becomes history in two ways. Firstly, the human spirit, which loves to make fables and cannot accept its own ignorance, fills out shadowy images from an ancient and incomprehensible past until they become distinct figures. These elaborations then give rise to a new development, which might be called the history of the legend. To trace and describe the evolution of the legend is an extraordinarily fascinating occupation.

Mozi

2020 ◽  
pp. 684-697
Author(s):  
Vincent S. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces the basic philosophical tenets of the Mozi. It is a vast collection of texts attributed to the eponymous figure, who probably lived in the late fifth century bce, and his followers in the next few centuries. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first discusses the biographical details of this shadowy figure Mozi, the problematic textual history of this tome, and the historical significance of this tradition of ethical and political thought that bears his name. The second section focuses on the method of the philosophy of the Mozi, with a special focus on its reliance on etiological rhetoric. The third and last section discusses the core teachings of the Mozi, including the idea of Heaven’s will; the efficacy of meritocracy; the virtue of impartiality; the necessity of moderate expenditure; the veritable existence of ghosts and spirits; and its impassioned arguments against warfare, fatalism, and what Mozi and his followers understood to be the teaching of the Confucians popular in their own time.

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