Inequality, Taxation, and Public Transfers in Latin America

Direct Taxation ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

Public Transfers ◽

Fiscal Compact ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Rich ◽

This chapter looks at inequality trends and the redistributive potential of fiscal policies in Latin America. It suggests that increased mobilization of tax revenues from the middle class, the segment of society with the highest “tax morale,” could help rectify the frayed fiscal compact—the fragile agreement between the governed and the government about what sums the former owe as taxpayers and what services the latter provides in return. A new fiscal compact might be constructed around the Sustainable Development Goals, through a holistic approach focused on public tax revenues and spending priorities. The chapter then emphasizes the need to rely on direct taxation, which could help close the gap between the rich and the poor and improve the realization of human rights; to maximize the potential redistributive impacts of taxes and transfers; and to improve service delivery.

Analysis of pre-service teachers’ perception towards the economic, environmental, social and cultural dimensions of Education for Sustainable Development

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8435 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 972-978

Author(s):

Manisha Jetly ◽

Dr. Nandita Singh

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Education For Sustainable Development ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Depth Study ◽

Development Goals ◽

Class Room

Education for sustainable development (ESD) enjoys a huge momentum worldwide in which the role of teachers for making sustainable development goals a reality has been recognized significantly. Teachers through their knowledge, attitudes and skills can bring the learning about these concepts to the curriculum and class room interaction and are in a position to influence their students. Therefore it is pertinent, that teachers are sensitised towards these issues, so that they prepare and nurture their students for making appropriate and responsible choices which contribute to a sustainable future. At this juncture it becomes crucial to understand their priorities and awareness level in context of the sustainable development. The present research paper aims to analyse the perception of forty post graduate pre-service teachers of the Chandigarh region, towards ESD through the dimensions of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, social sustainability and cultural sustainability. For this researchers have adopted qualitative content analysis methodology for an in-depth study of the subjective responses through an open ended question. The findings suggest that most of the respondents associated the perception of ESD strongly with environmental sustainability. It is noted that the pre-service teachers lack a holistic approach towards ESD. On the basis of the findings it is recommended that there is an urgent need of integrating the concept of ESD consciously and conscientiously in India’s teacher education programmes.

Pandemic may drive new wealth taxes in Latin America

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db258896 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Social Welfare ◽

The Political ◽

Content Type ◽

Latin Americans ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

Wealth Tax ◽

The Government ◽

Political Spectrum ◽

Tax Cuts

Significance The region’s current tax and spending policies redistribute very little. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a deep and persistent recession, despite new spending, tax cuts and monetary easing aimed at limiting the damage. In December, the government of Argentina, which was particularly hard hit, passed a temporary (and additional) net wealth tax on the very richest households. Impacts OECD-led transparency efforts offer the long-sought possibility of taxing the foreign assets of wealthy Latin Americans. The pandemic will increase both existing inequalities and the need for tax revenues to finance social welfare and stimulus spending. Efforts to strengthen tax collection more broadly will likely be undertaken by governments across the political spectrum.

Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2021

10.18235/0003418 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Latin America ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Annual Report ◽

Development Effectiveness ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Caribbean

The Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) is an annual report produced by the IDB Group to share the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. It showcases the IDB Group's contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in the region and the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as progress against key institutional metrics in its Corporate Results Framework.

Linking the SDGS with human rights: opportunities and challenges of promoting goal 17

Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) ◽

10.4314/jsdlp.v10i1.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 56-72

Author(s):

Wekgari Dulume

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Human Rights ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Global Partnerships ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Government ◽

Principles And Standards

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is grounded in different international human rights instruments. Human rights (HR) principles and standards are strongly reflected in several of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets. Furthermore, SDG 17 emphasizes partnership as a key to achieving all of the SDGs. This article examines the SDGs-HR linkage in general, as well as specific HR principles that can be advanced by the achievement of SDG 17. Opportunities and challenges to promote Goal 17 of the SDGs that directly affect certain HRs are also examined. A review of relevant literature, 2030 summit documents, and outcomes of recent international conferences on the SDGs is undertaken in order to determine the progress made towards forging regional and global partnerships for the SDGs, as envisaged in Goal 17. This article finds that the absence of a political will and commitment, increased isolationist policy, narrow nationalism and poor rule linkage at national and international levels are some of the obstacles to the attainment of Goal 17. Yet, opportunities abound to promote the Goal. The article recommends a genuine commitment to implementing the SDGs by encouraging the South-South and North-South to prevent the SDGs from becoming a mere wishlist. Synergy between the government, individuals, civil society organizations (CSOs) and transnational corporations (TNCs) is equally very important. Keywords: Human rights, sustainable development goals, partnership for the goals.

Power crisis to hamper Zambia development prospects

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db201099 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Tax Avoidance ◽

Hydroelectric Power ◽

Fuel Price ◽

Content Type ◽

Growth Environment ◽

Finance Minister ◽

Price Hike ◽

Development Goals ◽

Subject Outlook for Zambia's economy. Significance Finance Minister Alexander Chikwanda last month presented revisions to the 2015 budget. They reflected the cooling growth environment, lower-than-expected tax revenues and rising borrowing costs. Droughts have exacerbated these vulnerabilities by pressuring Zambia's hydroelectric power supplies. Economic prospects are weakened ahead of elections scheduled for September 2016. Impacts Riots that took place in the main tourist hub Livingstone over the fuel price hike could hit visitor numbers if repeated. Revenue woes will harden the government's stance on tax avoidance, raising tensions with miners. The government may use the Sustainable Development Goals summit to press for greater donor aid, citing its revenue crunch.

Estimating SDG Indicators in Data-Scarce Areas: The Transition to the Use of New Technologies and Multidisciplinary Studies

Earth ◽

10.3390/earth2030037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 635-652

Author(s):

Angelos Alamanos ◽

Suzanne Linnane

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

New Technologies ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Two Factors ◽

Slow Progress ◽

Development Goals ◽

Multidisciplinary Studies

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their indicators provide opportunities to best combine the available knowledge and data to monitor and estimate different metrics and track their progress. The overall picture can be complex as some indicators are often interconnected (e.g., rural and/or urban development with a water body’s status). Two factors can play a crucial role in achieving the SDGs: the use of new technologies for database building and multidisciplinary studies and understanding. This study aims to explore these factors, highlight their importance and provide an example as guidance of their proper and combinative use. Ireland is used as an example of a data-scarce case with poor–slow progress, especially on the environmental SDGs. Two “non-reported” SDG indicators (lack of data) are selected and estimated in this work using freely available data (remote sensing, satellite imagery) and geospatial software for the first time in the country. The results show improvements in rural and urban development; however, this is accompanied by negative environmental consequences. A more holistic approach is needed and a broader conceptual model is presented to avoid any misleading interpretations of the study of SDGs. The transition to the modern technological and multidisciplinary evolution requires respective knowledge and understanding, strongly based on complex systems analysis.

Tax Revenue Mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does political Legitimacy Matters?

Research in Economics and Management ◽

10.22158/rem.v5n3p47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. p47

Author(s):

Issa Dianda ◽

Aminata Ouedraogo ◽

Idrissa Ouedraogo

Keyword(s):

Political Legitimacy ◽

Physical Capital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Fiscal Capacity ◽

Tax Revenues ◽

Political Determinants ◽

Development Goals ◽

Sub Saharan

The mobilization of substantial domestic resources is required to finance human and physical capital in order to achieve the sustainable development goals. In developing countries like those of Sub-Saharan Africa, the mobilization of tax revenues remains a great challenge. In this context, identifying the determinants of fiscal capacity remains crucial to guide the adoption of appropriate fiscal reforms. Therefore, as part of the wave of literature on the institutional and political determinants of fiscal capacity, this article explores the effect of political legitimacy on tax revenues in a sample of 41 SSA countries over the period 1996-2017. The system GMM in two steps estimator is used for empirical investigation. The result shows that tax revenue increases with political legitimacy. This result suggests that political legitimization in SSA remains crucial to mobilize more resources in order to adequately finance the development.

Land Tenure in Latin America: from Land Reforms to Counter‑Movement to Neoliberalism

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765051793 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1793-1798 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eduardo von Bennewitz

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Economic Equality ◽

Land Reforms ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Difference

Latin America, with a Gini coefficient for land of 0.79, is the world’s most unequal region in terms of land distribution. Land inequality is one of the greatest impediments to Latin American societies for achieving sustainable development and economic growth. Many studies have demonstrated how an unequal land concentration affects the quality of democracy and social cohesion and inhibits economic growth. Land is the main and in many cases the only asset for millions of rural households in the region and Land tenure can mean the difference between subsistence and extreme poverty. The present work reviews the agrarian reform processes that were experienced in part of Latin America and examines the impacts of the subsequent neoliberal reforms on land tenure, land and capital concentration. Finally it focuses on the need of a new distribution of land in order to achieve higher levels of Socio‑Economic equality an also meet the Sustainable Development Goals in the region.

INCREASING AWARENESS CAPACITY OF DISASTER POTENTIAL AS A SUPPORT TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL (SDG) 13 IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE

Jurnal PIR : Power in International Relations ◽

10.22303/pir.5.2.2021.129-146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Indra Jaya Wiranata ◽

Khairunnisa Simbolon

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Primary Data ◽

Prone Area ◽

Development Goals ◽

<p>Global policies on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address several aspects of environmental life and climate change. There are still challenges that many regions do not pursue the achievement of sustainable development goals which means that SDGs cannot simply and automatically be achieved in several regions due to different contexts and different geographic backgrounds. Extreme climate change can cause natural disasters that have the potential to cause losses and even claim victims. Thus, Lampung, which is a disaster-prone area, is interesting to be studied whether the government and the community's efforts to realize potential disasters have been accomplished properly. This research explains the efforts that have been and need to be done by Lampung Province in responding to potential disasters through a policy brief in order to motivate the government to pay more attention to climate change and natural disasters. This research is a type of qualitative research with primary data that will be taken by using interview techniques and literature review. The survey was conducted by random sampling the people of Lampung regarding the level of awareness of potential disasters. The data will also be obtained by using Google Trend. The results of this research indicate that the efforts of the Lampung Provincial Government such as mitigation, emergency response, reconstruction, rehabilitation, disaster risk assessments, and support from the epistemic community.</p>

Preface

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/011001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 944 (1) ◽

pp. 011001

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Editorial Committee ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Development Goals ◽

Development Agreement ◽

Indonesia up till now always endorse the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global development agreement. Through today International Conference we would like to appeal to all scientists, researchers, marine activators from all over the world together to manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems. From any activities that may negative impact to the sustainable use of ocean based resources. We understand and realize that by now we are all suffer under the pandemic disease of COVID-19. The disease, that has set our condition, world widely setback in many sectors and aspects including the marine and environment. Therefore, the Goals of the SDGs those have been design are still align with the latest condition. The SDGs are designed to involve all development actors, be they the Government, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), the private sector, academics, and so on. Collaboration among researchers is successful key to achieve these goals, and interdisciplinary collaboration within marine science is also expected to trigger research and development activities, especially in the tropical regions of Indonesia. List of Keynote Speakers, Invited Speakers, Editor in Chief, Conference Chair, Editorial Committee, Scientific Committee, Assistant Editors, The 4th ICMS Documentation and Photos are available in the pdf.