The Fugitive as Class Exemplar

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-316
Author(s):  
William L. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Special Class ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Fugitive Slave

Chapter 4 reviews the fugitive slave narrative’s role in rehabilitating the character of the slave by representing the fugitive slave as a special class of “superior” men and women who proved themselves worthy of freedom by refusing a degraded, victimized status. Traits of admirable character, such as initiative and intelligence, sometimes distinguish aspirants for freedom from so-called ordinary slaves, implying that those whom the fugitives left behind them were liable to judgment for acquiescing to their enslavement. However, many narratives note multiple factors, including emotional ties and fear of reprisals, that made flight for freedom untenable for most slaves. In some narratives scenes of parting, in which fugitives struggle emotionally and ethically with the idea of abandoning enslaved loved ones, dramatize an excruciating dilemma: how to justify a final and irrevocable assertion of an individual priority, freedom, over the needs and welfare of loved ones, family, or community.

Identities Left Behind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
Urban India ◽  
Capacity To Aspire ◽  
Slum Settlements

In this chapter, stories of young men and women who live in basti (slum settlements) near one of the most affluent neighborhoods in Pune, India, are analyzed. It is argued that the basti youth’s “capacity to aspire” is not just an individual trait or a psychological ability. Rather, their aspirations are shaped by their caste identities, structural conditions of poverty, their narrative capacity, their schooling in vernacular language, and the prestige accorded to speakers of English language in urban India. The stories of the basti youth are characterized as dispossessed because they are shaped by and connected to the possessions of the dominant class who live nearby and the unequal structural conditions of their basti. These stories reveal that globalization, by and large, has exacerbated the structural inequality in the slum settlements in Pune. Structural inequality refers to a system that creates and perpetuates an unequal distribution of material and psychological privileges .

scholarly journals Gender and Modernization in Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tülin Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Words Gender ◽  
Status Of Women

This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality.   Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.

Changes in Disposable Personal Income and the Gender Personal Income Gap in Sweden, 1983–2010: A Study of Three Different Income Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Total Population ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Left Behind

AbstractIn recent decades, the Swedish economy has been characterized by rather fast economic growth. At the same time, income inequality has increased substantially. In the present study, I investigated who has gained and who has been left behind during this period—how disposable personal income has changed for men and women, as well as for those in different positions in the income distribution. Register data for the total population (aged 20 to 80 years old) from 1983 to 2010 were used and three different positions in the income distribution were investigated: percentile 10, the median, and percentile 99. Five years were selected: 1983, 1991, 2000, 2006, and 2010. Each selected year represents a snapshot and describes the general trend. Results show that women in the 10th percentile have increased their income quite well, a result of increased female labor force participation during the period. This has led to a decrease of the income gap between genders within this group. But results also show a masculinization of low income and poverty, as the male incomes in this group have not increased to the same extent as for males in the other income groups. At the median, both men and women experienced a steady increase of incomes, but the gender gap for ages younger than 50 widened between 2000 and 2010. At the very top, percentile 99, the increase in disposable personal income was enormous; however, the gender gap in income did not decrease.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen John Hartnett ◽  
Eleanor Novek ◽  
Jennifer K. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Real World ◽  
Prison Education ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Prison Industrial Complex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Research And Education

This introductory chapter discusses how the Prison Communication, Activism, Research, and Education Collective (PCARE) attempts to put democracy into practice by merging prison education and activism. While dozens of studies have described what is wrong with America's prison-industrial complex—its embedded racism and sexism, its perpetual violence, its skewed judicial and legislative aspects, and its corresponding media spectacles, among others—the chapter presents real-world answers based on years of pragmatic activism and engaged teaching. It recognizes that the men and women in prisons and jails have left behind them trails of wreckage—they harmed others and caused immeasurable pain. Meanwhile, the victims of violent crime attest that their lives are forever altered. The chapter foregrounds these facts and argues that the only way to end the cycle of violence is by moving past the anger and fear.

Left Behind? Russia’s Entry Bars and Gender Relations in Tajikistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zotova ◽  
Jeffrey H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Traffic Violation ◽  
And Gender

AbstractRussia remains the destination of choice for Tajik migrants. Its migration policies have profound implications for migrants’ legal status and capacity to remit and return home. This article draws on ethnographic research in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, and explores how the enforcement of Russia’s immigration laws affects Tajik migrants and their families. By 2016, over 300,000 Tajik migrants were issued entry bars (zapret na v’ezd) for three or more years for two or more administrative offenses, including the lack of a work permit or a residential registration and a traffic violation. Migration and the transnational lifestyle increase agency among Tajik men and women, informing gender transformations. Entry bars produce temporary constraints to spatial and social mobility as migrants readjust to well-defined gender roles in their home country. We note how immigration laws affect men and women in different ways, contextualizing the gendered effects of entry bars through the lens of gender relations and understandings of masculinity and femininity in Tajikistan. We argue that the constraints to migrants’ mobility developed by Russian migration policies inform the reconstitution of gender relations in Tajikistan.

The Judgment of God

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147
Author(s):  
W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Description ◽  
Love Of God

That the Judgment of God is a Biblical notion of profound significance cannot be denied. But it has never been popular with man, and in some ages of the Church's history—apart from the Liturgy—it has been entirely dormant. In a recent article in The Congregational Quarterly Dr Lovell Cocks describes the Edwardian Nonconformist minister as one “who endeared himself to his congregation as a big, brotherly fellow by having ‘no use for theology’”—a very true description of more than Nonconformist ministers in that age of prosperity—and then says that the same man to-day would “merely write himself down as a charlatan or an ass”. I wonder how true this is! Have we really so completely left behind that Edwardian optimism? I doubt it. The heritage of the second half of the nineteenth century, the age of progress and expansion, is perhaps not so easily got rid of as that. Whilst it is true that amongst theologians in the past thirty years there has been a revival of the notions of the Holiness of God, the Judgment of God, and of eschatological matters in general; and whilst Barth and Brunner and Niebuhr are names to conjure with, I am inclined to think that the general run of men and women, including many preachers, are still prone to cling to the comfortable and somewhat sentimental doctrines of the Love of God which were fashionable amongst theologians a generation ago.

scholarly journals Gender, Health, and Development in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2019

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Men And Women ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Eighth Edition ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Diverse Groups

This is the eighth edition of the statistical brochure on Gender, Health, and Development in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2019. The usefulness of this brochure is widely recognized by various audiences throughout the Region of the Americas. The first step towards achieving gender equality is understanding the differences in the living and working conditions among men and women, as well as the risk factors and vulnerabilities that influence health outcomes. Additionally, in order to meet the targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals, countries should collect data to show the inequalities between diverse groups of men and women, identifying the most disadvantaged population groups and ensuring that no one is left behind. While countries of the Americas have taken significant strides in disaggregating health data by sex and age, additional efforts are still needed to include ethnic variables into health registries. This compendium of indicators illustrates the differences in health between men and women and, in the social, economic, and environmental determinants. It highlights once again the importance of continuing to collect disaggregated data to conduct gender-based analysis in order to determine, address, reduce, and eliminate the causes of gender-related inequalities.

scholarly journals Together or apart? Spousal migration and reunification practices of recent refugees to Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-2019) ◽  
pp. 303-332
Author(s):  
Elisabeth K. Kraus ◽  
Lenore Sauer ◽  
Laura Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year

This study examines migration and reunification processes among recent male and female refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria in Germany. Specifically, we analyse different types of spousal migration practices (joint arrival versus arriving alone) and the probability of reunification with the left-behind partner after one year of geographic separation, and to what extent this is shaped by socio-economic conditions, children, family networks, and the legal situation of married men and women. Using data from the first and second wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, collected in 2016 and 2017 in Germany, and applying logistic regression models, we disentangle the heterogeneity of refugees’ migration processes. The results show that couples with minor children are more likely to migrate together compared to childless couples or those with adult children only, and that men and women’s solo migration is associated with the presence of other family members at the destination country. The probability of reunifying with the left-behind partner after one year of separation mainly depends, again, on family networks, with differential effects for men and women. Furthermore, male first-movers’ legal status in Germany is important for a quick reunification with their wives. Our research shows that forced migration in the here studied geographic context is a gendered process and that several characteristics of male migration do not apply to women. Furthermore, conventional explanations for economically motivated migration decisions and patterns must be adapted to the case of forced migration.

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