Ann Radcliffe’s Classical Remembrances

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-120
Author(s):  
James Uden
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Ann Radcliffe ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
The Mysteries Of Udolpho

This chapter examines the role of classical literature in the life and writings of Ann Radcliffe. A strong case can be made for Radcliffe’s awareness of, and interest in, classical literature, even if it is impossible to claim decisively that she could read Latin. First, it examines allusions to Greek and Roman antiquity in The Romance of the Forest (1791) and The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794). These allusions are used to articulate an ethical sensibility for these novels’ heroines: they are susceptible to the grandeur and sublimity of the classical world, and yet direct their attention and sympathy not to heroes or leaders but to the innocent victims of grand ambition. The second part of the chapter examines Radcliffe’s work of travel literature. In this work, the Roman historian Tacitus is quoted in Latin three times, in each case to describe the traces of war and suffering in the places that Radcliffe and her husband visit. Finally, the chapter turns to Radcliffe’s final novel published in her lifetime, The Italian (1797), in which the eroticism of Herculaneum wall paintings, and the shadowy walls of a Roman fort are sources of terror for the novel’s heroine and hero.

O̅TA GYU̅ICHI. «SHINCHŌ-KŌ KI», BOOK IX (COMMENTED TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN)

2020 ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
S. A. Polkhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Pure Land ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Unique Information

The article provides a Russian translation of the book IX of «Shincho̅-ko̅ ki». This part of the chronicle narrates the renewal of the war between Nobunaga and Honganji Temple. The followers of the True School of Pure Land besieged in Ozaka managed to inflict painful counterattacks against the forces of the “unifier of Japan”. Nobunaga detachments, trying to capture the Kizu fortress on the outskirts of Ozaka were surrounded and defeated. Ban Naomasa, one of his prominent military leaders, was killed, the army from Ozaka attacked the Tenno̅ji fortress, and only the help immediately rendered by Nobunaga saved the garrison from death. After that, Nobunaga blocked Ozakа on land and at sea. However, the fleet of the Mo̅ri house, which joined the ranks of Nobunaga opponents, and the allies of Mo̅ri were able to defeat the naval forces of Nobunaga and deliver provisions to Ozaka, which allowed Honganji to continue the struggle. Book IX also contains a description of the construction of Azuti Castle and its main tower (tenshu), Nobunaga’s residence. The unique information of the chronicle formed the basis for the further reconstruction of the tenshu’s appearance. The castle became the personification of the wealth and omnipotence of Nobunaga, a reflection of his claims to the role of supreme ruler of Japan. The wall paintings of the main tower halls manifest the influence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. The key symbols of the images are taken from Chinese political ideology.

Hegel's Antiquity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will D. Desmond
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Historical Thinking ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Greek World

Hegel’s Antiquity aims to summarize, contextualize, and criticize Hegel’s understanding and treatment of major aspects of the classical world, approaching each of the major areas of his historical thinking in turn: politics, art, religion, philosophy, and history itself. The discussion excerpts relevant details from a range of Hegel’s works, with an eye both to the ancient sources with which he worked, and the contemporary theories (German aesthetic theory, Romanticism, Kantianism, Idealism (including Hegel’s own), and emerging historicism) which coloured his readings. What emerges is that Hegel’s interest in both Greek and Roman antiquity was profound and is essential for his philosophy, arguably providing the most important components of his vision of world history: Hegel is generally understood as a thinker of modernity (in various senses), but his modernity can only be understood in essential relation to its predecessor and ‘others’, notably the Greek world and Roman world whose essential ‘spirit’ he assimilates to his own notion of Geist.

scholarly journals The role of cultural industries in modern cultural life of the region (on the example of N. D. Neustroev's comedy “Tieteybit”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Nurgun Vyacheslavovich Afanasev ◽  
Ul'yana Valer'evna Titova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Impact

The object of this research is the role of the comedy “Tieteybit” by N. D. Neustroev in cultural life of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The subject is the impact of modern creative industries upon cultural life of the region. On the example of Nikolay Denisovich Neustroev's comedy play “Tieteybit”, the authors examine the use of creative approaches towards preservation and popularization of cultural heritage of the Sakha people. It is noted that over the recent years, a major event in the development of spiritual culture and cultural life of the region overall has become the innovations introduced by the contemporaries in staging the Yakut comedies. Motifs of the comedy “Tieteybit” served as the prototype for staging the the first Yakut musical comedy, and even a film. A survey was conducted touching upon the following questions: are the innovations introduced in culture in form of a screen version of classical literature with the elements of innovation encourage the young generation to studying the Yakut cultural heritage?; what is the relevance of the work by N. D. Neustroev “Tieteybit”? The conclusions is made that in the XXI century, N. D. Neustroev's comedy “Tieteybit” has become one of the basics for the development of creative industry of the region. As an instrument for the development of regional culture, creative industry may play the strongest and highly effective role in the development of social life of the region.

scholarly journals Focalisation in Travel Literature "A Study on Three Selected Models"

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Sinan Abdulazeez AABDULRAHEM
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research Studies

Focalisation is one of the main concepts in narration; it is basically linked with the narrator in terms of the mechanisms that he follows in presenting views, their angle and the degree of interest in presenting one part to another. As for the narrator, he has full freedom and unique energy to talk about whatever and however he wants. He may have interests in shedding light on political, religious, social, intellectual, philosophical and psychological matters. He may also make the reader compelled to take his comments and points of view, as the narrator is meant to be the window through which readers overlook all events. Thus, the narrator adds his touches to the events in the narration doing things like commenting on events, deleting others to make things ambiguous or adding more details to make the events more interesting. Therefore, narration is always shaped and affected by the role of the narrator, specifically when he is a lonely well-educated and cultured person. The current research studies Focalisation in a specific literary genre, which is the travel literature. It selects three examples from three books authored by: Hassan Abd Radhi, Ahmed Zaki and Anes Mansour respectively and investigates the diversity of those authors' methods of Focalisation. Keywords: Author, Reader, Literature.

scholarly journals Travelling to the described present: mago-space in the Strugatskys’ Monday starts on Saturday

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Наталья Тулякова ◽  
Наталья Никитина
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Do So

Fantasy and science fiction genres extensively use imaginary settings and locations different from realistic ones but striving to look real. Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, pioneers of the science fiction genre in Russia, actively exploited the potential of both genres in their early tale, Monday starts on Saturday (1964), which combines features of the two space types. The present paper analyses the principles of creating ‘mago-space’ in the book. To do so, we look at the spatial organization of the events involved in the plot and the personages’ ideas regarding space. The research will enable us to clarify the role of space in conveying the authors’ message, which in this tale is quite explicit. We argue that the space changes significantly within the book, accompanying genre transformations and the development of the protagonist. Since the tale uses ‘mental sublocations’ as the main units of spatial organization, each part is determined by a certain type of cultural heritage. In the first part, it is the mental space of folklore and classical literature, in the second – that of mythology and science fiction, and in the final – philosophy and science. Mental spaces that coexist and follow various laws form a narrative which turns out to be a journey to the described present in the variety of its forms.

scholarly journals The image of the hero-entrepreneur in Russian classical literature as a pledge of socially responsible principles of modern Russian entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Н.А. Чистякова
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Dramatic Works ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

В последнее десятилетие резко изменилось отношение российской общественности к предпринимательству с негативного на нейтральное и даже позитивное. Для подтверждения предположения об изменении эмоционального статуса понятия «предпринимательство» автором был произведен соцопрос. Поскольку предположение об изменении статуса понятия «предпринимательство» подтвердилось, автор посредством историко-культурного анализа постарался объяснить причину изменения стереотипа. Акцент был сделан на роль произведений русской классической литературы в формировании общественного сознания. Кроме того, автор конкретизировал отраженный в классической литературе идеал русского предпринимателя. Конкретно, в статье проанализирован образ предпринимателя в русской классической литературе XIX века: разобраны литературные типы работников финансовой сферы, найдены положительные примеры, выявлены социально ответственные принципы подхода к делу. Для обеспечения большей объективности для анализа привлечены как эпические, так и драматические произведения. Автор выясняет, как в русской классической литературе отражаются проблемы личности предпринимателя, актуальные в настоящее время. В статье произведен сравнительный анализ «кодексов чести» предпринимателя – источников XIX и XXI века, – в которых раскрывается тема чести русского финансиста, его морального облика. В исследовании утверждается преемственность традиций в сфере предпринимательства, сформированных основной частью населения страны, жившего по законам Российской Империи, кроме того, обосновывается содержательная связь художественных и документальных источников и доказывается необходимость создания образа современного коммерсанта на основе принципов, отраженных в отечественной классике. In the last decade, the attitude of the Russian public towards entrepreneurship has changed dramatically from negative to neutral and even positive. To confirm the assumption about the change in the emotional status of the concept of «entrepreneurship», the author conducted a social survey. Since the assumption about the change in the status of the concept of «entrepreneurship» was confirmed, the author tried to explain the reason for the change in the stereotype through historical and cultural analysis. The emphasis was placed on the role of works of Russian classical literature in the formation of public consciousness. In addition, the author concretized the ideal of the Russian entrepreneur reflected in the classical literature. Specifically, the article analyzes the image of the entrepreneur in the Russian classical literature of the XIX century: the literary types of financial workers are analyzed, positive examples are found, and socially responsible principles of the approach to business are identified. To ensure greater objectivity, both epic and dramatic works are used for analysis. The author finds out how the Russian classical literature reflects the problems of the entrepreneur's personality that are currently relevant. The article presents a comparative analysis of the «codes of honor» of the entrepreneur-sources of the XIX and XXI centuries-which reveal the theme of the honor of the Russian financier, his moral image. The study confirms the continuity of traditions in the field of entrepreneurship, formed by the main part of the country's population, who lived according to the laws of the Russian Empire, in addition, substantiates the meaningful connection of artistic and documentary sources and proves the need to create an image of a modern merchant based on the principles reflected in the Russian classics.

Chemical Biomarker Applications to Ecology and Paleoecology

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi ◽  
Elizabeth A. Canuel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Inherent Structure ◽  
Chemical Biomarkers ◽  
Ancient Ecosystems

This chapter provides a brief historical account of the success and limitations of using chemical biomarkers in aquatic ecosystems. It also introduces the general concepts of chemical biomarkers as they relate to global biogeochemical cycling. The application of chemical biomarkers in modern and/or ancient ecosystems is largely a function of the inherent structure and stability of the molecule, as well as the physicochemical environment of the system wherein it exists. In some cases, redox changes in sediments have allowed for greater preservation of biomarker compounds; in well-defined laminated sediments; for example, a strong case can be made for paleo-reconstruction of past organic matter composition sources. However, many of the labile chemical biomarkers may be lost or transformed within minutes to hours of being released from the cell from processes such as bacterial and/or metazoan grazing, cell lysis, and photochemical breakdown. The role of trophic effects versus large-scale physiochemical gradients in preserving or destroying the integrity of chemical biomarkers varies greatly across different ecosystems. These effects are discussed as they relate to aquatic systems such as lakes, estuaries, and oceans.

scholarly journals The Role of Archaeology in Forming Greek National Identity and its Embodiment in European Identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-458
Author(s):  
Olga Katsiardi-Hering
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Roman Antiquity ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Of Greece

The murder of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, for many the ‘founder of archaeology’, in 1768 in a Trieste inn, did not mean the end for his work, which could be said to have been the key to understanding ancient Greece, which Europe was re-discovering at the time. In the late Enlightenment, Neoclassicism, followed by Romanticism, elevated classical, Hellenistic and Roman antiquity, and archaeological research, to the centre of academic quests, while the inclusion of archaeological sites in the era’s Grand Tours fed into a belief in the ‘Regeneration’/‘Wiedergeburt’ of Greece. The Modern Greek Enlightenment flourished during this same period, the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with a concomitant classicizing turn. Ancient Greek texts were republished by Greek scholars, especially in the European centres of the Greek diaspora. An admiration for antiquity was intertwined into the Neohellenic national identity, and the first rulers of the free Greek State undertook to take care of the nation’s archaeological monuments. In 1837, under ‘Bavarian rule’, the first Greek University and the ‘Archaeological Society of Greece in Athens’ were set up. Archaeologists flocked to Greece and those parts of the ancient Greek world that were still part of the Ottoman Empire. The showcasing of classical monuments, at the expense of the Byzantine past, would remain the rule until the latter half of the nineteenth century. Modern Greek national identity was primarily underpinned by admiration for antiquity, which was viewed as a source of modern Hellenism, and for ‘enlightened, savant, good-governed Europe’. Today, the ‘new archaeology’ is striving to call these foundations into question.

Human Taxonomies: Carl Linnaeus, Swedish Travel in Asia and the Classification of Man

Itinerario ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 218-242
Author(s):  
Christina Skott
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Travel Literature ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Carl Linnaeus ◽  
Eyewitness Reports

AbstractThis article looks at ways in which Swedish travel to Asia informed the classification of man in the work of Carl Linnaeus. In the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae (1758), Linnaeus made substantial changes to his earlier taxonomy of humans. Through two case studies, it is argued that these changes to a great extent were prompted by fresh Swedish eyewitness reports from China and Southeast Asia. The informants for the Homo asiaticus, a variety of Homo sapiens, and a proposed new species of humans, Homo nocturnus (or troglodytes), were all associated with the Swedish East India Company. The botanical contribution by men trained in the Linnaean method travelling on the company's ships has long been acknowledged. In contrast to the systematic collecting of botanical material, Swedish descriptions of Asia's human inhabitants were often inconclusive, reflecting the circumstances of the trade encounter. Linnaeus also relied on older observations made by countrymen, and his human taxonomies also highlight the role of travel literature in eighteenth-century anthropology.

Reviving the Memory of the Apostles: Apocryphal Tradition and Travel Literature in Late Antiquity

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Scott Fitzgerald Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
First Century ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Greco Roman

In this essay I aim to consider the association of place with apostolic personae. The imaginative worlds generated between the time of the apostles in the first century and the rise of the medieval Christian world in the seventh and eighth centuries can be seen as an integral part of what we now label ‘late antiquity’. The period of late antiquity, roughly from 300 to 600 AD (from Constantine to Mohammed), is substantively a period of consolidation and reorientation: knowledge from the ancient Greco-Roman civilizations was queried, repackaged, and disseminated; classical literature was copied, commented upon, and imitated; Roman law was collected, rearranged, and declared authoritative. What has been less studied in this period is the reception of the apostolic world as a realm of knowledge in its own right.

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