scholarly journals Focalisation in Travel Literature "A Study on Three Selected Models"

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Sinan Abdulazeez AABDULRAHEM
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research Studies

Focalisation is one of the main concepts in narration; it is basically linked with the narrator in terms of the mechanisms that he follows in presenting views, their angle and the degree of interest in presenting one part to another. As for the narrator, he has full freedom and unique energy to talk about whatever and however he wants. He may have interests in shedding light on political, religious, social, intellectual, philosophical and psychological matters. He may also make the reader compelled to take his comments and points of view, as the narrator is meant to be the window through which readers overlook all events. Thus, the narrator adds his touches to the events in the narration doing things like commenting on events, deleting others to make things ambiguous or adding more details to make the events more interesting. Therefore, narration is always shaped and affected by the role of the narrator, specifically when he is a lonely well-educated and cultured person. The current research studies Focalisation in a specific literary genre, which is the travel literature. It selects three examples from three books authored by: Hassan Abd Radhi, Ahmed Zaki and Anes Mansour respectively and investigates the diversity of those authors' methods of Focalisation. Keywords: Author, Reader, Literature.

scholarly journals Competenza lessicale e apprendimento dell’Italiano L2

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research Studies

This volume addresses the teaching and learning of vocabulary in Italian L2 from different points of view, defining an updated and heterogeneous framework. The articles focus on wide-ranging topics: advances in acquisitional linguistics research, studies on interlanguage, results of psycholinguistic research, the role of teaching technologies, the use of multimedia lexicographic tools, new attention to languages for specific purposes, analysis of interactions on social networks. Each of these topics is treated specifically referring to the lexical dimension and to the possible applicative effects on the teaching of Italian L2.

Pater's Parerga: Framing the Imaginary Portraits

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Giles Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Similar Operation ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Relationship

Walter Pater's late-nineteenth-century literary genre of the imaginary portrait has received relatively little critical attention. Conceived of as something of a continuum between his role as an art critic and his fictional pursuits, this essay probes the liminal space of the imaginary portraits, focusing on the role of the parergon, or frame, in his portraits. Guided by Pater's reading of Kant, who distinguishes between the work (ergon) and that which lies outside of the work (the parergon), between inside and outside, and contextualised alongside the analysis of Derrida, who shows how such distinctions have always already deconstructed themselves, I demonstrate a similar operation at work in the portraits. By closely analysing the parerga of two of Pater's portraits, ‘Duke Carl of Rosenmold’ (1887) and ‘Apollo in Picardy’ (1893), focusing on his partial quotation of Goethe in the former, and his playful autocitation and impersonation of Heine in the latter, I argue that Pater's parerga seek to destabilise the relationship between text and context so that the parerga do not lie outside the text but are implicated throughout in their reading, changing the portraits constitutively. As such, the formal structure of the parergon in Pater's portraits is also a theoretical fulcrum in his aesthetic criticism and marks that space where the limits of, and distinctions between, art and life become blurred.

Synergistic Methodology Based on Ion Exchange and Biodegradation Mechanisms Applied for Metal Complex Dye Removal from Waste Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Mirela Marin ◽  
Olga Tiron ◽  
Luoana Florentina Pascu ◽  
Mihaela Costache ◽  
Mihai Nita Lazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Basic Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Basic Anion

This study investigates the synergistic effects of ion exchange and biodegradation methods to remove the Acid Blue 193 also called Gryfalan Navy Blue RL (GNB) dye from wastewater. Ion exchange studies were performed using a strongly basic anion exchange resin Amberlite IRA 400. The equilibrium was characterized by a kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, establishing that the sorption of the GNB dye was subject to the Freundlich isotherm model with R2 = 0.8710. Experimental results showed that the activated resin can removed up to 93.4% when the concentration of dye solution is 5.62�10-2 mM. The biodegradation of the GNB was induced by laccase, an enzyme isolated from white-rot fungus. It was also analyzed the role of pH and dye concentration on GNB biodegradation, so 5�10-2 mM dye had a maximum discoloration efficiency of 82.9% at pH of 4. The laccase showed a very fast and robust activity reaching in a few minutes a Km value of 2.2�10-1mM. In addition, increasing the GNB concentration up to 8�10-1 mM did not triggered a substrat inhibition effect on the laccase activity. Overall, in this study we proposed a mixt physicochemical and biological approach to enhance the GNB removal and biodegradability from the wastewaters and subsequently the environment.

scholarly journals Actualized inventory of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz-Pérez Alejandra Lucía ◽  
Barrera-Ramos Jacqueline ◽  
Bernal-Ramírez Luis Alberto ◽  
Bravo-Avilez David ◽  
Rendón-Aguilar Beatriz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Oaxaca is one of the most diverse states in Mexico from biological and cultural points of view. Different ethnic groups living there maintain deep and ancestral traditional knowledge of medicinal plants as well as traditional practices and beliefs about diseases/illnesses and cures. Previous ethnobotanical research in this state has helped document this knowledge, but with the addition of more studies, more records appear. We updated the inventory of medicinal knowledge between the different ethnic groups that inhabit the Oaxacan territory. Methods A database was constructed from two sources: (1) original data from a 3-year project in 84 municipalities of Oaxaca inhabited by eight ethnic groups and (2) different electronic databases. Results Records of 1032 medicinal plants were obtained; 164 families were registered, with Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Rubiaceae being the most commonly used. A total of 770 species were reported in 14 vegetation types; the most important species came from temperate forests. Only 144 species corresponded to introduced species, and 272 were listed in a risk category. Illnesses of the digestive and genitourinary systems as well as culture-bound syndromes were treated with high numbers of medicinal plants. The Mestizo, Mixe, Mixtec, and Zapotec ethnic groups exhibited the greatest number of recorded medicinal plants. The 17 species that were used among almost all ethnic groups in Oaxaca were also used to cure the highest number of diseases. Discussion Inventories of medicinal plants confirm the persistence of traditional knowledge and reflect the need to recognize and respect this cosmovision. Many species are gathered in wild environments. The most important illnesses or diseases recorded in the present inventory are also mentioned in different studies, suggesting that they are common health problems in the rural communities of Mexico. Conclusions Medicinal plants are essential for ethnic groups in Oaxaca. It is necessary to recognize and understand the complex ancestral processes involved in the human-nature interaction and the role of these processes in the conservation of biodiversity and in the survivorship of ethnic groups that have persisted for centuries. Finally, this study serves as a wake-up call to respect those worldviews.

scholarly journals Understanding the nature and scope of clinical research commentaries in PubMed

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-456
Author(s):  
James R Rogers ◽  
Hollis Mills ◽  
Lisa V Grossman ◽  
Andrew Goldstein ◽  
Chunhua Weng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Disease Specific ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Scientific commentaries are expected to play an important role in evidence appraisal, but it is unknown whether this expectation has been fulfilled. This study aims to better understand the role of scientific commentary in evidence appraisal. We queried PubMed for all clinical research articles with accompanying comments and extracted corresponding metadata. Five percent of clinical research studies (N = 130 629) received postpublication comments (N = 171 556), resulting in 178 882 comment–article pairings, with 90% published in the same journal. We obtained 5197 full-text comments for topic modeling and exploratory sentiment analysis. Topics were generally disease specific with only a few topics relevant to the appraisal of studies, which were highly prevalent in letters. Of a random sample of 518 full-text comments, 67% had a supportive tone. Based on our results, published commentary, with the exception of letters, most often highlight or endorse previous publications rather than serve as a prominent mechanism for critical appraisal.

Los estereotipos sociales a través del filtro de la traducción

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-233
Author(s):  
Gemma Andújar Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Points Of View

Cultural referents not only designate specific realities of a given culture which do not always exist in another but they are also semantic elements which trigger social representations. By conveying values and points of view about different social groups, cultural referents become linguistic instruments to build stereotypes. These thought patterns are shared by the members of a social or cultural community and act as a filter of reality. The aim of this paper is to study the role of cultural referents in the construction of social stereotypes, focusing on the socio-cognitive universe they evoke. To this end, we have analyzed the translations techniques applied in the Spanish, Catalan and English versions of a novel which has been very successful on the French literary scene: Muriel Barbery’s L’Élégance du hérisson (2006). As show the results of this textual comparison, the explanations, descriptions and additional information observed in target texts do not trigger the same associations as cultural referents do in the source text. Translational approaches are too limited when it comes to achieve linguistic adequacy to different world visions. Therefore, translation must be conceived as an encounter between two cultural systems, in which the translator must build bridges, not so much between two linguistic systems as between the social perceptions and values of two different cultural communities.

The History of the Creation of the VII State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
K. S. Guzev
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Scien Tists ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Objective Necessity

Introduction. The objective necessity of the appearance of this code of laws for the pharmaceu-tical industry is shown. The proofs of the readiness of all branches of pharmacy to develop the text of the Pharmacopoeia, taking into account modern international requirements for scientific and practical activities in the development, manufacture and production of medicines, are presented.Text. The work presents the history of the creation of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR. The sequence of steps for the formation of the Pharmacopoeia Commission, the stages of its activities for the preparation of the updated text of the Pharmacopoeia is described, a detailed analysis of the prepared text is given in comparison with the current Pharmacopoeia of the VI edition (1910). Various points of view of experts on the content of the main text are cited, which served as the basis for the new document. The role of domestic scien-tists-pharmacists in the development and publication of the VII edition of the State Pharmacopoeia of the USSR is evaluated.Conclusion. The role of the Pharmacopoeia Commission in the timely development of the text of the new edition of the State Pharmacopoeia is emphasized. The fact of its wide discussion among experts and the novelty of the approach, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the entire industry, are noted.

scholarly journals Speak with one voice! Towards an ecumenical ethics applicable to the church-state dialogue in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koos Vorster
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Ethical Concern ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ethics ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
The Church

This research deals with the question of whether an ecumenical ethics can be developed in South Africa that at least will be applicable in the field of political ethics and that can assist the various ecclesiastical traditions to ‘speak with one voice’ when they address the government on matters of Christian ethical concern. The research rests on the recognition of the variety of ethical persuasions and points of view that flow from the variety of hermeneutical approaches to Scripture. However, within this plethora of ethical discourses, an ‘overlapping’ ethics based on a proposed set of minimum theological ideas can be pursued in order to reach at least an outline of an applicable ecumenical political ethics conducive to the church–state dialogue in South Africa today. The article concludes that a ‘minimum consensus’ on the role of revelation in the moral discourses is possible and is enriched by traditional ideas such as creation and natural law, the reign of God and Christology, and it can provide a suitable common ground for an ecumenical ethics applicable to the moral difficulties in the political domain in South Africa today.

scholarly journals Metadiscourse as a Way of Achieving Persuasion in Literary Criticism Texts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-263
Author(s):  
Dunya AlJazrawi ◽  
Zeena AlJazrawi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Persuasive Essays ◽  
Stanley Fish ◽  
Role Of The Reader

This study aims at examining the use of metadiscourse markers in literary criticism texts to identify the role of the reader and how these markers are used to produce more persuasive essays. The data of 72,727 words from 17 texts were written by three well-known authors, namely, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf and Stanley Fish. Hyland’s (2005) model of interpersonal metadiscourse markers was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed that metadiscourse markers are used by literary critics to create coherent and persuasive texts. It was found out that the theory of criticism adopted by the literary critics does not affect the use of metadiscourse markers only maybe in terms of relying more on logos, ethos or pathos. The results of this study comply with those of previous research showing that metadiscourse markers are frequently used in literary criticism texts. This study will contribute to both the literary genre and the genre of critical essays by identifying the linguistic features to be used to produce more effective and convincing literary criticism texts. It will also help future critics to write more persuasive texts by highlighting the means that enable them to influence their readers and to produce more coherent and convincing texts. Keywords metadiscourse; persuasion; literary criticism; essays; critical theory

scholarly journals ENTERPRISE COMPETITIVE POSITION MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF BOOSTING CONFIDENCE TO BUSINESS

2017 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Eva Frizovna Khandamova ◽  
Anastasia Vitalyevna Ivakh ◽  
Stanislav Vladimirovich Fedin ◽  
Mikhail Borisovich Shchepakin
Keyword(s):  
Effective Management ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Position Management ◽  
Market Relations

Solving the problems of business growth in modern conditions requires effective management of the ever-increasing system of market relations between business and consumers, partners and other participants in the communication space. The increasing role of marketing communications in resolving motivational and resource contradictions between market participants is substantiated. The influence of various potentials on the formation of sources of effective functioning and business development is indicated. Different points of view regarding communication as a category determining the formation of "confidence" as a tool for managing the competitive position of an enterprise are considered. The nature of communication divergence is revealed in the construction of marketing fields of interacting subjects. The need to consider the interrelationship of different resources (labor, intellectual, communication, cognitive, motivational) as the basic components determining the state of the capital (moral, motivational, marketing-behavioral) formed by the subject is identified. A resource approach to building trust in business is proposed. The influence of organizational culture on the implementation of a positive marketing mimicry of business to the requirements of a competitive market is indicated. The model of the enterprise competitive position management by means of increasing the confidence to business in terms of building the marketing communication field is offered.

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