Narrating the Local Web of Associations

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-118
Author(s):  
Ehud Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
The World

This chapter continues to explore the local web of associations in which Haḍimbā is embedded and through which she and her community are constituted. Turning from the world of ritual to that of narrative, the chapter critically introduces five major stories about Haḍimbā, showing how each of them sheds a different light on the goddess’s character, biography, and social roles. It becomes clear that, while Haḍimbā is explicitly presented by her devotees as a single, unitary being, the narratives reveal a persona who is multilayered, multifaceted, and continuously changing. Haḍimbā emerges as a storehouse of fragmented memories of multiple origins and events, as well as a product of interactions among deities, people, interests, and ideals. It is evident that all the stories contain elements of power and reflect Haḍimbā’s involvement in the local web of sociopolitical relations and the developments she has undergone as a result.

Institutional actors: Children’s emerging beliefs about the causal structure of social roles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyes ◽  
Frank Keil ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Player ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
The U.S

Institutions make new forms of acting possible: Signing executive orders, scoring goals, and officiating weddings are only possible because of the U.S. government, the rules of soccer, and the institution of marriage. Thus, when an individual occupies a particular social role (President, soccer player, and officiator) they acquire new ways of acting on the world. The present studies investigated children’s beliefs about institutional actions, and in particular whether children understand that individuals can only perform institutional actions when their community recognizes them as occupying the appropriate social role. Two studies (Study 1, N = 120 children, 4-11; Study 2, N = 90 children, 4-9) compared institutional actions to standard actions that do not depend on institutional recognition. In both studies, 4- to 5-year-old children believed all actions were possible regardless of whether an individual was recognized as occupying the social role. In contrast, 8- to 9-year-old children robustly distinguished between institutional and standard actions; they understood that institutional actions depend on collective recognition by a community.

Re-imagining International Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Buzan ◽  
Amitav Acharya
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
Global History ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Collective Actors ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Buzan and Acharya challenge the discipline of International Relations to reimagine itself in the light of the thinking about, and practice of, international relations and world order from premodern India, China and the Islamic world. This prequel to their 2019 book, The Making of Global International Relations, takes the story back from the two-century tale of modern IR, to reveal the deep global history of the discipline. It shows the multiple origins and meanings of many concepts thought of as only modern and Western. It opens pathways for the rest of the world into this most Eurocentric of disciplines, encouraging them to bring their own histories, concepts and theories with them. The authors have written this book with the hope of inspiring others to extend these pathways by bringing in a wider array of cultures, and exploring how they thought about and acted in worlds composed of multiple, independent, collective actors.

Law as a Programming Language

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Lisachenko
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Law

AbstractThe author draws a parallel between the world of law and the world of the computer. Law accordingly can be seen as a collection of programs, as a programming language—as a programming environment of human society. In this article, the social roles are highlighted in this tripartite system, and the author points to the dangers of turning law from something humanistic into something mechanistic.

Claiming Medicine as a Profession for Women: The English Woman’s Journal’s Campaign for Female Doctors

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
Teja Varma Pusapati
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Female Physician ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The World ◽  
Professional Achievement ◽  
College Educated

This chapter highlights a model of active femininity that places young women outside the domestic sphere. Pusapati explores the support extended to the mid-century campaign for women’s entry into medicine in England by the feminist periodical the English Woman’s Journal (1858–64). The journal’s promotion of a ‘specific and highly ambitious model of the college-educated, professional female physician’ functioned to encourage young women to strive for access to higher education as well as entry to the world of medicine (122). As Pusapati demonstrates, the English Woman’s Journal frequently looked to examples from beyond Britain’s borders to buttress this sense of possibility for female readers, not only in terms of professional achievement but also to reassure readers, male and female, that women could practice medicine without flouting ‘women’s culturally sanctioned domestic and social roles’ (123).

scholarly journals What’s the Point of Understanding?

2019 ◽  
pp. 222-256
Author(s):  
Michael Hannon
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Epistemic Luck ◽  
Epistemic Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

This final chapter extends the function-first approach to human understanding. It is argued that the concept of understanding serves the practical function of identifying good explainers, which is an important dimension of epistemic evaluation. This hypothesis throws light on a variety of issues, including the role of explanation in understanding, the relationship between understanding and knowledge, epistemic luck, and the value of understanding. This chapter also argues that understanding and knowledge play different social roles: roughly, knowledge is closely tied to answering our need for true beliefs, whereas understanding answers our need for good explanations. Everyday inquiry is typically aimed at true beliefs, which is why knowledge matters, but sometimes we need more than just true beliefs to get by in the world, which is why understanding is valuable.

scholarly journals Women of War in Paul Auster’s Man in the Dark

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-773
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Drastic Change ◽  
Women's Roles ◽  
Women’S Roles ◽  
The World ◽  
War Stories ◽  
Images Of Women

Auster’s Man in the Dark includes numerous war stories that altogether contribute to its overall message about the different shape of the world if there were no wars. Most of these war stories are about the miscellaneous effective roles of women during wartime and its aftermath; their contributions to the progress of wars; their victimization as wives and captives; their sufferings as widows and laborers; and their drastic change of identity in accepting new social roles traditionally unachievable. These images of women of war make Man in the Dark a novel about women, although it literally seems not to offer any points about them. This paper is thus to argue that Auster seems to be presenting himself as a pro-feminist in this novel, which is basically about war and what causes war, in highlighting women’s roles during wartime and how their contributions have been unfairly silenced. Keywords: Auster, Man in the Dark, war, women.

Digital Resources: Guaman Poma’s Nueva corónica y buen gobierno

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolena Adorno
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Full Page ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Access ◽  
Digital Facsimile

Recorded in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2007, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala’s Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615) offers remarkable glimpses into ancient Andean institutions and traditions as well as those of colonialized Andean society in the Spanish viceroyalty of Peru. Housed at the Royal Library of Denmark since the 1660s and first published in photographic facsimile in 1936, the autograph manuscript (written and drawn by its author’s own hand) has been the topic of research in Andean studies for several decades. Prepared by an international team of technicians and scholars, the digital facsimile was placed online on the newly created Guaman Poma Website at the Royal Library in 2001. Thanks to its free global access, research has accelerated, offering new and ongoing challenges in such fields as history, art history, environmental studies, linguistics, literary, and cultural studies in Andeanist, Latin Americanist, and post-colonialist perspectives. The work’s 1,200 pages (of which 400 are full-page drawings) offer Guaman Poma’s novel account of pre-Columbian Andean and modern Spanish conquest history as well as his sometimes humorous but most often harrowing exposé of the activities of all the castes and classes of the colonial society of his day. Guaman Poma’s account reveals how social roles and identities could evolve under colonial rule over the course of a single individual’s lifetime. As a Quechua speaker who learned Spanish, and thus called an “indio ladino” by the colonizers, Guaman Poma’s Quechua-inflected Spanish prose may present reading challenges in both its handwritten form and searchable typeset transcription, but his 400 drawings welcome casual as well as scholarly and student readers into the rooms and onto the roadways of that multi-ethnic—Andean, African, Spanish, and Spanish creole—world.

How United Nations ideas change history

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS G. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Desirable Outcome ◽  
The World ◽  
Hard Evidence ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
World Organisation ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

AbstractThis article considers the United Nations (UN) as a creator and facilitator of innovative ideas in world politics. It thereby breathes new life into the world organisation's overlooked characteristics: the quality and diversity of its intellectual leadership, and its value-based framework for dealing with the global challenges of our times. The nature of UN ideas are examined – the good, the bad, and the ugly – while recognising that most have multiple origins and various carriers, and it continues by assessing impact. Three types of UN ideas – positive, normative, and instrumental – are discussed. Positive ideas are those resting on hard evidence, open to challenge and verifiable. Normative ideas are beliefs about what the world should look like. Instrumental (which some might label ‘causal’) ideas are often about what strategy will have what result or what tactic will achieve a desirable outcome, usually less verifiable and with a normative veneer. The article then examines nine UN ideas that changed the world, before illustrating the significance of this by examining two counterfactuals: a world without the world organisation and its ideas as well as with a more creative institution.

scholarly journals Filozoficzne i teologiczne podstawy argumentacji na rzecz edukacji kobiet w Occasional Thoughts Damaris Masham

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Joanna Usakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
John Locke ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Rational Reflection ◽  
Ralph Cudworth

In 1705, the book titled Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life was edited. Damaris Masham (1659–1708), the author of this writing, the daughter of Ralph Cudworth and the friend of John Locke presents in the work her view on women’s education. This article examines the elements of rational reflection upon the world and the concept of a human being, which has led Masham to a radical for her contemporaries conclusion that the proper women’s education should be necessary. Masham’s arguments refer to the equality of people as rational creatures of God, their desire for salvation, defence of faith, and conveying religious teachings, but also they appeal to the significance of women’s social roles as a wife and a mother.

scholarly journals MULHER E RELIGIÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Segregation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
Human Kind ◽  
The Way

Através da história, a religião tem sido uma força catalisadora para muitas das transformações mais marcantes em todas as sociedades. Como elemento de aculturação, a religião serviu como muleta psicológica e emocional para os espantos e medos que o homem experimentou pela sua incapacidade em entender as transformações do seu envolvimento. O divino emergiu com naturalidade na forma como o homem procurou entender o mundo. A mulher, raramente entrou no encontro do humano com a sua transcendência. Através dos tempos, o papel da mulher foi secundarizado, seja pelas suas particularidades biológicas, seja pelos papeis sociais que lhe estavam cometidos. Para essa segregação social da mulher a religião deu expressivo contributo. Hoje, a luta da mulher ainda passa, em algumas sociedades, pela assunção dos seus direitos fundamentais sonegados pelas regras morais intrínsecas a algumas religiões. Palavras-Chave: Religião. Mulher. História.   Abstract Throughout history, religion has been a catalyst for many of the most striking transformations in all societies. As an element of acculturation, religion served as a psychological and emotional crutch for the astonishment and fears that human kind suffered due to his inability to understand the changes in his involvement. The divine emerged naturally in the way man understood the world. The woman rarely entered the human encounter with his transcendence. Throughout the ages, the role of women has become secondary, either because of their biological particularities or because of the social roles that were committed to them. Religion has made a significant contribution to this social segregation of women. Today, the struggle of women still involves, in some societies, the assumption of their fundamental rights withheld by the moral rules intrinsic to some religions. Keyword: Religion. Woman. History.

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