A New Global Agenda: 1997–2001

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-84
Author(s):  
John Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Donald Rumsfeld ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq ◽  
Hiv Aids

The National Intelligence Council’s role in nontraditional threats grew considerably under John Gannon’s chairmanship to include major studies on issues such as technological innovation, narcotics, HIV/AIDS, and global migration. These and other reports informed the production of the highly acclaimed Global Trends 2015, which took its predecessor report several steps further, particularly in its engagement of nongovernmental experts and organizations. On a more contentious note, the Republican takeover of the House of Representatives in 1994 led to creation of a commission led by Donald Rumsfeld to look into what was seen by some as a too-sanguine assessment of the nuclear proliferation threat. The Rumsfeld Commission’s focus on North Korea, Iran, and Iraq was a harbinger of the George W. Bush administration’s focus on the “axis of evil” and its fateful invasion of Iraq in 2003, with Rumsfeld playing a lead role as secretary of defense.

scholarly journals Trends of HIV/AIDS Highlighted the Progresses and Challenges in Prevention and Control From 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zejin Ou ◽  
Huan He ◽  
Danfeng Yu ◽  
Yongzhi Li ◽  
Yuanhao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS is a critical public health concern worldwide. This article aimed to demonstrate th trends of HIV/AIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.Methods Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBDs) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were estimated to quantify the trends at global, regional and national levels.Results During the period 1990-2004, the trend in incidence of HIV/AIDS was stable globally. Whereas the trends in prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends, with the respective EAPCs were 7.47 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 5.84 to 9.12), 10.85(95%CI: 8.90 to 12.84), and 10.40(95%CI: 8.47 to 12.36). Meanwhile, the pronounced increasing trends were seen in low-resource settings, particularly that of death in Oceania and South Asia, in which the respective EAPCs were 44.76 (95%CI: 40.81 to 48.82) and 40.82 (95%CI: 34.31 to 47.64). However, the global trends in incidence, death and DALYs of HIV/AIDS pronouncedly decreased from 2005 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs were −2.68(95%CI: −2.82 to −2.53), −6.73(95%CI: −6.98 to −6.47) and −6.75(95%CI: −6.95 to −6.54). Whereas prevalence showed increasing trend (EAPC: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.87). Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Burundi respectively were −15.28 (95%CI: −16.08 to −14.47) and −15.07 (95%CI: −15.79 to −14.33). Conclusions Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed worldwide over the past 15 years. However, HIV/AIDS remains one of the most critical causes of health loss worldwide, which emphasized the effective prevention and control strategies.

America at War: 2003–2005

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq ◽  
Intelligence Failures

Robert Hutchings arrived as chairman just a month before the US invasion of Iraq, a move that he privately felt was a major mistake, for reasons that proved all too accurate. Once combat operations gave way to a heavy-handed US occupation regime, the analysis the NIC provided—that the anti-American insurgency was intensifying, and that this was because of the occupation itself—was badly received by policymakers. Such can be the consequences of telling truth to power. Moreover, when no WMD were found in Iraq, criticism mounted, some of it justified but some pure scapegoating. The perceived “intelligence failures” of 9/11 and Iraqi WMD crystallized in pressure toward major reforms to US intelligence. Nonetheless, during this period the NIC did seminal work in reassessing the nature of the terrorist threat and in producing the pathbreaking report, Mapping the Global Future, the newest iteration of the Global Trends series.

scholarly journals Global Trends and Regional Variations in Studies of HIV/AIDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Navid Ghaffarzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variations ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Hiv Aids

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION: What's North Korea up to, anyway?

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Albright ◽  
Mark Hibbs
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation

scholarly journals The Threat of Nuclear Proliferation: Perception and Reality

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques E. C. Hymans
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Weapons Proliferation ◽  
Reckless Behavior

Nuclear weapons proliferation is at the top of the news these days. Most recent reports have focused on the nuclear efforts of Iran and North Korea, but they also typically warn that those two acute diplomatic headaches may merely be the harbingers of a much darker future. Indeed, foreign policy sages often claim that what worries them most is not the small arsenals that Tehran and Pyongyang could build for themselves, but rather the potential that their reckless behavior could catalyze a process of runaway nuclear proliferation, international disorder, and, ultimately, nuclear war.

scholarly journals "Coercive Diplomacy" in David Hare's Stuff Happens (2004)

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Khaled S. Sirwah
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Coercive Diplomacy ◽  
Tony Blair ◽  
George Bush ◽  
The Us ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

This paper addresses George Bush the junior's decision to invade Iraq in 2003 on the plea of its weapons of mass destructions (WMD's), as delineated in David Hare's Stuff Happens (2004), a docudrama depicting the events following the 9/11 attacks and preceding the US’s invasion of Iraq. The paper explains how Bush deals with the opponents—Colin Powell, the British PM Tony Blair, and Hans Blix—opposing his decision, based on "fabricated" evidence, by employing his father's strategy of coercive diplomacy against them, depending on both his faith and his position as President. Drawing on a postcolonial approach, the analysis of Hare's piece has demonstrated two significant aspects: 1) Bush, implementing such a strategy of coercive diplomacy, has succeeded in achieving his private agenda in invading Iraq; 2) Hare is possessed of the dramatic dexterity of mixing fiction (the significant roles of the nameless fictional characters as well as the unnamed narrator-actors) with facts (the main figures of politics) for supporting play’s different conflicts. The present paper has reached a number of findings. First, the US attacked Iraq, for Bush had to show his people some reaction to the 9/11 attacks. Second, Bush chose Iraq in particular and not North Korea, for instance, for his personal motives. Third, the US's double standard is stressed through the unresolved Israeli/Palestinian conflict negotiated throughout. Fourth, the coercive-diplomacy strategy has always been the US’s means for (il-) legal ends and, thus, this strategy can be considered a postcolonial construct in Hare’s Stuff Happens.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Electoral System on Political Representation in Iraq Post 2003

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abed Hammadi ◽  
Magda Ali Saleh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
The Social ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq

The study discusses the influence of the electoral system on the political representation of the social compositions of the Iraqi people, and the nature of their political participation in the ongoing political process in Iraq, by means of structuring entities and parties on basis of subsidiary identities, aside from the national identity. The study is divided into two research objectives. The first research objective is examining the nature of the political representation of the social compositions after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003, through exploring the religious and nationalistic diversities of the social compositions of the Iraqi society, in addition to discussing the political blocs and parties in the Iraqi system post 2003. The study realizes that these parties and political blocs depend on the sectarian and doctrinal dimension as well as the nationalistic ideology shedding its shadow on the entire political process. In turn, the political process employs quota systems as an approach towards its formation, which also brings about weak leadership and personnel loaded with personal gain against loyalty and citizenship. The second research objective is discussing the development of the electoral system and its effect on the representation of social compositions within the political process, through tracing three legislative elections taking place after 2003. The study reached several points of results, the most important of which is the influence of the electoral system on the political process and its effect on the nature of political representation of social compositions, since this system produces a majority out of a single composition at the expense of other social compositions in the Iraqi society. As a result, it gave rise to a house of representatives unable to fulfill its legislative and inspective functions, and that operates as a field for settling preset agendas and expressing authoritative judgments.

Bush's Global Agenda: Bad News for Africa

2001 ◽  
Vol 100 (646) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Booker
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
International Peacekeeping ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Hiv Aids

Today's ‘global’ issues, from HIV/AIDS to global warming, and from trade policies to the failure of international peacekeeping, have their most immediate and devastating consequences in Africa. … These vital challenges must be addressed in Africa, in solidarity with Africans, if they are not to overwhelm the world.

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