Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Margaret A. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations

This chapter suggests that we use the broader framework of feminist social justice to analyze oppression and exploitation at the global level. Noting that in real life the ethical and the political overlap, the chapter advocates a dual-track approach to problems of injustice, both individual, immediate aid and long-term systemic changes. Emphasizing the connections between local economic institutions, such as cooperatives and Fair Trade organizations, and transnational projects, such as the solidarity economy, the chapter shows how the local work of the Self-Employed Women’s Association and Marketplace India connect to transnational projects for both economic justice and gender equity. Supporting grassroots organizations engaged in transnational work for gender and economic justice is one route for engaging in transnational feminist solidarity. In terms of methodology, the chapter concludes by suggesting a shift from independence to interdependence, from identity to intersectionality, and from political interest to social and political imagination.

Crafting Masculine Selves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Chiovenda
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Ethnographic Methodology ◽  
The Individual

Crafting Masculine Selves represents a journey into the culture and psychological dynamics of a select group of Afghan Pashtun men. The book is based on eighteen months of fieldwork in a volatile area of Afghanistan, adjoining the border with Pakistan, carried out between 2009 and 2013. In addition to participant observation, the author employed a person-centered ethnographic methodology, wherein he conducted long-term, one-on-one interview sessions with four male individuals, and analyzed four additional life trajectories. The book unveils and chronicles how the creation and use of multiple subjectivities, and the unconscious, dissociative interplay that the individual maintains between them, is one of the “stratagems” with which individuals manage to make sense of what happens to them in real life, and to pragmatically inhabit personal circumstances that are often marred by conflict and violence, both at the interpersonal and at the political level. The main cultural thread the book investigates is that of masculinity, a crucial idiom in a very androcentric Pashtun society. Virtually all the interlocutors the book presents have to navigate deep private conflicts and contradictions related to how society expects them to be appropriate, proper men, against the backdrop of a sociopolitical Afghan context heavily impacted by almost forty years of uninterrupted war. Feeling constrained by the strict norms about a severe and honor-bound masculinity in a quickly changing Afghanistan, but equally striving to be culturally validated by their own peers, these men struggle to create and publicly legitimize their own, idiosyncratic way of being appropriate men. While they suffer at times the stern rebuke of their social environment, all the same they represent the seeds for a change of those very cultural norms.

scholarly journals Escalation of Governance: Effects of Voluntary Standardization on Organizations, Markets and Standards in Swiss Fair Trade

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Arnold ◽  
Raimund Hasse
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Standard Documents ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations

Voluntary standards are a ubiquitous phenomenon in modern society that has recently started to attract sociologists’ profound interest. This paper concentrates on formal standardization over the long term and seeks to understand its effects on the coordination of an organizational field. Using an institutional approach we see standards as a form of governance that can be analytically distinguished from other modes of coordination, such as markets and hierarchical organizations. To empirically ground our understanding of formal standards’ consequences on field-level governance, we conducted a case study of the historical development of the Swiss fair trade field since the 1970s. Evidence used in this case study is drawn from 28 expert interviews, documentation and fair trade standard documents. While a formal set of voluntary standards was absent in its early development, in 1992 fair trade organizations started to use written standards as a means of achieving their objectives. Paradoxically, the introduction of a rational standardization system has led to escalating governance structures in the field. In the long run the launch of formal standards has caused more organizations, more markets, and even more standards. The use of standards as a means of creating differentiation instead of generating uniformity is thereby seen as the main reason for increased coordination demands. As a consequence, this article highlights standards’ potential to boost additional governance efforts and directs attention to the mutual enforcement of distinct modes of coordination.

scholarly journals Mediating the agency of distant others: Proper distance in fair trade communication on Facebook

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Polynczuk-Alenius
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Trade Fair ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Proper Distance ◽  
Narrative Forms ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
Fair Trade Organizations

To introduce economic justice into global trade, fair trade organizations strive to ‘shorten the distance’ between producers and consumers through mediation. This article problematizes the idea of ‘shortening the distance’ through the notion of maintaining the ‘proper distance’ in representing distant others. This perspective is used in narratological analysis of the content that fair trade organizations curate on their Facebook pages to represent Southern producers. The two organizations studied are: (1) Fairtrade Finland, a non-governmental organization (NGO); (2) Pizca del Mundo, a commercial brand in Poland. This article identifies the discursive and narrative forms of mediated agency that are offered to producers. The analysis revealed that Fairtrade Finland utilized Facebook to extend the narrative of producers as active subjects. By using the affordances of Facebook, Pizca del Mundo increased the mediated agency of producers but problematized the maintenance of the proper distance in their representations.

Ethnic and Gender Hierarchies in the Crucible of War

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-722
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Webster ◽  
Priscilla Torres ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Kyle Beardsley
Keyword(s):  
Civil Liberty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Gender Hierarchy ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
Intrastate War ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Recent scholarship shows war can catalyze reforms related to gender power imbalances, but what about reforms related to ethnic inequalities? While war can disrupt the political, social and economic institutions at the root of ethnic hierarchy—just as it can shake up the institutions at the root of gender hierarchy—war is also prone to have either a reinforcing effect or a pendulum effect. Our project uses data from the Varieties of Democracy project to examine specific manifestations of changes in gender and ethnic civil-liberty equality (1900–2015). Interstate war, but not intrastate war, tends to be followed by gains in ethnic civil-liberty equality, and intrastate war tends to be followed by long-term gains in gender civil-liberty equality. Wars with government losses are prone to lead to improvements in civil-liberty equality along both dimensions. In considering overlapping gender and ethnic hierarchies, we find that when wars open up space for gains in gender equality, they also facilitate gains in equality for excluded ethnic groups.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Martin Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
The West ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

This book examines the promise of feminism to empower women and bring social and political equality to both men and women in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe was once celebrated by feminists and progressives in the West for its liberation ideology, which included principled stands in favor of economic justice and gender equity. While the rest of the world learned later of the dismal failure of Zimbabwe's promise, many women in Zimbabwe felt its betrayal early on. This book asks what happens to women when such promises fail. More specifically, it asks what the promises of feminism are, how a feminist outlook developed within the Zimbabwean context, and how it has led to innovation and conventionality. It considers the varied effects of feminism in Zimbabwean social life, focusing on instances that seemed to promise women a better life and led them to believe in their own potential to influence politics. This introduction explains the book's research methodology and how the author came to Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Movimientos sociales, conservación del paisaje biocultural y ecoturismo solidario en el corredor Mazunte-Escobilla, Oaxaca, México

UVserva ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
Diana Areli Zárate Ángel ◽  
Rubén Cantú Chapa ◽  
José Teodoro Silva García ◽  
Yoana Hernández Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Opinion Analysis ◽  
Movimientos Sociales

Los ecoturismos que acontecen en el corredor Mazunte-Escobilla, Oaxaca, México han posibilitado la conservación de sus paisajes bioculturales. Esta actividad, ha sido una opción para cooperativas que llevan acabo actividades de economía solidaria y comercio justo, resultado de una movilización comunitaria por la defensa del territorio como espacio de apropiación frente a la prohibición de una de las actividades económicas más importantes de la región: la caza de tortuga. En este sentido, se cuestionó si el ecoturismo puede propiciar un escenario de conservación de los paisajes bioculturales en el largo plazo. Para responder dicha aseveración, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a actores estratégicos mediante un análisis inferencial opinático, el cual se contrastó con la revisión del Estado del Arte del territorio. Algunos hallazgos muestran una correlación entre la recomposición de los vínculos en la comunidad gracias a los ecoturismos resultado de la movilización social.Palabras Clave: Movimientos Sociales, Ecoturismo, Paisajes Bioculturales, Economía Solidaria, ConservaciónABSTRACTThere are some kinds of ecotourisms that occur in the Mazunte-Escobilla corridor, Oaxaca, Mexico which have enabled the conservation of their biocultural landscapes. Firstly, this activity has been an option for cooperatives that carry out solidarity economy and fair-trade activities, as a result of a community mobilization for the defense of the territory as a space of appropriation against the prohibition of one of the most important economic activities in the region: turtle hunting. In this regard, it was questioned whether ecotourism could be a scenario of conservation of biocultural landscapes in the long term. Qualitative methodology was used based on semi-structured interviews aimed at strategic actors through an inferential opinion analysis, which it was contrasted with the revision of the State of the Art of the territory. Finally, some findings show a correlation between the recomposition of the bonds in the community thanks to the ecotourisms resulting from social mobilization.Keywords: Social Movements, Ecotourism, Biocultural Landscapes, Solidarity Economy, Conservation. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document