What is Structure? Why Care about It?
This chapter explains the notion of structure that will be the focus of the book and illustrates it by means of examples drawn from mathematics and physics. The discussion begins with a simple example of the structure of the Euclidean plane, and goes on to explain how similar ideas apply to physical theories such as Newtonian physics and special relativity. Taken together, the examples illustrate that this notion is implicit in many aspects of our theorizing in physics and mathematics. The chapter also discusses the idea of allowable coordinate systems and reference frames; contrasts the relevant notion of structure with other related notions, including invariance, symmetry, and objectivity; and explains how to compare different types and amounts of structure.