Logics with Multiteam Semantics

Team semantics is the mathematical basis of modern logics of dependence and independence. In contrast to classical Tarski semantics, a formula is evaluated not for a single assignment of values to the free variables, but on a set of such assignments, called a team. Team semantics is appropriate for a purely logical understanding of dependency notions, where only the presence or absence of data matters, but being based on sets, it does not take into account multiple occurrences of data values. It is therefore insufficient in scenarios where such multiplicities matter, in particular for reasoning about probabilities and statistical independencies. Therefore, an extension from teams to multiteams (i.e. multisets of assignments) has been proposed by several authors. In this paper we aim at a systematic development of logics of dependence and independence based on multiteam semantics. We study atomic dependency properties of finite multiteams and discuss the appropriate meaning of logical operators to extend the atomic dependencies to full-fledged logics for reasoning about dependence properties in a multiteam setting. We explore properties and expressive power of a wide spectrum of different multiteam logics and compare them to second-order logic and to logics with team semantics. In many cases the results resemble what is known in team semantics, but there are also interesting differences. While in team semantics, the combination of inclusion and exclusion dependencies leads to a logic with the full power of both independence logic and existential second-order logic, independence properties of multiteams are not definable by any combination of properties that are downwards closed or union closed and thus are strictly more powerful than inclusion-exclusion logic. We also study the relationship of logics with multiteam semantics with existential second-order logic for a specific class of metafinite structures. It turns out that inclusion-exclusion logic can be characterised in a precise sense by the Presburger fragment of this logic, but for capturing independence, we need to go beyond it and add some form of multiplication. Finally, we also consider multiteams with weights in the reals and study the expressive power of formulae by means of topological properties.

An Integrated View of Virus-Triggered Cellular Plasticity Using Boolean Networks

Virus-related mortality and morbidity are due to cell/tissue damage caused by replicative pressure and resource exhaustion, e.g., HBV or HIV; exaggerated immune responses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2; and cancer, e.g., EBV or HPV. In this context, oncogenic and other types of viruses drive genetic and epigenetic changes that expand the tumorigenic program, including modifications to the ability of cancer cells to migrate. The best-characterized group of changes is collectively known as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, or EMT. This is a complex phenomenon classically described using biochemistry, cell biology and genetics. However, these methods require enormous, often slow, efforts to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets. Systems biology can complement and accelerate discoveries in this field. One example of such an approach is Boolean networks, which make complex biological problems tractable by modeling data (“nodes”) connected by logical operators. Here, we focus on virus-induced cellular plasticity and cell reprogramming in mammals, and how Boolean networks could provide novel insights into the ability of some viruses to trigger uncontrolled cell proliferation and EMT, two key hallmarks of cancer.

LOICA: Logical Operators for Integrated Cell Algorithms

Mathematical and computational modeling is essential to genetic design automation and for the synthetic biology design-build-test-learn cycle. The construction and analysis of models is enabled by abstraction based on a hierarchy of components, devices, and systems that can be used to compose genetic circuits. These abstract elements must be parameterized from data derived from relevant experiments, and these experiments related to the part composition of the abstract components of the circuits measured. Here we present LOICA (Logical Operators for Integrated Cell Algorithms), a Python package for modeling and characterizing genetic circuits based on a simple object-oriented design abstraction. LOICA uses classes to represent different biological and experimental components, which generate models through their interactions. High-level designs are linked to their part composition via SynBioHub. Furthermore, LOICA communicates with Flapjack, a data management and analysis tool, to link to experimental data, enabling abstracted elements to characterize themselves.

Reasoning over Attack-incomplete AAFs in the Presence of Correlations

Attack-Incomplete Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (att- iAAFs) are a popular extension of AAFs where attacks are marked as uncertain when they are not unanimously per- ceived by different agents reasoning on the same arguments. We here extend att-iAAFs with the possibility of specifying correlations involving the uncertain attacks. This feature sup- ports a unified and more precise representation of the differ- ent scenarios for the argumentation, where, for instance, it can be stated that an attack α has to be considered only if an attack β is considered, or that α and β are alternative, and so on. In order to provide a user-friendly language for spec- ifying the correlations, we allow the argumentation analyst to express them in terms of a set of elementary dependen- cies, using common logical operators (namely, OR , NAND , CHOICE , ⇒). In this context, we focus on the problem of verifying extensions under the possible perspective, and study the sensitivity of its computational complexity to the forms of correlations expressed and the semantics of the extensions.

Formalized classification of ephemeral wetland vegetation (Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class) in Poland (Central Europe)

Formalized classification of the class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea has not been performed in Poland. We used 69,562 relevés stored in Polish Vegetation Database. Based on the literature and expert knowledge we selected 63 diagnostic species for the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class. Unequivocal classification was applied in this work according to Cocktail method. A set of formal definitions was established using a combination of logical operators of total cover of species in case of high-rank syntaxa while sociological species groups and cover of particular species were used for logical formulas describing class, alliances and associations. An Expert System was prepared and applied to classify the whole data set of PVD and 1,340 relevés were organized at the class level. We stratifies the data and finally we used data set of 903 relevés to prepare synoptic tables, distribution maps and descriptions of the syntaxa. Twelve associations and two plant communities were identified. Vegetation of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class occur in Poland’s central and southern part, with scattered stands in northern region. We described two new plant communities within Eleocharition and Radiolion alliance. The first formal classification of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea class revealed a high diversity of ephemeral vegetation wetland found in Poland in the eastern boundary of their geographical distribution in Europe.

Neutrosophic Hypersoft Matrices with Application to Solve Multiattributive Decision-Making Problems

The concept of the neutrosophic hypersoft set (NHSS) is a parameterized family that deals with the subattributes of the parameters and is a proper extension of the neutrosophic soft set to accurately assess the deficiencies, anxiety, and uncertainty in decision-making. Compared with existing research, NHSS can accommodate more uncertainty, which is the most significant technique for describing fuzzy information in the decision-making process. The main objective of the follow-up study is to develop the theory of neutrosophic hypersoft matrix (NHSM). The NHSM is the generalized form of a neutrosophic soft matrix (NSM). Some fundamental operations and score function for NHSMs have been introduced with their desirable properties. Furthermore, we introduce the logical operators such as OR-operator and AND-operator with their fundamental properties in the following research. The necessity and possibility operations for NHSMs have been established. Utilizing the developed score function, a decision-making methodology has been developed to solve the multiattribute decision-making (MADM) problem. To ensure the validity of the proposed approach, a numerical illustration has been described for the selection of competent faculty member. The practicality and effectiveness of the current approach are proved through comparative analysis with the assistance of some existing studies.

Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics

Introduction/Background:Our new research called “Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics“ is an attempt to establish connection between logical and mathematical principles governing Ternary Mathematics and address issues that appeared earlier while making truth tables for “Ternary addition” and “Ternary Multiplication” presented by the same author in “Ternary Mathematics Principles Truth Tables and Logical Operators 3 D Placement of Logical Elements Extensions of Boolean Algebra” publication.The title “Logical Principles in Ternary Mathematics“ is not randomly chosen To be able to set up relations between elements in the given discipline one usually employs the basic principle of meaning-form and function In the same way we propose a logical triangle “Component”,”Vector”,”Decimal” to prove fundamental principle governing “Ternary Mathematics” presented in the given research. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the article is to set up connection between mathematical and logical rules governing Ternary Mathematics The main postulates of the Ternary Mathematics can be demonstrated by the abstract scheme or a triangle the vertices of which are “Component”,”Vector”,”Decimal” We use a triangle diagram to prove the functionality of the chosen principle. The three components are each connected with other two and transition is possible from one to another without changing the shape of a diagram and the principle applied. Methodology: The most difficult part is to “translate” Algebra and Numeric Analysis into Mathematical Logic and vice versa Traditional methods of logic fail to do this transition therefore a new functional approach is chosen. Results and Conclusion: As a result of this functional approach a new Ternary addition Truth Table is made The new Ternary Truth Table consists of the 3 literals (Т, ₸,F) Truth Negative, False and the last column of the table is the logical sum of the two. For example: Т+T=T Unlike the old table it presents a sum of two numbers in a vector form and therefore makes it possible to use it in mathematics as well as in logic.

Picture Fuzzy TOPSIS Method Based on CPFRS Model: An Application to Risk Management Problems

It is not widely acknowledged that multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems in some particular circumstances cannot be effectively solved by some traditional methods. This paper aims to construct a novel decision-making method to effectively solve these MCDM problems. Firstly, we propose a covering-based picture fuzzy rough set (CPFRS) model by combining the picture fuzzy (PF) neighborhood operator and some PF logical operators. Secondly, by combining the proposed CPFRS model with the principle of TOPSIS method, a new method is proposed to solve the MCDM problems under PF environments. Finally, we apply our proposed method to the risk management of green buildings. By comparing the proposed method with some existing MCDM methods, the established method is effective and flexible and can be applied to a wide range of environments.

O TRABALHO DA MULHER PESCADORA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

This study aimed to review the literature on studies carried out with women fishers in the state of Pará, namely their socioeconomic conditions and the role they play in artisanal fishing. The data search was performed on two platforms Google Scholar and BDTD, using exclusion and inclusion criteria and using logical operators. The inclusion criteria used were: i) works only with female fishers that were developed in the state of Pará; ii) works that were published in the last twenty years; iii) original works, which may be articles, dissertations and/or theses; iv) works that show the socioeconomic profile of female fishers in Pará; v) works that show the role of women in artisanal fishing. Exclusion criteria were: i) works published before 2001; ii) bibliographic review works and iii) works on fisherwomen, but which were not developed in the state of Pará, available on Google Scholar. The surveys were carried out mainly in the northeast of Pará and there are few works that show the economic and social profile of female fishermen. Despite playing an important role in artisanal fishing, especially in fish processing, the work of women fishers is still not recognized and they are still invisible to society.