Postscript Shared Attributes and Monism Revisited

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Garrett
Keyword(s):  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Argumentative Structure

Chapter 3 (“Ethics 1p5: Shared Attributes and the Basis of Spinoza’s Monism”) develops replies on Spinoza’s behalf to two objections (the “Hooker-Bennett objection” and the “Leibniz-Bennett objection,” respectively) to his demonstration in Ethics 1p5d that substances cannot share an attribute. Both of these replies appeal to a positive aspect of the priority of substance over its modes: that modes are in and conceived through their substances. In his important 2002 article “Spinoza’s Substance Monism,” Michael Della Rocca develops replies to the objections that appeal instead to a negative aspect of the priority: that substances are not in or conceived through their modes. This postscript argues that neither of the negatively based replies is satisfactory on its own within the argumentative structure of the Ethics and that the positively based replies of Chapter 3 are more likely to capture Spinoza’s own thinking about the impossibility of shared attributes

scholarly journals Agariya Vinaya, Sanksi dan Implementasinya Bagi Umat Buddha

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
warsito
Keyword(s):  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Moral Rules ◽  
The Government ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
The Buddha

Sila as the moral foundation for the implementation of the Dhamma is further a law which if obeyed will bring goodness and if not obeyed will cause man can not advance his inner qualities. But the followers of the Buddha are of two kinds: the Gharavas (the householder) and the Pabbajita (the ascetics). Therefore the Buddha set different rules for both. The moral rules for the householders are known as Sila while the rules for monks are known as Vinaya, though in fact both are Vinaya. Sila has many meanings. First, it means norms (rules), rules of life, commands. Second, it also states the inner state of the living order, which can mean 'attitude, civilization, behavior, manners' and so on.The hallmark of the precepts is order and tranquility. In Buddhism, precepts are the primary basis for the implementation of religious teachings, encompassing all the attitudes and qualities that belong to the moral and ethical teachings of Buddhism. The nearest cause of precepts is Hiri and Otappa. Sila as a moral exercise for the laity (Gharavasa) consists of various types. Based on the aspect of the sila (negative aspect), the precepts done by 'avoiding', consist of: Pancasila Buddhis, Atthasila, Dasasila, carita-sila (positive aspect), ie sila done by way of 'doing' in the suttas for example: Vyagghapajja Sutta, Maha Manggala Sutta, Sigalovada Sutta, Parabhava Sutta.Agariya Vinaya is a regulation for Buddhist Buddhists whose families include Pancasila, Atthangasila (uposathasila) and Dasasila. The narrower meaning of the household vinaya is the Buddhist Pancasila. The development of Buddhist Pancasila is done by implementing the Panca Dhamma. The precepts for mankind are mere moral and classified Pakati Sila. In contrast to the precepts for the monks coupled with the punishment issued by the Sangha. Any violation committed Gharavasa in the form of moral sanctions from the resident community, for example: expelled from the area, ostracized and others. If the offense is categorized as severe (such as killing or stealing) then the offender may be subject to sanction by the government in which he / she resides. But any offense committed by a Gharavasa will not cause him to be expelled from his status as Gharavasa.Keywords: Agariya Vinaya, Sanctions, Buddhists

scholarly journals Adolescents’ experiences and perceived (dis)advantages of the three main outlet types for alcohol purchases

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3016-3025
Author(s):  
Jordy F Gosselt ◽  
Tanja Strump ◽  
Joris Van Hoof
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Online Purchases ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Online Stores

Based on the existing literature, relevant determinants of availability for on-premises locations, off-premises locations, and the Internet were qualitatively explored and categorized by “experts” consisting of underage alcohol purchasers. In total, 14 focus group discussions were conducted with 94 Dutch adolescents. For on-premises locations, the high prices were perceived as the biggest disadvantage, and the ease to circumvent legal age limits as the biggest advantage. For off-premises locations, the cheap pricing was perceived as the most positive aspect, and the legal age limit as the biggest disadvantage. For online purchases, the waiting time was perceived as the most negative aspect, and the proximity of online stores as the biggest advantage.

scholarly journals Ako čeliť vplyvom digitálneho sveta na Cirkev a rodinu 21. storočia

2016 ◽  
pp. 361-381
Author(s):  
Stanislav Vojtko
Keyword(s):  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Religious Liberalism

The lecture deals with the di­agnoses of the contemporary family af­flicted by information and communica­tion technologies. It analyzes both their positive aspect: prompt information, fast communication; but also the negative aspect: e.g. the spreading of religious liberalism, materialistic consumerism, pansexualizmus, penetration of gender ideology. According to the author it is possible to counter the negative effects of the digital world on church and fam­ily communities returning to the cardi­nal virtues as well as to the way of life presented by the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2: 41–44; 4:32) in the description of the initial Christian community (five pillars of the authentic Christian com­munity: the word of God, teaching of the apostles, prayer, breaking of bread, fel lowsh ip).

scholarly journals Language in Zhuangzi: How to Say Without Saying?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Vrubliauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Fuzzy Language ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Status ◽  
Propositional Language

Abstract The paper is concerned with the status of language and its usage in Zhuangzi and how this particular way of viewing and using language can affect our “perception” of Dao. Zhuangzi’s language skepticism is first introduced and possible reasons for Zhuangzi’s mistrust in language are explored. The question is then raised as to why Zhuangzi himself used language to talk about Dao if he mistrusted it. At this point Zhuangzi’s usage of language is discussed in two aspects: the negative aspect and the positive aspect, the latter being the main concern of this paper. The negative aspect is exposed as the denouncing factor of employing (fuzzy) language to undermine (propositional) language while using different techniques (paradox, uncertainty/doubt, mockery, reversal). The positive aspect is explored as twofold: first, putting language and reason to their “proper” limits entails an acquisition of a broader perspective and a more receptive, open state of mind which prepares one for the wordless “perception” of Dao. Second, fuzzy language is presented as capable of “accommodating” silence and emptiness. Doing so it unites silence and speech giving an incredible insight of what Dao is about. An approach taking from both the principles of scholarly analysis and an unrestricted personal experience of the text is employed.

The role of emotions in Moral Case Deliberation: Visions and experiences of facilitators

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110114
Author(s):  
Benita Spronk ◽  
Guy Widdershoven ◽  
Hans Alma
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Moral Case Deliberation ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
Moral Case ◽  
Moral Resilience

Moral Case Deliberation is intended to assist healthcare professionals faced with difficult dilemmas in their work. These are situations that involve emotions. During Moral Case Deliberation, participants are invited to reflect on moral views and deliberate on them. Emotions are not explicitly addressed. This article aims to elucidate the role of emotions in Moral Case Deliberation, by analysing experiences of Moral Case Deliberation facilitators. Our research shows the role of emotions varies according to the phase of the Moral Case Deliberation process. One negative aspect of emotions is that they can obstruct the Moral Case Deliberation discussion or distract from the moral question. A positive aspect is that they bring the dilemma into sharper focus. Devoting attention to emotions can help to ensure that responsible decisions are made, while also increasing the moral resilience of participants.

On the Dismounting of Seesaws

Philosophy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Dialectical Method

I am concerned to examine a mode of argumentation in recent analytic philosophy which, I claim, has its origin in Hegel's ‘dialectical’ method. I give examples of this mode of argumentation in McDowell and Wiggins, followed by a formal representation which distinguishes two possible models both of which have negative and positive aspects. I consider what the commitments of the negative aspect of this approach are, and argue that the desire to avoid naturalism constitutes a common goal. I turn then to its positive aspect, making explicit and criticising some of the metaphilosophical implications contained therein. Finally, I make brief contact with Hegel.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM PEMBERIAN REMISI KEPADA NARAPIDANA KORUPSI (Legal Aspect of Remissions To Corruptors)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Mosgan Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Law

Remisi adalah salah satu hak narapidana yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 TentangPemasyarakatan. Remisi diberikan setidaknya dua kali dalam setahun yaitu pada peringatan hari kemerdekaansetiap tanggal 17 Agustus dan pada hari besar keagamaan. Pada dasarnya setiap warga binaan pemasyarakatantermasuk anak pidana berhak mendapat remisi asal memenuhi syarat-syarat tertetu yang diatur dalam perturanperundang-undangan. Pada tahun 2012 pemerintah mengeluarkan peraturan pemerintah yang bernuansapengetatan pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana tertentu, dimana salah satunya adalah terhadap narapidanakorupsi. Pengetatan pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana korupsi saat ini menimbulkan pro dan kontra.Hal ini muncul setelah adanya keinginan Menteri Hukum dan Ham untuk merevisi peraturan pemerintahNomor 99/2012. Hal ini banyak ditentang terutama oleh penegak hukum dan masyarakat penggiat anti korupsi.Akan tetapi sebagian anggota DPR justru mendukung keinginan Menteri Hukum dan Ham tersebut. Untukmengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai pemberian remisi ini maka diadakan penelitian dengan judul seperti diatas. Permasalah yang akan diteliti adalah mengenai pola pemidanaan dan hubungannya dengan pemberianremisi, prosedur pemberian remisi, pengawasan dan aspek positif daan negatif pemberian remisi. Metodeyang digunakan adalah normatif empiris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedanpola pemidanaan dan pola pembinaan narapidana, pengetatan pemberian remisi dengan mensyaratkan adanyasurat keterangan Justice Collaborator berpotensi menghilangkan hak narapidana korupsi, pengawasan belumdilaksanakan sebagaimana mestinya, aspek positif pemberian remisi terhadap narapidana korupsi dapatAbstractRemission is one of convict rights ruled in the Law Number 12 Year 1995 concerning Correctional. It is given,at least twice a year that is in independence day of Indonesia on 17 August and in religious holidays. Basically,all convicts including criminal child have right to remission during meet certain requirements as ruled inlegislation. In 2012, government issued regulation that have a tight remission to a certain convict such ascorruptor. Obviously, it became pros and cons. It came up from the Minister of Law and Human Rights to reviseGovernment Regulation Number 99/2012. Its policy made arguing from many parties especially law enforcersand anti-corruption activists. But, some legislative members (DPR) precisely, supported the Minister` will. Thisresearch is intended to know further information of this remission. The focus of this research is about patternof criminalization and its correlation with remission, procedure of remission, supervision and positive andnegative aspects. It is a empirical normative method. It concludes that there are differences between patternof criminalization and pattern of convict instilling, a tight remission with a letter from justice collaboratorhave potential to delete corruptor rights, supervision carried out improperly, positive aspect of remission tocorruptor can lessen budget, while negative aspect can be abused. It suggests that Government RegulationNumber 99/2012 must be revised.

Ethical-cultural Maps of Classical Greek Philosophy: the Contradiction between Nature and Civilization in Ancient Cynicism

Cultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Vytis VALATKA ◽  
Vaida ASAKAVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
Dio Chrysostom ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Cultural Maps ◽  
Classical Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Cynicism

This article restores the peculiar ethical-cultural cartography from the philosophical fragments of Ancient Greek Cynicism. Namely, the fragments of Anthistenes, Diogenes of Sinope, Crates, Dio Chrysostom as well as of the ancient historians of philosophy (Diogenes Laertius and Joanes Stobaeus) are mainly analyzed and interpreted. The methods of comparative analysis as well of rational restoration are applied in this article.The authors of the article concentrate on the main characteristics of the above mentioned cartography, that is, the contradiction between maps of nature and civilization. The article comes to the conclusion that the basis of this contradiction is the concept of the main value as well as virtue in the above mentioned cynicism, namely, natural radical temperance. According to ancient cynics, this virtue is absolutely incompatible with pleasure-driven civilization, as the latter annihilates the former. Therefore, cynics interpreted the whole territory of the world known at that time as divided between maps of nature and civilization that never overlap or even intersect. Moreover, according to ancient cynics, the territory covered by maps of civilization is considerably smaller than that enframed by the maps of nature. Moreover, the areas of nature are continuously being diminished, as civilization resolutely goes ahead. In such a situation that threatens survival of human nature the only possible way out is a return to the natural value of radical temperance. After cynics, the only effective strategy of achieving that challenging goal is askesis as excercises of temperance dedicated both to body and spirit.The authors of the article also give a certain SWOT analysis of the above mentioned cartography in the context of contemporary society. According to them, such a cartography possesses both strong and weak points. The main weak point is the contradiction itself between maps of culture and civilization. As a matter of fact, civilization does not annihilate the possibility of natural temperance, whereas a human being, according to his/her nature, is a creator of culture and civilization. On the other hand, the main positive aspect is an emphasis on virtue of temperance, which is actual, significant and relevant in any epoch, culture and civilization, and which is pretty much forgotten nowadays.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПЕРЕВОСПИТАНИЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ В ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ВОИНСКИХ ЧАСТЯХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Voronov ◽  
Timur Slivin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Moral Influence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема перевоспитания военнослужащих в дисциплинарных частях в Российской империи как организованного и структурированного процесса. Изучено использование их потенциала для поддержания дисциплины и правопорядка среди личного состава. Определено, что к военнослужащим предусмотрено применение специальных видов уголовных наказаний, кроме того, допускается изъятие в применении отдельных наказаний к данной категории лиц. Авторами раскрывается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в частях с воинской организацией в отношении военнослужащих, совершивших преступления. Указывается на то, что перевоспитание осужденных военнослужащих было направлено на повышение уровня их военной и строевой подготовки, принуждение их к выполнению требований военной присяги и воинских уставов. В качестве негативного момента перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих указывается отсутствие специальной подготовки у штатных офицеров и нижних чинов дисциплинарных частей. В статье рассматривается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в арестантских частях, а также дисциплинарных частях. Раскрыто понятие арестантских рот, их руководящий и личный состав, а также порядок содержания осужденных. Показаны особенности комплектования дисциплинарных частей как постоянным составом, так и переменным (осужденными), а также прохождения ими службы. Авторами отмечается, что в перевоспитании осужденных военнослужащих превалировала принудительная функция в ущерб нравственному воздействию. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что дисциплинарные и штрафные части со строевой организацией в целом справляются с задачей перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих, а опыт функционирования дисциплинарных частей царской армии был использован при создании военно-карательного аппарата Советской армии.The article deals with the actual problem of re-education of military personnel in disciplinary units in the Russian Empire as an organized and structured process. The use of their potential for maintaining discipline and law enforcement among personnel was studied. It is determined that the use of special types of criminal penalties is provided for military personnel, in addition, exceptions are allowed in the application of certain penalties to this category of persons. The author reveals the order of realization of punishment in the form of imprisonment in re-lations with the military organization in relation to the military personnel who have committed crimes. It is pointed out that the re-education of convicted servicemen was aimed at increasing the level of their military and drill training, forcing them to fulfill the requirements of the military oath and military regulations. As a negative aspect of the re-education of convicted servicemen, the lack of special training of regular officers and lower ranks of disciplinary units is indicated. The article deals with the procedure for the implementation of punishment in the form of im-prisonment in prison units, as well as disciplinary units. The concept of convict companies, their leadership and personnel, as well as the order of detention of convicts is revealed. The peculiarities of completing disciplinary units with both permanent and variable composition (convicts), as well as their service are shown. The author notes that in the re-education of convicted servicemen, forced functioning prevailed to the detriment of moral influence. The author comes to the conclusion that disciplinary and penal units with drill organization in General cope with the task of re-education of convicted servicemen, and the experience of functioning of disciplinary units of the tsarist army was used in the creation of the military punitive apparatus of the Soviet army.

Argumentation theory: competition between modern research approaches

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Анатолий Мигунов ◽  
Anatoliy Migunov ◽  
Елена Лисанюк ◽  
Elena Lisanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Procedural Semantics ◽  
Social Success ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Criteria Importance ◽  
Practical Argumentation ◽  
Argumentative Structure ◽  
Theory Competition

To overcome the crisis in the sphere of argumentation studies, the project proposes a logical-cognitive concept of argumentation which is a compound formalized theory that includes formalisms for modeling argumentation of different types, a relevant conceptual framework and a methodology for the use of scientific research in the practice. Three types of argumentation are defined: theoretical (two types) and practical. Theoretical argumentation is a critical discussion of the agents’ knowledge and opinions about facts aimed to substantiate a certain view or to change it – i.e. persuasion. Practical argumentation is a critical discussion of opinions about actions which includes, in addition to the statements about knowledge and opinions, statements of a non-descriptive nature about the agents’ values and intentions to adhere to a certain line of behavior. The study of argumentation needs to focus on the large structures that reflect specifics of the criticism and defense of the positions of the parties. An atom unit of such study is the argument as a statement of reason, while its molecular elements are the argumentative structure of a dispute (frame), a multitude of arguments that express the parties’ positions, a multitude of the agents’ knowledge and opinions that act as the bases for the formation of positions, lines of behavior, etc. Within the framework of this trend, both indefeasible (deductive) and defeasible argumentations can be studied. The argumentation effectiveness can be assessed based on the procedural semantics and using analogues of such logical notions as consistency and completeness. Modern approaches to the argumentation, including those claiming the compound status, can be classified using two methods: based on the substantive and practical criteria. Importance of the research outcomes amounts to the theoretical and methodological role of the new conception of argumentation and the general “umbrella” term argumentation that allows systematizing the manifold research and educational approaches and concepts in this field and is associated with communicative nature of modern social life where efficiency and social success rely on argumentative and narrative competences.

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