Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
David W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Conversion Narrative ◽  
Christian Conversion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Christian History

This chapter introduces the subject of conversion by considering issues, themes, theories, and methods in the study of Christian conversion. Conversion is movement from something to something. Its process is dynamic and multifaceted and raises a number of questions: Is the change intellectual, social, psychological, moral, or some combination? Is it an event or a process? Who defines conversion—the scholar, the religious community, the convert? Examining conversion over two millennia of Christian history complicates matters even more, for the meaning of the word and the concept itself varies from person to person, from group to group, and from setting to setting. This chapter examines various theoretical models of conversion (Lewis Rambo’s seven stages, the “conversion motifs” of John Lofland and Norman Skonovd, Henri Gooren’s “conversion career,” and others) and applies these models to a single conversion narrative. The chapter concludes by highlighting a number of broad themes found in the chapters ahead.

Mate availability facilitates cannibalistic behaviour in a nest brooding fish: effects of timing during the brood cycle

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kohda ◽  
Nobuhiro Ohnishi ◽  
Noboru Okuda ◽  
Tomohiro Takeyama ◽  
Omar Myint
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Filial Cannibalism ◽  
Mate Availability ◽  
Stimulus Female ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Future Reproduction ◽  
Cannibalistic Behaviour ◽  
The Subject

AbstractFilial cannibalism, eating one's own viable offspring, is accepted as an adaptive response to trade-offs between current and future reproduction. Theoretical models predict that high mate availability may induce more filial cannibalism, but this prediction is rarely tested. To examine this prediction, we performed laboratory experiments using the nest breeding goby Rhinogobius flumineus. Subject males were allowed to mate with a gravid female and care for the broods. A separate gravid female housed in a small cage (stimulus-female) was shown to the subject males at one of three different points during the brood cycle: prior to spawning, within 1 day after spawning and 1 week after spawning. Empty cages were shown as a control. Males that were shown the stimulus-female before spawning cannibalised more eggs than control males. In contrast, males that were shown the stimulus-females after spawning cannibalised as few eggs as control males did. Additionally, males that were shown the stimulus-female prior to spawning did not court females more intensively than other males. Thus, we suggest that the presence of an additional mate, rather than energy expenditure associated with courtship directed toward an additional mate, can facilitate males to cannibalise their eggs.

scholarly journals Radicalisation of Adolescents and Youth: In Search of Explanations

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Integral Characteristic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Semantic Content of Subjects, Predicates, and Objects and Its Dependence on the Use Of Attributes and Adverbial Modifiers in Sentence Composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-47
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Malanov ◽  
◽  
Marina S. Polyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers

In the article describes the influence of syntactic organization of speech utterances on peculiarities of actualization and reproduction of their subject-semantic content (meanings). There has been tested the hypotheses that the semantic content of subjects, predicates, and objects is reproduced more efficiently: 1) when attributes are used in the composition of statements with nouns (subjects and objects), and with verbs (predicates) – adverbial modifiers; 2) when there is a deliberate focus on highlighting the semantic content of nouns or verbs in the composition of statements. The methods of varying lexical and syntactic means in the text composition presented to respondents were used as independent variables. The language means respondents used to manifest fragments of semantic content were analyzed as dependent variables. The study involved 90 respondents (72 men, 18 women) aged 25-40. While the first hypothesis has been confirmed, the second still requires additional research. The results obtained indicate that in updating and reproducing the subject-semantic content of speech utterances it is the attribution of signs and properties to objects and processes that is of great importance.The experimental organization scheme used in the study reveals a wide range of patterns that can serve to confirm / refute various hypotheses and theoretical models in psycholinguistics.

scholarly journals Problems of Research on Generations in Psychology

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Sivrikova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Family Role ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
Common Experience ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Modern psychology faces many tasks that require the study of social psychological characteristics of representatives of different generations. However, there still is no single, unified concept of generations in the psy¬chological science, which makes research into the subject even more difficult. Basing on a review of Russian and foreign works, the author describes the following three problems of research on generations in modern psychology: 1) The problem of defining the very concept of 'generation'; 2) The problem of defining quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 'generation'; 3) The problem of differentiating between generations. Creating a complex social psychological concept in which a generation would be considered a relatively independent social community of individuals united by common cultural-historical location and common experience may contribute to eliminating these problems. The author argues that generations functioning in society should be differentiated on the basis of the following criteria: historical era, age, family role and identification with one or another generation.

Karl Polanyi’s Anthropological Theory of Economy

Naukratis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Moller
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

In accordance with the hermeneutical principles laid down in the introduction, this chapter will be devoted to an account of the theoretical models underlying the analysis and interpretation of the source material. Karl Polanyi’s empirical observations resulted in a series of ideal-types such as can be employed for the evaluation of the evidence from Naukratis in the following chapters. Polanyi’s works do not form one single, complete theory of economy; rather, they should be seen—as Sally Humphreys has put it so aptly—as sketches of areas within largely unexplored territory. It is of course true that George Dalton went to great lengths to develop Polanyi’s ideas further; the fact nevertheless remains that they continue to be far from accepted as paradigms for all further research in the field of economic anthropology or economic history. Indeed, such continuations of Polanyi’s approach have served only to limit unduly the openness that is the very advantage of his ideal-types. It is for this reason that one should return to Polanyi himself and employ his original ideas. His work has been taken up by only a few within the realm of the economic history of classical antiquity, something due partly to his own—problematic—statements on the subject of Greek history, and partly to lack of interest shown for anthropological approaches within ancient history. Polanyi disagreed with the view that markets were the ubiquitous form of economic organization—an attitude regarding the notion of the market as essential to the description of every economy—and also with the belief that it is the economic organization of any given society which determines its social, political, and cultural structures. For his part, Polanyi contended that an economy organized around the market first came into being with the Industrial Revolution, and that it was not until then that the two root meanings of the word ‘economic’—on the one hand, in the sense of provision with goods; on the other, in the sense of a thrifty use of resources, as in the words ‘economical’ and ‘economizing’—merged.

scholarly journals Some Characteristics of Interstellar Gas in the Galaxy

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold F. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Gas Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Great Breadth ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Subject

The task assigned for this review is to discuss structural features of the Galaxy as they may involve or relate to gas dynamics. Since a topic of such great breadth would permit discussion of essentially any aspect of the Galaxy, we shall narrow the view and direct attention primarily towards the larger-scale features of the system. In particular, effort will be made to place emphasis on those areas of the subject in which problems of interpretation exist and in which new theoretical models are needed.

scholarly journals Positive psychiatry/psychology for older adults: a new and important movement but robust methodology is essential

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte R. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
View Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Positive psychiatry and the related positive psychology are offering a much needed alternative framework through which to view the psychology of old age (Jeste et al., 2015). Traditional models of old age tend to approach the subject from a negative view point where themes of dependency and decline can be common (Cumming and Henry, 1961). In contrast, positive psychiatry and psychology refer to the scientific study of strengths and capabilities that contribute to well-being (Seligman, 1998). Some of these can be thought of as character strengths and evidence suggests that concepts such as hope, humour, integrity, and gratitude are universal, with examples documented in at least 54 nations across the world (Park et al., 2006). Researchers aligned to these theoretical models seek to explore complex approaches to measuring and improving mental health, recognizing that well-being is often a dynamic interplay between positive and negative psychological processes and outcomes (Lomas and Ivtzan, 2016).

The Definition of the Supernatural

1910 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
George T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Present Essay ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
Christian History

With the ultimate purpose of helping to clarify thought on the subject of the supernatural, the present essay is a study of usage mostly in Christian history and particularly of today. It therefore notes the meanings which seem to be assigned to the word and to its synonyms and associates; and it includes some criticism of usage, according to the accepted laws of thought, such as may contribute to the purpose of clarification.

Threshold shear stress for the transition between tumbling and tank-treading of red blood cells in shear flow: dependence on the viscosity of the suspending medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 351-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Fischer ◽  
Rafal Korzeniewski
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Subject

AbstractRed blood cells are the subject of diverse studies. One branch is the observation and theoretical modelling of their behaviour in a shear flow. This work deals with the flow of single red cells suspended in solutions much more viscous than blood plasma. Below a critical shear rate (${\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $) the red cells rotate with little change of their resting shape. Above that value they become elongated and aligned in the shear field. We measured${\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $at viscosities (${\eta }_{0} $) ranging from 10.7 to 104 mPa s via observation along the vorticity of a Poiseuille flow in a glass capillary;${\eta }_{0} {\dot {\gamma } }_{t} $decreased steeply with increasing${\eta }_{0} $up to a value of 25 mPa s and remained constant for higher values. Present theoretical models are not in keeping with the measured data. Modifications of basic model assumptions are suggested.

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