The Wilds, Untamed, and Spontaneity

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-196
Author(s):  
Alexus McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Inherent Value ◽  
Positive Account ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
The Way

Chapter 4 discusses a “positive” account of madness. The Zhuangist, among others, focuses on the way we can understand an inherent value in madness depending on how we conceive of situations in given perspectives, and that we have reason to resist understanding particular people as mad or disordered objectively. The idea here is to include any mental state that is regularly seen as problematic or getting in the way of efficient or proper human functioning. This chapter also discusses a host of mad or mentally disordered individuals found in early Chinese texts, with the aim of understanding how they fit into the structure built thus far, and how various appearances of these characters (such as the “Madman of Chu”) in different texts will often serve to illustrate the divergent messages about mental disorder we find in these texts.

scholarly journals “Ungovernable Feelings and Passions”: Common Sense Philosophy and Mental State Defences in Nineteenth Century Scotland

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloë Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
Common Sense Philosophy ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
Medical Writers ◽  
The Way

During the nineteenth century, changing conceptions of mental disorder had profound implications for the way that criminal responsibility was conceived. As medical writers and practitioners increasingly drew attention to the complexities of insanity, the grounds on which mentally abnormal offenders could be excused began to seem unduly restrictive. By way of a contribution to our understanding of this development, this article examines how the growing disparity unfolded in Scotland. The author argues that the requirements of the insanity defence, as set out within judicial directions, reflect core facets of Scottish Common Sense philosophical thought, including Thomas Reid's view of human agency and understanding of ‘common sense’. Building on this contention, the author suggests that Scottish Common Sense philosophy played an important role in the development of Scottish mental state defences more broadly, and can provide an original interpretation of the way the doctrines of provocation and diminished responsibility changed during this era.

Explanation and Understanding in Animal Narratives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herman
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Strategic Oscillation ◽  
Experimental Narrative ◽  
The Way

With chapter 6 having described the way norms for mental-state ascriptions operate in a top-down manner in discourse domains, chapter 7 explores how individual narratives can in turn have a bottom-up impact on the ascriptive norms circulating within particular domains. To this end, the chapter discusses how Thalia Field’s 2010 experimental narrative Bird Lovers, Backyard employs a strategic oscillation between two nomenclatures that can be used to profile nonhuman as well as human behaviors: (1) the register of action, which characterizes behavior in terms of motivations, goals, and projects; and (2) the register of events, which characterizes behavior in terms of caused movements that have duration in time and direction in space. In braiding together these two registers, Field’s text suggests not only how discourse practices can be repatterned, but also how such repatterning enables broader paradigm shifts—in this case shifts in ways of understanding cross-species encounters and entanglements.

Mental disorder and homicide: a review of epidemiological research

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Jean Nursten ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
Doug Badger
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
General Populations ◽  
Key Questions

SummaryObjective – This paper reviews 28 studies on the epidemiology of homicide committed by mentally disordered people, taken from recent international academic literature. Methods – The studies included were identified as part of a wider systematic review of the epidemiology of offending combined with mental disorder. The main databases searched were Embase, Medline, HealthStar, Psyclit, Mental Health Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Criminology Penology and Police Science Abstracts. A comprehensive search was made for studies published since 1990, supplemented with key studies from the 1980s identified through citation tracing and personal contacts. Results – A summary is given in tabular form of the content and quality of each study. There is then discussion of the studies in eight categories: descriptive studies, studies of trends, comparative studies amongst homicide offenders, amongst prisoners and including general populations, studies of homicide of relatives, follow-up studies, and studies of recidivism. Conclusions – There is an association of homicide with mental disorder, most particularly with certain manifestations of schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder and drug or alcohol abuse. However, the quality of epidemiological research in this area is not adequate to answer key questions, and prediction of potential for homicide remains elusive. Further research is needed.

scholarly journals ICD, Mental Disorder and British Nosologists: An assessment of the uniquely British contribution to psychiatric classification

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Systems ◽  
The Way

During several recent international meetings on classification, there have been frequent references to national systems of classification developed and used in Europe, North America and many other countries. The UK has been notably absent from this list. As Professor Kendell, in his brief historical survey of the subject, points out: “British psychiatry does not have, and indeed never has had, any important diagnostic concepts of its own in the way that French, American, and Scandinavian psychiatry still do” (Kendell, 1985).

The biopsychosocial model in psychiatry: Engel and beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
Rebecca Roache
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Biopsychosocial Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the biopsychosocial model in psychiatry. The term ‘biopsychosocial’ is most strongly associated with George L. Engel, whose most famous article on the biopsychosocial model was published in 1977. In advancing the model, Engel aimed to make explicit how the biological, the psychological, and the social all had a place in conceptualizing mental disorder, and to systematize and enshrine this recognition in the way in which psychiatry is practised. In making decisions about how to treat mental illness, or a given patient, adopting a biopsychosocial approach should involve keeping in mind that the most effective treatment may involve a solely biological intervention, a solely psychological one, a solely social one, or a combination of these. Indeed, a useful and effective biopsychosocial approach reminds one to consider all of these possibilities, and select the most promising one, based on the available empirical evidence.

The Imprisonment of Mentally Disordered Offenders

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered

I am glad to have this opportunity to talk about an unfortunate consequence of developments in the Health Service over recent years. My theme will be what is now happening to mentally disordered people who have committed criminal offences. At present, many of them are going to prison. The prison system—already severely overcrowded—contains some hundreds of mentally disordered offenders who in the opinion of prison medical officers need and are capable of gaining benefit from care, management and treatment in psychiatric hospitals. When using the term ‘mental disorder’ I shall, of course, be referring to those states of mind which have been classified and defined in Section 4 of the Mental Health Act 1959: members of the College who work in the National Health Service will be relieved to know that I do not share the view of the citizens of Samuel Butler's Erewhon that crime itself is an illness, whose sufferers should all be placed in the hands of the omniscient psychopathologists. Indeed, when one has the practical responsibility for the provision of health care for prisoners, it is quite irrelevant whether or not they committed their offences as a result of a mental disorder or whether their mental disorder developed before or after the offence or trial. The only thing that matters is their present condition. If a prisoner is suffering from mental disorder of a nature or degree that warrants his detention in hospital for treatment, then the prison medical officer will want to bring about his admission to hospital under the appropriate section of the 1959 Act. This is wholly in accordance with the philosophy of the Act, which does not limit hospital admission to cases in which the criminal offence was causally related to a mental disorder. In this talk I shall want to consider why in so many cases hospital places cannot be found.

Translational strategies to schizophrenia from a proteomic perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martins-de-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Translational Strategies ◽  
Urgent Necessity ◽  
The Way

AbstractThere is an urgent necessity of designing translational strategies to schizophrenia, a mental disorder that affects 30 million people worldwide. Proteomic studies have been providing data enough to pave the way for that, but these need to be connected in a concise manner in order to translate laboratorial findings to real improvements in the lives of the patients.

International perspectives and practice differences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay D. G. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Stance ◽  
The Right

Across the developed world, services for those with mental disorder in prison have been established but are seldom equivalent to those found in the community. Prisoners are largely the socio-economically deprived with high rates of mental disorder. They have often been victimized. Prisons are our new asylums. In the United States three times as many mentally ill people are in prison than in psychiatric hospital. It is essential that whatever our geographical location, we learn from other jurisdictions and other systems. Rates of imprisonment, organization of psychiatric services, and location of treatment of mentally disordered offenders all vary; and it is easy to fall into the trap of assuming that the system with which you are familiar is the right one. There are major differences across the world in terms of rates of imprisonment, place of treatment of acutely ill prisoners, and the structure of our mental health services in prisons. Those requiring hospital care should be transferred out of prison for this. Independence of health services from correctional services would promote the development of the former. One challenging issue for correctional psychiatry in some jurisdictions is capital punishment and psychiatrists ethically should have no role in executions and be aware of the ethical stance of the World Psychiatric Association. This chapter examines correctional psychiatry in an international context and explores similarities and differences in our practices, and the cultural, political, and economic background to these.

Modes of survival

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1846
Author(s):  
John A. Scales ◽  
Roel Snieder
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
The Way

Scientific progress is fundamentally different from other human activities in that it involves both a venture into the unknown and a desire to change the environment. This type of work cannot be carried out on a routine basis and it requires a certain amount of mental health for its successful completion. The mental state of a researcher is to a large extent influenced by his or her environment; the environment is a crucial factor in the way people react and in a broader context on the development of one’s personality. One of the best‐known writers on personality development is Abraham Maslow (1954), who describes the various levels at which human beings actually function. His view is succinctly formulated by Takacs (1986).

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INCLUSIVE AND SEGREGATIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN OF DIFFERENT MEDICAL GROUPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 307-317
Author(s):  
Ivanna Bodnar ◽  
Iuliia Pavlova ◽  
Romana Sirenko ◽  
Ihor Lapychak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Functional Reserve ◽  
Medical Groups ◽  
Psychoemotional State ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
The Way

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of inclusive and segregative physical education classes for students of various medical groups, taking into account sociopsychological indicators and indicators of psychoemotional state. The study involved 1,414 schoolchildren aged 10–16 years (M=12.7, SD=1.6). Through the survey, pupils’ wellbeing, needs, motivations, and motor preferences at their leisure and physical education classes, level of situational and personal anxiety, degree of integration of the group, and motivation for success were ascertained. Data comparisons were made between schoolchildren who studied in segregated and inclusive ways of organizing physical education in schools. Attitudes towards schoolchildren’s physical education and leisure patterns make it possible to assert that an inclusive model is effective. Integrative physical education classes are less mentally traumatic, more convenient, and psychologically comfortable than segregative ones. The way physical education is organized does not affect the level of anxiety and the class’s degree of motivation in achieving success in schoolchildren’s activities. Positive changes in the integrative conditions in the mental state come with all schoolchildren, but they are most noticeable among schoolchildren with low functional reserve capabilities.

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