Time and Place

Al-Rāzī ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 99-120
Author(s):  
Peter Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
The World

The final two principles of Razi’s cosmology are time and place, which he considers to be an eternal framework in which the world is created. Both “absolute time” or eternity and “absolute place” or void are seen as independent of bodies or motion. This is shown to be a critique of Aristotelian’s physics inspired by Plato, by way of Galen. The chapter argues that for Razi, Aristotle’s definitions of time and place are accurate but only as concerns “relative” time and place, that is, the time and place of individual bodies. More fundamental are eternal duration and void, which are based on the concepts of time and place found in Plato’s Timaeus.

scholarly journals Albanian Aorist and Time Reference Points

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Muhamet Reçica ◽  
Naser Pajaziti
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Relations ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Temporal System ◽  
The Absolute

Topics related to the structure of the temporal system of Albanian language always give opportunities for new discussions to deal with certain aspects related to various forms of this system, and one of them is the aorist, as a tense containing many semantic, temporal, aspectual, stylistic values, etc. The relationships that exist between the verbal tenses in this system within the absolute time-relative time dimension, which relate to the independent or dependent use of temporal forms against one another in different discoursing contexts, make up an interpretation-based approach to interest. Hence, the essential objective of this paper will be specifically the relations of the Albanian aorist to the other verbal forms, always observed with a time reference point, to illuminate the character of these purely temporal relations against each other under all circumstances of the actions that take place and are displayed by verbal forms in different contexts, relying on the corpus of examined materials.

scholarly journals Modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Lorentz Transformations ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time Shape ◽  
The Absolute

Abstract We live in the 4-D Euclidean space. The 4th dimension is assigned as the absolute time (ct) axis and energy axis (cPt = E0) based on 4-dimensional Euclidean space. This 4th dimension can be indirectly felt through the observable relative time (ctl) and observable total energy (cPtl = E). The space-time distance is d(x1x2x3x4) = ctl. The modified Lorentz transformations are introduced by the time-matching of the absolute times in the 4-D Euclidean space. The size of x’ (or Dx’) of the moving object is expanded to the size of x = gx’ (or Dx = gDx’). These modified Lorentz transformations are approximated to the Lorentz transformations as t à tl when v/c << 1 and to the Galilean transformations as v/c is close to zero. The relative time (tl) and energy (E) are defined as the 4-dimensional distance and 4-dimensional volume, respectively. The geometrical space-time shape has the (x1,x2,x3,ct) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ + + +) but not the (x1,x2,x3,ctl) coordinate system with the metric signature of (+ - - -). Therefore, d(x1x2x3x4)2 = (ctl)2 = (ct)2 +x2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + x42 and V(x1x2x3x4) = E = mc2 = D(ct)Dx1Dx2Dx3 from (x1,x2,x3,x4) of the geometrical space-time shape. The warped shape can be described as the wave function of the quantum mechanics. The instant force action, twin paradox and possible space travel are explained by the absolute time and wave function collapse of the modified Lorentz transformations and quantum mechanics.

scholarly journals Relative time scales reveal multiple origins of parallel disjunct distributions of African caecilian amphibians

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P Loader ◽  
Davide Pisani ◽  
James A Cotton ◽  
David J Gower ◽  
Julia J Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Parallel Patterns ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Relative Dating ◽  
East West

Parallel patterns of distribution in different lineages suggest a common cause. Explanations in terms of a single biogeographic event often imply contemporaneous diversifications. Phylogenies with absolute time scales provide the most obvious means of testing temporal components of biogeographic hypotheses but, in their absence, the sequence of diversification events and whether any could have been contemporaneous can be tested with relative date estimates. Tests using relative time scales have been largely overlooked, but because they do not require the calibration upon which absolute time scales depend, they make a large amount of existing molecular data of use to historical biogeography and may also be helpful when calibration is possible but uncertain. We illustrate the use of relative dating by testing the hypothesis that parallel, disjunct east/west distributions in three independent lineages of African caecilians have a common cause. We demonstrate that at least two biogeographic events are implied by molecular data. Relative dating analysis reveals the potential complexity of causes of parallel distributions and cautions against inferring common cause from common spatial patterns without considering the temporal dimension.

scholarly journals Synchronization-Free RadChat for Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6891
Author(s):  
Canan Aydogdu ◽  
Henk Wymeersch ◽  
Olof Eriksson ◽  
Hans Herbertsson ◽  
Mats Rydström
Keyword(s):  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Automotive Radar ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Radar Sensing

Automotive radar interference mitigation is expected to be inherent in all future ADAS and AD vehicles. Joint radar communications is a candidate technology for removing this interference by coordinating radar sensing through communication. Coordination of radars requires strict time synchronization among vehicles, and our formerly proposed protocol (RadChat) achieves this by a precise absolute time, provided by GPS clocks of vehicles. However, interference might appear if synchronization among vehicles is lost in case GPS is spoofed, satellites are blocked over short intervals, or GPS is restarted/updated. Here we present a synchronization-free version of RadChat (Sync-free RadChat), which relies on using the relative time for radar coordination, eliminating the dependency on the absolute time provided by GPS. Simulation results obtained for various use cases show that Sync-free RadChat is able to mitigate interference without degrading the radar performance.

scholarly journals Telling Time from Analog and Digital Clocks

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Korvorst ◽  
Ardi Roelofs ◽  
Willem J.M. Levelt
Keyword(s):  
Clock Time ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Naming Latencies

Abstract. Does the naming of clocks always require conceptual preparation? To examine this question, speakers were presented with analog and digital clocks that had to be named in Dutch using either a relative (e.g., “quarter to four”) or an absolute (e.g., “three forty-five”) clock time expression format. Naming latencies showed evidence of conceptual preparation when speakers produced relative time expressions to analog and digital clocks, but not when they used absolute time expressions. These findings indicate that conceptual mediation is not always mandatory for telling time, but instead depends on clock time expression format, supporting a multiple-route account of Dutch clock time naming.

scholarly journals Upper body rate of force development and maximal strength discriminates performance levels in sport climbing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249353
Author(s):  
Nicolay Stien ◽  
Vegard Albert Vereide ◽  
Atle Hole Saeterbakken ◽  
Espen Hermans ◽  
Matthew Peter Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Sport Climbing ◽  
Time Periods

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the maximal force and rate of force development (RFD) between intermediate, advanced and elite climbers using several different methods for calculating RFD. Fifty-seven male climbers (17 intermediate, 25 advanced, and 15 elite) performed isometric pull-ups on a climbing-specific hold while the RFD was calculated using several absolute (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms from onset of force) and relative time periods (25, 50, 75, 95, and 100% of time to peak force). The maximal force was higher among elite climbers compared to advanced (ES = 1.78, p < 0.001) and intermediate climbers (ES = 1.77, p < 0.001), while no difference was observed between intermediate and advanced climbers (P = 0.898). The elite group also showed higher RFD than the other two groups at all relative time periods (ES = 1.02–1.58, p < 0.001–0.002), whereas the absolute time periods only revealed differences between the elite vs. the other groups at 50, 100 and 150 ms from the onset of force (ES = 0.72–0.84, p = 0.032–0.040). No differences in RFD were observed between the intermediate and advanced groups at any time period (p = 0.942–1.000). Maximal force and RFD, especially calculated using the longer periods of the force curve, may be used to distinguish elite climbers from advanced and intermediate climbers. The authors suggest using relative rather than absolute time periods when analyzing the RFD of climbers.

scholarly journals Monitoring COVID-19 progression: Look at Us Today, See Yourself Tomorrow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungsik Noh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Virus Spreading ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing public health emergency and economic crisis all over the globe. Being widely spread, the virus can make any place in the world a new epicenter of the possible second wave of outbreaks. To control the pandemic progression, monitoring of the virus spreading is imperative. This paper proposes a simple and robust approach to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic progression in many countries or regions. This data science pipeline can provide actionable insights via straightforward COVID-19 data visualization for many regions at a glance, which informs of relative time delay of the pandemic progression, projected numbers of confirmed cases in the near future, and the sizes of infections.

Towards a more objective time standard in competitive rowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Kimmins ◽  
Ming-Chang Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Time Difference ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Standard ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Abstract Rowing needs a standardized Gold Medal Standard (GMS) to clearly compare performance across boat classes in competition. Here, we report a method to factor out environmental effects, developing a fairer GMS for individual rowing events. We used results from World Rowing Championships and Olympics Games (2005–2016) to calculate the difference between the fastest winning time of the day and other event winning times on the same day. From this, we calculated a prognostic GMS time for each event via repeated k-fold cross-validation linear regression. Then, we compared these values with the 10-year average winning time and the World Best Time (WBT). We repeated this process to develop prognostic podium standard (PS) times. The prognostic GMS times (RMSE = 9.47; R 2 = 0.875) were universally slower than the WBT (current GMS) by 6.2 s on average but faster than the 10-year average by 12.3 s. The prognostic PS times (RMSE = 10.5; R 2 = 897) were also slower than the WBT but faster than the 10-year average, by 12.2 and 6.3 s respectively. Our time-difference prediction model based on historical data generates non-outlier prognostic times. With the utilization of relative time difference, this approach promises a selection standard independent of environmental conditions, easily applicable across different sports.

A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gantman ◽  
Robin Gomila ◽  
Joel E. Martinez ◽  
J. Nathan Matias ◽  
Elizabeth Levy Paluck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.

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