Regional Cultures of Production

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric S. Gertler
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Public Markets ◽  
Proprietary Information ◽  
Vertical Disintegration ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Classic Essay ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of

With the shifting nature of capitalist competition in recent years, many have argued that systems of innovation and production have become more social in nature. This assertion has two distinct but related components. First, production systems are coming to be characterized by a more finely articulated social division of labour, achieved through the process of vertical disintegration of large firms and the growing use of various forms of outsourcing, including subcontracting to smaller supplier firms. This externalization of the production process is said to offer the chief advantage of agility in meeting the needs of ever more rapidly changing and fragmented markets. As market demands shift qualitatively, producers are able to respond more effectively in such ‘open’ systems because they can more readily absorb the innovative ideas of supplier firms to help them devise new products and improvements, and because they can rework their sources of supply to match the particular attributes of the ‘product of the moment’, in both cases drawing upon the rich resources of a large collection of suppliers. The second component is that, as individual firms come to rely more heavily on their relations and exchanges with other firms, non-market forms of interaction become more important. Viewed in terms of the Williamsonian continuum between public markets and private hierarchies, much of the interesting action is seen to be taking place in the middle ground: relations are social, but are increasingly buttressed by trust. In particular, as Harrison (1992) pointed out in a classic essay, for these innovative production systems to function properly, firms must develop a considerable degree of interdependence on one another (including surrendering proprietary information) but will only do so when a relationship of trust has been established. Such relations are more likely to arise when firms interact with one another directly and repeatedly over time, as they will tend to do when they are located in the same region (see Crewe 1996). However, as sociologists such as Granovetter (1985) have pointed out, this interaction takes place through informal as well as formal mechanisms, and is reinforced by shared histories and cultures.

Relationship of Strawberry Yield with Microclimate Factors in Open and Covered Raised-Bed Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1511-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Condori ◽  
David H. Fleisher ◽  
Kimberly S. Lewers
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Beta Function ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Tunnel System

Abstract. Supply for the fresh strawberry (× Duchesne ex Rozier) market in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region is frequently supplemented by product grown in states outside the region. The adoption of repeat-fruiting cultivars specially bred for this area can benefit local and regional growers, but production systems suited to meet the cultural needs of these varieties must be evaluated. The relationships between yields from five repeat-fruiting cultivars grown in either uncovered (open) or plastic-covered (tunnel) raised-bed systems and associated microclimate factors were assessed from data collected over a three-year period at the USDA-ARS facility in Beltsville, Maryland. Average in-season yields were 40% higher and berry numbers were 150% higher for production in tunnel versus open systems when averaged across all cultivars, years, and harvests. This yield difference was attributed to warmer temperatures in the tunnel system that enabled extension of the growing season, higher weekly yields, and higher light use efficiency. Temperature and solar radiation accounted for more than 41% of the variance between yield and all measured microclimatic factors. Maximum 24 h temperatures averaged 3.5°C, 1.6°C, and 0.8°C higher, respectively, at the air (Ta), crown (Tc), and bed (Tb) positions in the tunnel system, and daily photosynthetically active radiation was 34% lower in the tunnel system. A four-week period between floral initiation and fruit maturity was estimated as representative of the floral development period and was used as a basis for obtaining cardinal temperatures. The optimum temperature averaged 26.8°C, 28.6°C, and 27.9°C at Ta, Tc, and Tb, respectively. Yields were positively correlated with daily light integral at temperatures below these thresholds, and higher slopes from the relationship of yield versus light were observed for tunnel production. Predicted yields using the beta function were shown to match observed values well in either production system, especially when Tc data were used, and can be used for production system design and management. Keywords: Modeling, Plastic tunnels, Solar radiation, Strawberries, Temperature, Yields.

Experimental study of moment carrying behavior of typical Tibetan timber beam-column joints

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110015
Author(s):  
Ting Guo ◽  
Na Yang ◽  
Huichun Yan ◽  
Fan Bai
Keyword(s):  
Bending Moment ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Rotational Stiffness ◽  
Trilinear Model ◽  
Column Joint ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of

This study aimed to investigate the moment carrying behavior of typical Tibetan timber beam-column joints under monotonic vertical static load and also evaluate the influence of length ratio of Gongmu to beam (LRGB) and dowels layout on the structural performance of the joint. Six full-scale specimens were fabricated with same construction but different Gongmu length and dowels position. The moment carrying performance of beam-column joints in terms of failure mode, moment resistance, and rotational stiffness of joints were obtained via monotonic loading tests. Test results indicated that all joints are characterized by compressive failure perpendicular to grain of Ludou. Additionally, it was found that greater LRGB leads to greater initial rotational stiffness and maximum moment of the joint by an increase of restraint length for beam end; however, offsetting dowels toward column resulted smaller stiffness and ultimate bending moment of joints, particularly, offsetting Beam-Gongmu dowels toward column changed the moment-rotation curve pattern of the beam-column joint, accompanied by a hardening stiffness at last phase. Furthermore, a simplified trilinear model was proposed to represent the moment-rotation relationship of the typical Tibetan timber beam-column joint.

Networking, strategic positioning and creative knowledge in industrial districts

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pilotti
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Industrial Leadership ◽  
Differentiated Learning

This work is the last part of a unitary framework of analysis, the first part of which was published in HSM, Special Issue, Vol. 18, No. 2. The principal aim of the analysis is the pattern of transformation of local production systems. They are discussed as a complex institutional form of the division of labour and knowledge between firms by means of institutions and meta-organisers as actors of a post-Fordist local economy. A specific production system is defined as a peculiar governance form of interrelations, mediated by cognitive resources such as internal/external competencies of a population of firms localised in a sharing context. In this way there emerges a process of internalisation of competencies through evolutionary networking in which efficiency is not simply an output but a fundamental input for both growth and innovation. Our aim is to describe the peculiarity of the institutional networking system in the Italian case of Northeast industrial districts, assuming that a specific industrial economy evolves on the basis of differentiated learning capacities according to a complex system of economic and social relations, encouraging the circulation of useful knowledge and information for the economic enlargement based on industrial leadership and firm networks: they form a complex and dynamic Multilevel Neural Network. Two main types of district emerge: the evolutionary district (e.g., Montebelluna, specialised in ski-boot production) and non evolutionary static and adaptive districts (e.g., Maniago, specialised in knife production), where we find limited leadership and limited division of labour between firms.

Design of Lean Manufacturing Support Systems in Make-to-Order Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 410-411 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik T. Matt
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Far East ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Make To Order ◽  
The Rich

Build-to-order was once the only way in which products were made, but limited the market to only the rich buyers. Mass production contributed to a wider access to products, however with losses in individuality. Finally, mass customization aimed at holding out the promise of both, and “lean” concepts helped to (partly) make it a reality. However, the world has changed significantly since the first introduction of “lean” – especially in the most recent years. European companies are facing a growing international competition in volume markets due to the increasing economical and technical emancipation of low labour cost countries. While multinational enterprises are shifting their manufacturing activities to Far East to keep competitive in terms of costs, small and medium sized companies often have to leave their traditional market segments and retreat into niches. However, smaller production lot sizes and the increasing complexity of product programmes require innovative manufacturing strategies. According to several studies and empirical proves, less than 0,5% of a company’s production lead time is value adding, the bigger part of it is dedicated to waiting, handling and internal transport. This paper presents a new approach for the design of lean manufacturing support systems in make-to-order production systems that have to deal with a huge variety of product types and with high variations in demand. A special focus is given to the design of manual material handling and transport (MMHT) solutions. With the help of axiomatic design principles, a tree of design parameters is derived and translated into generally applicable design rules. With the help of a practical example from make-to-order industry, the validity of the methodology is illustrated.

Dynamic Modeling of the Torsional Vibration of the Slewing Mechanism of a Hydraulic Excavator

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 2102-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Juan Yang ◽  
Zong Hua Wu ◽  
Zhao Jun Li ◽  
Gan Wei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Torsional Vibration ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Hydraulic Excavator ◽  
Planetary Gear Trains ◽  
Vibration Model ◽  
Gear Trains ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of

A torsional vibration model of the slewing mechanism of a hydraulic excavator is developed to predict its free vibration characteristics with consideration of many fundamental factors, such as the mesh stiffness of gear pairs, the coupling relationship of a two stage planetary gear trains and the variety of moment of inertia of the input end caused by the motion of work equipment. The natural frequencies are solved using the corresponding eigenvalue problem. Taking the moment of inertia of the input end for example to illustrate the relationship between the natural frequencies of the slewing mechanism and its parameters, based on the simulation results, just the first order frequency varies significantly with the moment of inertia of the input end of the slewing mechanism.

Interpersonal Conflicts in the Relationship of Twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S. A. Gruszewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Educational Methods ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTaking into consideration two facts: that the structure of social life forces twins to part and that the presented roles in a pair are not equal, (one of the twins plays the role of a leader (L) and the other, the subordinate (P.)), one can ask the question — what meaning does the moment of parting have and what are its consequences?In order to do that, a survey was conducted, (a sample of 31 pairs of twins above the age of 30), in which every pair was asked the question: “Which one of you made the decision about parting?” The answer had two options: A – I, B – brother/sister. Out of 31 pairs of twins, 16 pairs chose the variant different from his brother or sister – that is A, B, admitting that the interpersonal conflict was the result of the parting. In 7 pairs, both twins chose the B variant – they withdrew from the conflict; and in 8 pairs they chose the A variant – looking for a compromise as the means of agreement.When analyzing the results of the survey, we can state the following:– in the relationship of twins, there is an interpersonal conflict;– the decision about parting is difficult with prevalent feelings of sadness and sorrow;– after parting, at least one of the twins has problems with preserving his identity and integrity of psychological space.Since the moment of parting is necessary and difficult, specialists and mainly parents are required to consciously change their position towards the relationship of twins. It has to be the result of applied educational methods which aim at creating subjectivity and equality of each of the twins before the moment of parting.

Composing Robot Production Systems: Japan as a Flexible Manufacturing System

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 923-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Patchell
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Social Division ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Specific Skill

In this paper, case-study evidence of the composition of four robot production systems is provided to reveal the linkages between local, regional, and national social divisions of labour. The relation-specific skill epitomizes the sophisticated procedures used to compose production systems, and the four case studies provide evidence of the communalities and varieties of these procedures. The geography of the interrelationships of the vertical divisions of labour of design-supplied suppliers and of the horizontal division of labour of design-approved suppliers is discussed. The cooperation and competition within this social division of labour allows Japan to function as a flexible manufacturing system.

scholarly journals Metabolic markers and oxidative stress in children’s obesity pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
O. V. Povarova ◽  
E. A. Gorodetskaya ◽  
E. I. Kalenikova ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of

The article presents a modern view of obesity as a chronic inflammation of adipose tissue. Obesity is accompanied by metabolic changes in lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and disorders in the hormonal function of adipose tissue as an endo- and paracrine organ. At the moment, there are searched the biochemical markers of metabolic disorders of obesity. The obesity-related factors (hyperglycemia, increased lipid levels, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hyperleptinemia, endothelial dysfunction, impaired respiratory function of mitochondria, minerals and microelements deficiency) form and increase oxidative stress making it an integral component of the pathogenesis of obesity and possible complications. Given the important role of Q10 coenzyme in antioxidant tissue protection, the authors discuss the relationship of obesity and metabolic disorders to the endogenous levels of Q10 coenzyme and its possible use for pharmacological correction.

scholarly journals Excavating awareness and power in data science: A manifesto for trustworthy pervasive data research

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172110407
Author(s):  
Katie Shilton ◽  
Emanuel Moss ◽  
Sarah A. Gilbert ◽  
Matthew J. Bietz ◽  
Casey Fiesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Frequent public uproar over forms of data science that rely on information about people demonstrates the challenges of defining and demonstrating trustworthy digital data research practices. This paper reviews problems of trustworthiness in what we term pervasive data research: scholarship that relies on the rich information generated about people through digital interaction. We highlight the entwined problems of participant unawareness of such research and the relationship of pervasive data research to corporate datafication and surveillance. We suggest a way forward by drawing from the history of a different methodological approach in which researchers have struggled with trustworthy practice: ethnography. To grapple with the colonial legacy of their methods, ethnographers have developed analytic lenses and researcher practices that foreground relations of awareness and power. These lenses are inspiring but also challenging for pervasive data research, given the flattening of contexts inherent in digital data collection. We propose ways that pervasive data researchers can incorporate reflection on awareness and power within their research to support the development of trustworthy data science.

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