scholarly journals Metabolic markers and oxidative stress in children’s obesity pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
O. V. Povarova ◽  
E. A. Gorodetskaya ◽  
E. I. Kalenikova ◽  
O. S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Hormonal Function ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of

The article presents a modern view of obesity as a chronic inflammation of adipose tissue. Obesity is accompanied by metabolic changes in lipid, protein, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism and disorders in the hormonal function of adipose tissue as an endo- and paracrine organ. At the moment, there are searched the biochemical markers of metabolic disorders of obesity. The obesity-related factors (hyperglycemia, increased lipid levels, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hyperleptinemia, endothelial dysfunction, impaired respiratory function of mitochondria, minerals and microelements deficiency) form and increase oxidative stress making it an integral component of the pathogenesis of obesity and possible complications. Given the important role of Q10 coenzyme in antioxidant tissue protection, the authors discuss the relationship of obesity and metabolic disorders to the endogenous levels of Q10 coenzyme and its possible use for pharmacological correction.

scholarly journals Adipokines: mechanisms of metabolic and behavioral disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yassine Chahirou ◽  
Abdelhalim Mesfioui ◽  
Ali Ouichou ◽  
Aboubaker Hessni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Endocrine Tissue ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Current studies show that metabolic and behavioral disorders represent severe health problems. Several questions arise about the molecular relationship of metabolic and behavioral disorders. This review will discuss the relationship of lipid metabolism and fructose consumption accompanied by an increase in weight as well as associated disorders: hypertension, insulin-resistance, oxidative stress and depression. Adipose tissue is considered as an endocrine tissue with intense secretory activities (metabolic and inflammatory). These adipokines are responsible for an alteration of several physiological functions. In this review we will try to understand how lipogenesis that causes dyslipidemia can influence insulin resistance, hypertension, oxidative stress, depression and the relationship between these various disorders.

Abstract 1125: Mulberry Leaf Ameliorates The Production Of Adipocytokines By Inhibiting Oxidative Stress In White Adipose Tissue In db/db Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sugimoto ◽  
Hidenori Arai ◽  
Yukinori Tamura ◽  
Toshinori Murayama ◽  
Koh Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pparγ Agonist ◽  
Tnf Α

Mulberry leaf (ML) is commonly used to feed silkworms. Previous study showed that ML ameliorates atherosclerosis. However, its mechanism is not completely understood. Because dysregulated production of adipocytokines is involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, we examined the effect of ML on the production of adipocytokines and metabolic disorders related to the metabolic syndrome, and compared its effect with that of a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone (Pio). By treating obese diabetic db/db mice with ML, Pio, and their combination, we investigated the mechanism by which they improve metabolic disorders. In this study, db/+m (lean control) and db/db mice were fed a standard diet with or without 3% (w/w) ML and/or 0.01% (w/w) Pio for 12 weeks from 9 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment we found that ML decreased plasma glucose and triglyceride by 32% and 30%, respectively. Interestingly, administration of ML in addition to Pio showed additive effects; further 40% and 30% reduction in glucose and triglyceride compared with Pio treatment, respectively. Moreover, administration of ML in addition to Pio suppressed the body weight increase by Pio treatment and reduced visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio by 20% compared with control db/db mice. Importantly, ML treatment increased expression of adiponectin in white adipose tissue (WAT) by 40%, which was only found in db/db mice, not in control db/+m mice. Combination of ML and Pio increased plasma adiponectin concentrations by 25% and its expression in WAT by 17% compared with Pio alone. In contrast, ML decreased expression of TNF-α and MCP-1 by 25% and 20%, respectively, and the addition of Pio resulted in a further decrease of these cytokines by about 45%. To study the mechanism, we examined the role of oxidative stress. ML decreased the amount of lipid peroxides by 43% and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in WAT, which was consistent with the results of TNF-α and MCP-1. Thus our results indicate that ML ameliorates adipocytokine dysregulation by inhibiting oxidative stress in WAT of obese mice, and that ML may have a potential for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome as well as reducing adverse effects of Pio.

scholarly journals Effects of the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Olmesartan on Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Function in Mice with Metabolic Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinobu Maeda ◽  
Kouichi Tamura ◽  
Hiromichi Wakui ◽  
Masato Ohsawa ◽  
Kengo Azushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Stress Axis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Kkay Mice ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-specific blocker, in genetically obese diabetic KKAy mice, a model of human metabolic disorders with visceral obesity, with a focus on an olmesartan effect on the adipose tissue. Olmesartan treatment (3 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks significantly lowered systolic blood pressure but did not affect body weight during the study period in KKAy mice. However, there were three interesting findings possibly related to the pleiotropic effects of olmesartan on adipose tissue in KKAy mice: (1) an inhibitory effect on adipocyte hypertrophy, (2) a suppressive effect on IL-6 gene expression, and (3) an ameliorating effect on oxidative stress. On the other hand, olmesartan exerted no evident influence on the adipose tissue expression of AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), which is a molecule interacting with AT1R so as to inhibit pathological AT1R activation and is suggested to be an emerging molecular target in metabolic disorders with visceral obesity. Collectively, these results suggest that the blood pressure lowering effect of olmesartan in KKAy mice is associated with an improvement in adipocyte, including suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy and inhibition of the adipose IL-6-oxidative stress axis. Further study is needed to clarify the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pleiotropic effects of olmesartan.

scholarly journals The Kidney-Heart Connection in Obesity

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Almudena García-Carrasco ◽  
Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta ◽  
Gema Medina-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Great Knowledge

There is a strong relationship between the kidney and the heart, where if one of these organs fails, so does the other, in the so-called cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Besides, there are also interactions with the rest of the body leading to a metabolic state that establishes a feedback loop that is perpetuated. The CRS is characterized by hemodynamic changes, activation of neuro-humoral systems, natriuretic peptides, and changes in mineral metabolism. In this scenario, the kidney and heart, connected by a dysfunctional endothelium, inevitably fail. In obesity, this syndrome is exacerbated due to the complications of adipose tissue dysfunction, in the so-called cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRMetS). Obesity promotes adipose tissue dysfunction because it exceeds lipid storage capacity and leads to a lipotoxic state, characterized by inflammation, hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and hyperuricemia, among others, that affect different organs other than the adipose tissue. In addition, the pro-inflammatory gut microbiota present in obese patients releases uremic toxins, contributing to oxidative stress and inflammation, perpetuating and accelerating the progression of this pathology. In this article, we describe the contribution of obesity, the factors and mechanisms implicated in the development of the CRMetS. Despite the great knowledge about the CRS, more research is needed to characterize the CRMetS given the global obesity epidemic.

The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1812-P
Author(s):  
MARIA D. HURTADO ◽  
J.D. ADAMS ◽  
MARCELLO C. LAURENTI ◽  
CHIARA DALLA MAN ◽  
CLAUDIO COBELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Known Hepatoprotectors Act as Antioxidants and Immune Stimulators in Stressed Mice: Perspectives in Animal Health Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
pp. 4825-4837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alberto de la Riva ◽  
Francisco Javier López Mendoza ◽  
Guillermin Agüero-Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Oxygen is involved in a variety of physiological reactions in aerobic organisms, such as those produced in the electron transport chain, hydroxylation, and oxygenation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally formed as byproducts from these previously reactions involving the O2 molecule; they are made up of superoxide anion (O2−), hydroxyl radical (HO−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), peroxyl (ROO−), and reactive aldehyde (ROCH). Under certain environmental stress conditions, ROS are accumulated causing cellular damage but also triggering the overexpression of several enzyme classes such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), which represent an important intrinsic antioxidant defence line. Liver is a key organ in vertebrates including farm animals and human. The oxidative stress plays an important role in systemic malfunctions including hepatic, renal and immunological, disorders. Methods: This review presents a brief update about the relationship of oxidative stress with hepatic, renal and immunological malfunctions in stressed organisms. Cellular and exogenous hepatoprotective compounds share also the ability to scavenge ROS acting as antioxidants and in many cases as stimulators of immune response in stressed organisms. We present the effect of some hepatoprotectors on the hepatic, renal and immunological function in stressed mice by the jointed evaluation of biological and oxidative stress markers. Conclusion: Hepatoprotective effect of several exogenous compounds is very associated with their antioxidant capacity. This fact is relevant for keeping oxidant/antioxidant balance in the respective organs, but also for maintaining the physiological status of the whole organism.

1,4-Dihydropyridines as Tools for Mitochondrial Medicine Against Oxidative Stress and Associated Metabolic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrida Velena ◽  
Neven Zarkovic ◽  
Vija Klusa ◽  
Linda Klimaviciusa ◽  
Jolanta Pupure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Mitochondrial Medicine
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