Creating Rational Understanding

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Susan James
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Ways Of Life

In the Ethics, Spinoza distinguishes two ways of thinking, imagining and reasoning. Both, he claims, give us knowledge or cognitio; but only reasoning yields truths. Drawing on the Theological-Political Treatise, this essay explores the differences between the epistemological norms guiding reasoning and those at work in imaginative practices such as history or prophecy, and asks how philosophers make the transition from one to the other. The norms of reasoning and of imagining are embodied in particular sets of social capacities and ways of life. Becoming more rational or learning to philosophise is a process of learning to live cooperatively.

The Synergy/Integration between Intelligence & Capital in the light of the Qura’an & Sunnah from Sustainable Developmental Perspective: التكامل بين الذكاء ورأس المال في ضوء القرآن والسنة من منظور تنموي مستدام

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (16) ◽  
pp. 32-1
Author(s):  
Mamoon Yousef Salem Mamoon Yousef Salem
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Role Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ways Of Life

This research aims to clarify the synergy (bond/integration) between the Capital and the Intelligence in light of the Qura’an and Sunnah from sutainable developmental perspective, in the other way its attentively enlightens the meanings of versus of Quran and Sunnah in sustainable way; The research methodology was based ubon Tracking the Holy Quraan & Sunnah to reveal/explain the link/connection between capital and Intelligance mentioned in it, the researcher reaches that there is strong integration between the types (Capital& Intelligence) in examples (Role Models/leaders) from Quran and Sunnah in order to achieve peace, prosperity and sustainability to the community, and it reveals that Quran and true sunnah has a biggest influence in supporting this Coalition by setting such these examples and with the guidance of Allah and its prophet Mohammed (ppuh) reactions (sayings, doing and approval), taken in consideration not to twist the versus of Quran or hadith to comply/ match with the subject of the research; and the results of this study that there is a strong sustainable relationship between all types of capital and intelligence supported by Quran and reinforced by Sunnah, in fact there is a solid bond between intelligence and capital shown in Quran and Sunnah for the sake of humanity, also Quran and Sunnah encourages transparency and positivity in all ways of life (relationships, thoughts, communications,..) in sustainable moral frame to achieve Eternity in this life and at the judgment day; And the recommendations is that It’s Important for Islamic Institutes to support like these researches effectively to enhance the sustainable human development in the society, further more It’s crucial to implement the intelligence types by Institutes in Islamic perspective in all ways of life (educational, cultural, social,..) to build a generation proud of his Islam and ready to work for it.

Baudelaire's Two Cosmopolitanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Stephen Adam Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The One ◽  
Ways Of Life

In his text on the ‘Exposition Universelle 1855’, Baudelaire upholds what he calls ‘cosmopolitisme’ as the antidote to the constraining influence of universalizing principles of taste that are meant to define beauty for all times and places. Baudelaire’s view is that such aesthetic systems close off the possibility of beauty, which, he maintains must contain an element of novelty. Accordingly, the proper attitude for the viewer (or reader or spectator) to take before a work of art is one that remains always open to novelty and to the ‘universal vitality’ out of which it springs. This attitude is the cosmopolitan one. Yet Baudelaire characterizes this attitude in ways that seem fundamentally incompatible if not diametrically opposed. On the one hand, cosmopolitanism as described in this text seems to involve the slow, lived apprenticeship in the values, ways of life, and criteria of judgement of those in other places, the better to be able to appreciate the beauty of the objects produced in them. On the other, he speaks of the appropriate attitude toward an aesthetic object — indeed toward any object that presents itself to our senses — as one resulting solely from the spectator’s exertions on his or her own mind and will, exertions by which the spectator refrains from imposing criteria of judgement upon the putative aesthetic object in order, instead, to derive one’s criteria from it. While the text on the ‘Exposition’ provides the reader with no way of resolving this contradiction, Baudelaire’s remarks on fashion in ‘Le Peintre de la vie moderne’ (1863) provide a dialectical resolution.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Christopher Peacocke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

There can be few issues as fundamental as the relation between the metaphysics of some domain and our ways of thinking about it. The issue arises in every area of thought. If the metaphysics of a domain is explanatorily more fundamental than our ways of thinking about it, there should be features of our ways of thinking that are explained by that metaphysics. If the opposite is true, if our ways of thinking are explanatorily more fundamental, then what may seem to be a feature of the metaphysics of the domain in question will really just be projections of our ways of thinking. If neither is prior to the other, then there is some interdependence between the metaphysics and the ways of thinking that needs elucidation....

Vision, subalternity, and religious imaginary in southern Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 003776862096065
Author(s):  
Roberto Beneduce
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Religious Imaginary

Vision and divine voice, however defined, are at the heart of religious experience. The meeting with the Other sustains new ways of life and grants deep transformations in subjectivity. After chronicling the difficulty, indeed outright impossibility, of circumscribing and defining these complex experiences, as well as the opacity of the dominant categories that have been adopted by sociology, anthropology, phenomenology, and psychiatry, this article explores three case histories from southern Italy. Each one reveals a particular knot where private (and traumatic) experience has incorporated historical horizons and collective anxieties. By adopting a historical and comparative perspective, the author investigates how visions, voices – and more generally the encounter with transcendence – enable subalterns to deal with suffering and marginality and, more importantly, to build a view of how the world is and works. Finally, the article suggests that these experiences allow a transformation of the nostalgia for agency into new ‘horizons of expectation’.

Our Civilizing Mission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Education ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The World ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The One ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Our Civilizing Mission is at once an exploration of colonial education, and a response to current anxieties about the historical and conceptual foundations of the ‘humanities’. On the one hand, focusing in detail on the example of Algeria, it treats colonial education as a facet of colonialism, exploring francophone writing that attests to the suffering inflicted by colonialism, to the shortcomings of colonial education, and to the often painful mismatch between the world of the colonial school and students’ home cultures. On the other hand, it asks what can be learned by treating colonial education not just as an example of colonialism but as a provocative, uncomfortable example of education. Placing writers’ literary and personal accounts of their transformative and often alienating experiences of colonial education in historical context, it raises difficult questions – about languages, literatures, ways of thinking, nationalism and national cultures – that need to be reconsidered by anyone teaching subjects such as French, or English, especially through literature. [160]

Ethical Affordances, Awareness, and Actions

Ethical Life ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Keane
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ethical Evaluations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Ways Of Life

This introductory chapter provides a definition of some key terms: ethics, morality, reflexive awareness, and affordance. Studies that focus on virtues, values, and ways of life tend to fall under the rubric of ethics. Those that focus on obligations, prohibitions, general principles, systematicity, and momentary decisions are treated as morality. There is a great deal of overlap and interaction between these. Cutting across the distinction between ethics and morality is another one, that between the tacit and the explicit—those background assumptions, values, and motives that go without saying or are difficult to put into words, on the other hand, and those that easily lend themselves to conscious reflection, on the other. Meanwhile, ethical affordance is any aspects of people's experiences and perceptions that they might draw on in the process of making ethical evaluations and decisions, whether consciously or not.

Boethius of Dacia (fl. c.1275)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Ebbesen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Independent System ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
Main Strategy

Boethius developed an original theory of scientific knowledge designed to reconcile science with Christian doctrine without allowing one to determine the contents of the other. His main strategy was to consider each science as an independent system of axioms and theorems while also operating with a hierarchy of causes, the highest of which (God) is fundamentally unpredictable as to its operations. Boethius did, however, stress the powers of the human intellect and the possibility of reaching happiness through rational understanding; he vigorously objected to demands that natural science should adapt its axioms to the demands of Christian faith. This laid him open to suspicions of heresy. Boethius’ work on grammar is the most complete application of his ideas of how to construct a science.

Public Relations and Its Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Melissa Aronczyk ◽  
Maria I. Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

The key argument in this book is that American environmentalism emerged alongside the tools, techniques, and expertise of American public relations (PR) and that neither environmentalism nor PR would look the way it does today without the other. We consider PR as a technology of legitimacy. This refers not only to securing legitimacy for one viewpoint over another. It is also about how PR has created a set of social and political conditions in which certain ways of thinking become available to us while others are foreclosed on. PR is a process that provides conceptual repertoires, repertoires that have influenced how we define public information and communication around environmental change

Multiple dimensions of English-medium education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Gustafsson ◽  
Jennifer Valcke
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Leadership ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Prestige

English-medium education (EME) has traditionally been associated with attracting international students – one-way mobility – in combination with English L1 speaker norms due to the prestige and global hegemony of English. The implications of using EME go beyond mere communication, since they also affect ways of thinking, seeing and practising the disciplines and this has been reflected in public controversies in Sweden. University leadership has to consider the pedagogical, linguistic, and cultural implications of internationalization and the impact of Englishization. This chapter offers a partial governance overview of EME in Swedish HEI and exemplifies EME interpretations with two case descriptions, where one focuses more on EME and the other more on the internationalization of the curriculum.

scholarly journals Darwin Rocks Hegel: Does Nature Have a History?

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
Darwinian Selection ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
Theories Of Evolution ◽  
The Way

In the popular press and the halls of politics, controversies over evolution are increasingly strident these days. Hegel is relevant in this connection, even though he rejected the theories of evolution he knew about, because he wants rational understanding and a larger process to comprehend natural processes and their history, but without any claims for intelligent design. The way current debates get publicised, there appear to be two extreme positions. The first is a reductionist materialism: all complex systems are describable purely in terms of the qualities of their most basic components, and the systems themselves result from Darwinian selection. No teleological concepts at all need be applied. At the other extreme is total teleology; all systems and their interactions and development are the result of preconceived conscious purposeful design by a powerful designer. The ontological status of the designer is usually filled out with theological notions.

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